The Land Hadeln with Otterndorf by Wikipedia

The Land Hadeln with Otterndorf by Wikipedia

Country Hadeln

Location of the country Hadeln in the Holy Roman Empire (1560)

The Great Seal of the country Hadeln (. 13C) shows the patron saint of the country: the Holy Nicholas in bishop's vestments

The Land Hadeln is a historic landscape as well as a - not congruent - former district based in Otterndorf at the bottom of Lower Saxony Elbe , in the triangle between the mouths of the Elbe and the Weser . Together with the Wursten and the common hinterland makes it today a typical, relatively closed culture space.

The name comes from a place Haduloha back in the north of Hohenlieth which in the Frankish Empire annals and other texts of the 8th and 9th century as a locus Haduloha is mentioned. In the 11th century then the whole north of the Elbe-Weser triangle was as Haduloga or Hathleria referred. After the cultivation of the coastal marshes, which began at the beginning of the 1200th century, the land designation increasingly narrowed to the new territory on the southern bank of the Elbe estuary. [1]

On 1 January 2011 the previous Samtgemeinden were Hadeln and Sietland to the new municipality "Land Hadeln" together. [2]

Table of Contents [ Hide ]

1landscape

2History

2.1Middle Ages

2.2peasant wars and Reformation

2.3The end of the reign askanischen

2.4Hannoversche domination and "French period"

3Culture

4See also

5References

6literature

7External links

Landscape [ Edit | Edit source ]

The Otterndorf lock with pump station; On the right the diesel engine, on the left the electropump house

Affected area with a "small" storm flood of only 4.5 m at a dike break at Glameyer Stack, Otterndorf

Today, the name Land Hadeln is largely confined to the diked marsh in the lowlands south of the Elbe estuary. You will of sandy meltwater deposits and moraines of the Saale ice age ( Pleistocene surrounded) as the ridge of the Hohenlieth in the West, the Westerberg (56 m above sea level. NN), and the Wingst (74 m above sea level. NN) to the east. In the south, extending between the Geest islands extended low and high moors , but, except for small residues in Ahlenmoor have been cultured.

The marshland itself again in the fertile Seemarsch, the so-called "Highlands" (about 1-2 m above sea level. NN), and the " Sietland divided" on the edge of the moors. The difficult dewatering takes, besides the small lock at Altenbruch , mainly by the pumping station in Otterndorf instead. There is the water of Medem and its numerous tributaries, and the water of Hadler channel, a part of the Elbe-Weser navigation path , pumped into the Elbe. Prior to this, especially the Sietland, which lies up to 0.8 m below sea level, was chronically endangered by flooding.

The Land Hadeln is located in the Lower Elbe region . The proximity to the Elbe estuary and the North Sea bringing with it the danger that in the event of a dike breach at a storm tide , the area largely barely above sea level, would be flooded to a large extent. One possible scenario is in Article Glameyer stack described.

Traditionally, there is agricultural use, with grassland and dairy farming on the Geest and Sietland, with agriculture and fruit farming in the highlands.

Following the closure of the cement plant in Hemmoor the already small proportion of jobs in the industry has continued to decline. Many workers commute therefore in the ports of Cuxhaven , Bremerhaven and Stade . The economic importance of tourism , especially in the beach areas of Otterndorf and the Moor Edge lakes in Bad Bederkesa , on the other hand continues to grow.

History [ Edit | Edit source ]

→ Main article : History of Hadeln and Wursten

Middle Ages [ Edit | Edit source ]

The first written mention Hadeln found the end of the 10th century in the Saxon tribal forecast at Widukind of Corvey . In other medieval chronicles the area is "where the ocean washes Saxony" Haduloha, or Hatheleria called. In 797 to Charlemagne in a campaign against the Saxons and Frisians have penetrated even as far as Hadeln.

