Difference between revisions of "Gros Ventre Indians"
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'''Alternate Names:''' Gros Ventre, Gros Ventres <br>'''Ancestral homeland:''' lived on the Milk River branch of the Missouri River in northern Montana, they also migrated into Saskatchewan | '''Alternate Names:''' Gros Ventre, Gros Ventres <br>'''Ancestral homeland:''' lived on the Milk River branch of the Missouri River in northern Montana, they also migrated into Saskatchewan | ||
| − | + | == History == | |
| − | + | The Grosventre separated from the Arapaho in the mid 1650's. Part of the tribe went to Canada and settled new Eagle Hills. | |
| − | The | + | The tribe had early trade relations with the Cree Indians. |
| − | + | In the 1780's and 1790 the tribe migrated to the Upper Missouri River. In so doing they encroached on the Crow Indians and came into conflict with the Cree and Assiniboin. They sought alliance with the Blackfeet Indians. The intertribal conflict led to 400 Grosventre Indians being killed by the Cree and Assiniboin in 1835 at Sweetgrass Hill. | |
| − | + | Treaty signed in 1855 with the U.S. Government, at mouth of Judith River, in the Territory of Nebraska, with the Gorsventres, Blackfoot, Piegan, Blood, Flathead, and Nez Perce, which established a common hunting ground. | |
| − | + | In the 1860s, intertribal conflicts caused war, the tribe joined forces with the Crow to defeat the Blackfeet, who were once their allies. The tribe suffered a major loss to the Piegan Indians. | |
| − | In | + | In 1888 the tribe was placed on the Fort Belknap Reservation. |
| − | + | The population of the tribe in 1990 was estimated to be 2,875. | |
==== Brief Timeline ==== | ==== Brief Timeline ==== | ||
| − | *'''1650: '''the Grosventre separated from the Arapaho and moved northwest, to Eagle Hills in Saskatchewan, Canada | + | *'''1650:''' the Grosventre separated from the Arapaho and moved northwest, to Eagle Hills in Saskatchewan, Canada |
*'''1700:''' traded with the Cree | *'''1700:''' traded with the Cree | ||
*'''1780:''' smallpox epidemic | *'''1780:''' smallpox epidemic | ||
| − | *'''1780:''' migrated south to Upper Missouri River | + | *'''1780:''' migrated south to Upper Missouri River; by doing so they encroached on the Crow. Sought alliance with the Blackfeet. |
| − | *'''1790: '''tribal problems with the Cree and Assiniboin | + | *'''1790:''' tribal problems with the Cree and Assiniboin |
| − | *'''1835: '''400 Grosventre killed by Cree and Assiniboin at Sweetgrass Hill | + | *'''1835:''' 400 Grosventre killed by Cree and Assiniboin at Sweetgrass Hill |
*'''1851:''' Treaty | *'''1851:''' Treaty | ||
*'''1855:''' | *'''1855:''' | ||
| − | *1866: | + | *'''1866:''' |
*'''1867:''' suffered a major losses by Piegan | *'''1867:''' suffered a major losses by Piegan | ||
| − | *'''1888:''' placed on the Fort Belknap Reservation in northern Montana; the Assiniboin also | + | *'''1888:''' placed on the Fort Belknap Reservation in northern Montana; the Assiniboin also came to the Fort Belknap Reservation. |
| − | *'''1896:''' The Grosventre and Assiniboin coerced to sell land by government | + | *'''1896:''' The Grosventre and Assiniboin coerced to sell land by government (gold had been discovered in area known as Little Rockies.) |
==== Reservations ==== | ==== Reservations ==== | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
== Tribal Headquarters == | == Tribal Headquarters == | ||
| − | Fort Belknap Indian Community<br>RR1, Box 66<br>101 Tribal Way <br>Harlem, MT 59526<br>Phone: (406) 353-2205<br>Fax: (406) 353-4541<br>Official Website: www.ftbelknap-nsn.gov<br> | + | Fort Belknap Indian Community<br>RR1, Box 66<br>101 Tribal Way <br>Harlem, MT 59526<br>Phone: (406) 353-2205<br>Fax: (406) 353-4541<br>Official Website: www.ftbelknap-nsn.gov<br> |
== Records == | == Records == | ||
| − | ''' | + | '''Agencies''' |
| + | |||
| + | The following agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs had responsibility for the Grosventre Indians: | ||
| − | *Fort Berthold Agency | + | *[[Fort_Berthold_Indian_Agency_(North_Dakota)|Fort Berthold Agency]] |
| − | *Blackfeet Agency | + | *[[Blackfeet_Indian_Agency_(Montana)|Blackfeet Agency]] |
| − | *Fort | + | *[[Fort_Belknap_Indian_Agency_(Montana)|Fort Belknap Agency]] |
'''Correspondence and Census''' | '''Correspondence and Census''' | ||
| Line 67: | Line 69: | ||
Rolls 962 | Rolls 962 | ||
| − | Roll Numbers | + | Roll Numbers |
! scope="col" | | ! scope="col" | | ||
| Line 74: | Line 76: | ||
Film | Film | ||