During the Viking invasions of the 9th to 11th century Hadeln was part of the county Lesum . In the 10th century, the established Udonen as counts of Heilangaus , better known under the name later county Stade . 1063 sold the Udonen their imperial immediacy to the Archbishopric of Bremen , but remained as its vassals continue immediate sovereigns. Around 1100, the opening up of the marshland started by Holler law . With the increase of cultivated land and population Hadeln was separated as a county of the county Stade that after death Graf Rudolf II. For dispute between the archbishop Hartwig I. from Bremen and Henry the Lion was, who won first. After falling out of the Guelph Duke with Frederick Barbarossa and his deposition by the Emperor forgave this dukedom for eastern Saxony the Askanier . Archbishop of Bremem at the time was Henry partisan Hartwig II. After the death of the son of Henry the Lion, Henry V , the county Stade fell back to the archdiocese. Inzwisch self-government formed of mayor and aldermen Hadeln was strengthened and accepted instead the 1210/11 askanischen Duke Bernhard III. As landlords.

Thereafter, the Land Hadeln formed a largely independent peasant republic under the loose sovereignty of the Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg . At each change of government, the Hadler had their liberties and privileges on the Warning Sacker between Otterndorf and Altenbruch reaffirm. Unlike the neighboring Wursten were in the country Hadeln but also the monastery Neuenwalde and local noble families acquire land without, however, to gain greater political influence in the country.

After 1393 the Ritzebuettel Castle of the Lappes at Hamburg had fallen, took the influence of the Hanseatic city with establishment of the Office Ritzebuettel (today Cuxhaven ) 1394 in Land Hadeln to. In Otterndorf , which had in 1400 received the city rights, and where early a Latin school is to provide evidence that Hamburger helped with the reconstruction of the castle, which had been destroyed by the Bremen Archbishop, and from 1407 to 1481, the country was even hamburgischem pledge possession. When the Hamburgers attempted to monopolize wheat exports, however, there was an uprising in 1456. After the conflict emanated draw, you finally came to a lasting compromise solution between the powers of the grand bailiff, or Gräfen in Otterndorf, and the other self-management of Hadler stands .

Peasant wars and Reformation [ Edit | Edit source ]

When Duke John IV. Of Sachsen-Lauenburg the Land Hadeln could finally trigger from the Hamburg pledge possession, he tried in 1484 his old claims on the neighboring bailiwick Bederkesa and Wursten militarily enforce, but failed miserably. His successor, Duke Magnus suffered a heavy defeat in 1499 against the military Wurster. After the first war of conquest of the Bremen Archbishop Christoph von Braunschweig-Lüneburg against Wursten, also the Hadler 1518 participate in the following rebellion and sacked the archbishop's office Neuhaus . After the final subjugation of the Wurster in 1524, however, the Hadlers also suffered from the reprisals of the archbishops' war slaves.

Around the same time took the Protestantism in Land Hadeln increasingly foot. Due to its hardness, ruthlessness and greed not only Archbishop Christoph had lost prestige and credibility, but also the dean of Hadeln-Wursten. After prolonged maneuvering succeeded in Hadlern, with the backing of Duke Magnus, from 1526 gradually all released preacher positions to be filled with Protestants, and in 1535 a private Hadler Church Court (Consistory) was established in Otterndorf, which from now on the right of patronage was coming.

Duke Magnus' successor led in 1543 the transcript of Hadler Landrechts . After abandoning all claims to Bederkesa, Lehe, and the Landwurst in 1567, the land of Hadeln remained, except for a brief intermezzo between 1581 and 1585, a Lauenburg exclave, largely surrounded by archbishops. In this way the country Hadeln had survived the phase of the military subjugation of the free marches by the territorial rulers and could maintain its constitution and many of its mediaeval privileges until far into the modern age.

The end of the reign askanischen [ Edit | Edit source ]

During the Thirty Years' War and the Land Hadeln suffered the crew of Danes, Imperial and Sweden. 1631 and 1632 the Hadler Landwehr participated on the part of Sweden to the successful fight against the Catholic League . But even after 1648 the bishopric of Bremen had been secularized and fallen to Sweden, the land of Hadeln remained lauenburgian. Also during the following conflicts between Denmark and Sweden for supremacy in northern Europe in the First Northern War (1655-1660), the left Hadler Scores continue to self-defense by the Landwehr.