| − | Numbers | + | Numbers |
! scope="col" | | ! scope="col" | | ||
Post-1885 Census M595 RG 75 Rolls 693 | Post-1885 Census M595 RG 75 Rolls 693 | ||
| − | Roll Numbers | + | Roll Numbers |
! scope="col" | | ! scope="col" | | ||
FHL | FHL | ||
| − | Film Numbers | + | Film Numbers |
|- | |- | ||
| Line 104: | Line 106: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Grosventre | | Grosventre | ||
| − | | Fort Berthold, | + | | Fort Berthold, 1867-80 |
| Denver, Kansas City, Seattle | | Denver, Kansas City, Seattle | ||
| 292-99 | | 292-99 | ||
| Line 120: | Line 122: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Grosventre | | Grosventre | ||
| − | | Fort Belknap, | + | | Fort Belknap, 1885-1939 |
| Seattle | | Seattle | ||
| - | | - | ||
| Line 146: | Line 148: | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
| − | <references /> | + | <references /> |
==== Bibliography ==== | ==== Bibliography ==== | ||
| Line 163: | Line 165: | ||
:Volume 1 -- Not yet published | :Volume 1 -- Not yet published | ||
| − | :Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results WorldCat 234303751]<br> | + | :Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results WorldCat 234303751]<br> |
| − | :Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]<br> | + | :Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]<br> |
| − | :Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4].<br> | + | :Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4].<br> |
| − | :Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5].<br> | + | :Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5].<br> |
| − | :Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6].<br> | + | :Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6].<br> |
| − | :Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311]<br> | + | :Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311]<br> |
| − | :Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8].<br> | + | :Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8].<br> |
| − | :Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9].<br> | + | :Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9].<br> |
:Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10]. | :Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10]. | ||
| − | :Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11].<br> | + | :Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11].<br> |
| − | :Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12].<br> | + | :Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12].<br> |
| − | :Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643]<br> | + | :Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643]<br> |
:Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176] | :Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176] | ||
| − | :Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15].<br> | + | :Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15].<br> |
:Volume 16 -- Not yet published | :Volume 16 -- Not yet published | ||
| − | :Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746]<br> | + | :Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746]<br> |
:Volume 18 -- Not yet published | :Volume 18 -- Not yet published | ||
:Volume 19 -- Not yet published | :Volume 19 -- Not yet published | ||
Revision as of 07:29, 9 March 2010
Alternate Names: Gros Ventre, Gros Ventres
Ancestral homeland: lived on the Milk River branch of the Missouri River in northern Montana, they also migrated into Saskatchewan
Contents
History
The Grosventre separated from the Arapaho in the mid 1650's. Part of the tribe went to Canada and settled new Eagle Hills.
The tribe had early trade relations with the Cree Indians.
In the 1780's and 1790 the tribe migrated to the Upper Missouri River. In so doing they encroached on the Crow Indians and came into conflict with the Cree and Assiniboin. They sought alliance with the Blackfeet Indians. The intertribal conflict led to 400 Grosventre Indians being killed by the Cree and Assiniboin in 1835 at Sweetgrass Hill.
Treaty signed in 1855 with the U.S. Government, at mouth of Judith River, in the Territory of Nebraska, with the Gorsventres, Blackfoot, Piegan, Blood, Flathead, and Nez Perce, which established a common hunting ground.
In the 1860s, intertribal conflicts caused war, the tribe joined forces with the Crow to defeat the Blackfeet, who were once their allies. The tribe suffered a major loss to the Piegan Indians.
In 1888 the tribe was placed on the Fort Belknap Reservation.