With the death of the Duke Julius Franz was extinguished in 1689, the askanische House of Saxe-Lauenburg, and the Duchy came together with the Land Hadeln as a completed fief under direct imperial sovereignty and administration. During the Second Northern War (1700-1721) the Hadler supported in 1715 the Swedish protective guard and the Imperial or against any attempt to conquer the allies Denmark electoral Hanover . As a result, however, the resentment increased over the permanent presence of foreign, Catholic soldiers in the country. When Emperor Charles VI. In 1731 Hadeln handed over to Kurhannover, this was done with the approval of Hadler, for their self-administration remained largely untouched.

Hannoversche domination and "French period" [ Edit | Edit source ]

During the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), the opposed Hadler Scores of multiple conscription of soldiers, citing their ancient privileges. It was not until the end of the war that a break was imposed by a Hanoverian regiment for the first time. During the Napoleonic Wars , however (1792-1797 and 1798-1802) against revolutionary France recruitments could be bypassed again.

At the beginning of the Napoleonic wars occurred from 1801 to 1805 to several appointments in the military weak electoral Hanover, alternately by Prussia, France and Prussia again. From 1806, the French built the continental blockade against England, and in 1810 finally the entire German coast was declared a part of the Empire France. The constitution of the country of Hadeln was overruled, and extensive exhi- bitions of soldiers and seafarers were made.

After the expulsion of the French, the Electorate of Hanover was enlarged in 1814 and raised to the Kingdom. The reconstituted land of Hadeln had its own deputy seat at the Hanover Assembly, after the constitutional reform of 1819 even a second. Unlike the conservative knighthood , the dominant representatives of the free rural landowners who Hadler deputies representing almost always a liberal position. For this reason, the violation of the Constitution of 1837 by called Ernst August of Hanover caused outrage especially in the contract believing Hadlern. The planned merging of the country of Hadeln with the duchies of Bremen and Verden was then rejected by the Hadlers.

While after the March revolution of 1848, the general discontent with the government in Hanover was still going on, special arrangements were removed by several legislative reforms many Hadler, and 1855, there was a renewed breach of the constitution. On the other hand by the Chausseebau and construction of about the same time Hadler channel laid the foundations for further economic development of the country Hadeln. During the German-Danish War of 1864, however, proved once again the military helplessness of the Kingdom. When Hannover was finally annexed by Prussia in 1866, the populace hardly encountered any contradiction. In 1879 the Prussian administration of justice took the Hadler Kirchspielsgerichte a large part of their remaining tasks. 1884 were Hadler stands dissolved, in 1885 the consistory (church court). The last remnants of Hadler's self-administration were put to an end, but some police functions of the Hadler parishioners continued to persist until the Prussian circular reform of 1932.

Culture [ Edit | Edit source ]

Bauer crest at St. Jacobi Church in Lüdingworth, over the crest of the sovereigns Franz II. Of Saxony, Engern and Westphalia (Lauenburg) . Abbreviated inscription: V. [on] G. [ottes] G. [naden] F. [ranz] H. [erzog] Z. [u] S. [achsen,] E. [ngern] U. [nd] W . [Estfalen]

The well-to-do marsh farmers were particularly distinguished by their distinct independence. They led their own family crest , ate separately from the household, and often talked tutor for their children. Farmers with a completed university degree were not uncommon. Johann Heinrich Voss (1751-1826) translated in his time as rector of the Otterndorfer Latin School (1778-1782), the Odyssey into German.

The richly decorated churches, " Bauer Dome ", are known for their sophisticated carvings and the famous organs, for example, students Arp Schnitger (1648-1719). Typical of the Elbmarschen are the great, now rarely thatched farmhouses of red brick, with white half-timbered .

Typical half-timbered houses in Nordleda

As in the march also wheat grows well, were, unlike in most parts of northern Germany, also boiled dumplings ( " Klüten ") to the basic food. Specialty are the hochzeitssuppe deep-fat fried " Brunklüten " at Christmas time, and the " Guelph pudding ".

Among the most prominent of Hadlern Arabia researcher belongs Carsten Niebuhr (1733-1815), a farmer's son from Lüdingworth . The first Prime Minister of Lower Saxony, Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf (1893-1961) was the son of a farmer in Neuenkirchen born in Otterndorf. The musicologist and music educator Hermann Rough (* 1930) comes from Wanna .