The population of the tribe in 1990 was estimated to be 2,875.
Brief Timeline
- 1650: the Grosventre separated from the Arapaho and moved northwest, to Eagle Hills in Saskatchewan, Canada
- 1700: traded with the Cree
- 1780: smallpox epidemic
- 1780: migrated south to Upper Missouri River; by doing so they encroached on the Crow. Sought alliance with the Blackfeet.
- 1790: tribal problems with the Cree and Assiniboin
- 1835: 400 Grosventre killed by Cree and Assiniboin at Sweetgrass Hill
- 1851: Treaty
- 1855:
- 1866:
- 1867: suffered a major losses by Piegan
- 1888: placed on the Fort Belknap Reservation in northern Montana; the Assiniboin also came to the Fort Belknap Reservation.
- 1896: The Grosventre and Assiniboin coerced to sell land by government (gold had been discovered in area known as Little Rockies.)
Reservations
The primary reservation for the Grosventre Indians is the Fort Belknap Reservation, which they share with the Assiniboin.
Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Band
- Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Grosventre tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods.
- Fort Belknap Indian Community website has a page of history of the Gros Ventre Indians.
Tribal Headquarters
Fort Belknap Indian Community
RR1, Box 66
101 Tribal Way
Harlem, MT 59526
Phone: (406) 353-2205
Fax: (406) 353-4541
Official Website: www.ftbelknap-nsn.gov
Records
Agencies
The following agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs had responsibility for the Grosventre Indians:
Correspondence and Census
| Tribe | Agency | Location of Original Records |
Pre-1880 Correspondence M234 RG 75 Rolls 962 Roll Numbers |
FHL Film Numbers |
Post-1885 Census M595 RG 75 Rolls 693 Roll Numbers |
FHL Film Numbers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grosventre | Upper Missouri, 1824-66 | Washington D.C. | 883-88 | - | - | - |
| Grosventre | Montana Supperintendency 1864-80 | Washington D.C. | 88-518 | - | - | - |
| Grosventre | Fort Berthold, 1867-80 | Denver, Kansas City, Seattle | 292-99 | - | 11,126-36 | 576487-491 |
| Grosventre | Blackfeet Agency, 1875-1952 | Seattle | - | - | - | - |
| Grosventre | Fort Belknap, 1885-1939 | Seattle | - | - | 126-31 | 576481-486 |
Treaties
- 1851 September 17, Fort Laramie in Indian Territory, with Sioux, Grosventre, Assiniboin, Blackfeet, Crow, Dakota, Cheyenne, Arapho Manda
- 1855 October 17, with the Blackfeet
- 1866 July 27, Agreement at Fort Berthold-unratified
Vital Records
- Fort Belknap, M595, birth and deaths, early - 1935, FHL Film: 576485 and births and deaths, 1936-1939, FHL Film: 576486
- Fort Berthold, M595, births and deaths, 1926-1932, FHL Film: 576490 and births and deaths,1936-1939, FHL film: 576491
Important Web Sites
References
Bibliography
- Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
- Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 Available online.
- Klein, Barry T., ed. Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. WorldCat 317923332; FHL book 970.1 R259e.
- Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. WorldCat 37475188; FHL book 970.1 G131g.
- Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean
- Vol. 2 -- Great Basin, Southwest, Middle America
- Vol. 3 -- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Plains, Plateau
- Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands
- Sturtevant, William C. Handbook of North American Indians. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– .
- Volume 1 -- Not yet published
- Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- WorldCat 234303751
- Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- WorldCat 255572371
- Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- WorldCat 19331914; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4.
- Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- WorldCat 299653808; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5.
- Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- WorldCat 247493742; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6.
- Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- WorldCat 247493311
- Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- WorldCat 13240086; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8.
- Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- WorldCat 26140053; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9.
- Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- WorldCat 301504096; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10.
- Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- WorldCat 256516416; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11.
- Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- WorldCat 39401371; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12.
- Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- WorldCat 48209643
- Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- WorldCat 254277176
- Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- WorldCat 356517503; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15.
- Volume 16 -- Not yet published
- Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- WorldCat 43957746
- Volume 18 -- Not yet published
- Volume 19 -- Not yet published
- Volume 20 -- Not yet published
- Swanton John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online.
- Waldman, Carl. Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. WorldCat 14718193; FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006.
