A GENEALOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE FIRST SETTLERS OF NEW ENGLAND, Showing Three Generations of Those Who Came Before May 1692, on the Basis of Farmer's Register, by James Savage, Vol IV, Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1862, repr. Baltimore Genealogical Publishing Co., 1965 p 646 WOODWARD, HENRY, Dorchester 1639, came, says Clapp, in his careful Hist of Dorchester, p 141 in the James, Capt Taylor in the summer of 1635 with Richard Mather and he calls him a physician. He had there, Experience; Freedom, bapt 1642; Thankful; and John; rem 1659 to Northampton with those ch and the mo Eliz there was one of the founders of the first ch and had been an early mem at D. He was k by accid at the grist-mill 7 Apr 1685, and next mo the wid made her will tho she d not bef 13 Aug 1690. Of her s she says "has been a dutif and well carriaged s to me all my life." Experience m 21 Nov 1661 Medad Pomeroy; Freedom m 18 Nov 1662, Jedediah Strong; and Thankful m 18 Dec 1662, John Taylor; all of Northampton. Torrey's Marriages Last NameFirst NameRecordOrg. Seq. WOODWARD Henry Henry (?1607-) & Elizabeth [MATHER?] (-1690); by 1642; Dorchester/Northampton/Deerfield {Stevens-Miller 396, 400; McIntire Anc. 332; Roosevelt Anc. 152; Warner-Harrington 647, 658; Keeler-Wood 250; Dawes-Gates 2:841; Holbrook Anc. (1942) 32; Dewey 717; Belden (1898) 240; Bissell Anc. 84; Booth (1910) 39; Bosworth 418; Coe-Ward 91; Dorchester Ch. Rec. 38; Deerfield 262; Watertown 667; Beecher-Bullard 119; *Strong 735-6; Ludington-Saltus 225-6; Flagg Anc. 177, 210; Cross Anc. 112-3; Bos. Trans. 5 Jan 1927, 2497} From THE PIONEERS OF MASSACHUSETTS: A DESCRIPTIVE LIST, Drawn from Records of the Colonies, Towns and Churches and other Contemporaneous Documents, by Charles Henry Pope, pastor First Church, Charlestown, Boston, compiler of the Dorchester Pope Family, the Cheney Genealogy, etc., Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1965. Originally published Boston 1900. p 513 WOODWARD Henry, husbandman, Dorchester, memb chh frm May 10, 1643; propr With wife Elizabeth sold land 10 (9) 1659. [Reg IX 301]. From HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF NORTHFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, FOR 150 YEARS, with an Account of the prior to occupation of the territory by the Squakheags: and with Family Genealogies by J. H. Temple and George Sheldon, Albany NY: Joel Munsell, 82 State St., 1875. p 566 WOODWARD, Henry; from England in the "James," Capt. Taylor, 1635; Dorchester, 1639; Northampton, 1659, where he was one of the founders of the church; killed by lightening, April 7, 1683. wife and children listed. From Clyde M. Senger, Compiled Sep 1984, Oct 1985, April 1991, http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~sengercm/woodward.html landed 16 or 17 Aug 1635 at Dorchester. Lived in Dorchester 1639/1638, removed to Northampton, MA 1659 or 1658; Freeman 10 May 1643. Occupation: Physician. Will dated May 1685 Hartford Times 9 Jul 1962 #C6999-(2) W.W.H. April 23, 1962 WOODWARD. Savage's Dictionary: NEH&G Reg.: Bond's "History of Watertown; Goodwin's Genealogy and Notes, and others. Henry Woodard, said to have been bapt. in England, Mar 22, 1607; came to New England in "Little James" 1630. His 2nd wife was Elizabeth Mather, dau of Thomas and Margaret -- Mather and sister of the Rev. Richard Mather, born 1596, who also came on the "Little James." The Mather family came from Parish of Winwick, Lancashire, England. Henry Woodward was a physician. He died accidentally at gristmill at Northampton, Mass. 7 Apr 1685; was at Dorchester 1635, at Northampton 1658; one of the founders of the church there. Hartford Times genealogical column 30 Jul 1962 C-6999 (2) 23 Apr 1962 He married Dorchester Mass 1640 Elizabeth (possibly Mather or Cundliffe); she died Northampton Aug 13, 1690, ESW Ref Bonds Watertown, History of Dorchester, Mass., History of Northampton, History of Torrington Conn., Thomas Woodward born 1631 married at Childwall parish Lancashire England 22 May 1592 Elizabeth Tyson. LDS IGI microfiche England, Lancashire, #B0409 and other, dated 1988 Henry Woodward son of Thomas Woodward and Elizabeth Tysen, born 22 May 1607, Much Woolton #8612605-47 Henry Woodward c Thomas Woodward and Elizabeth Tynen 22 Mar 1607 Childwall ... #7511338-53 Henry Woodward married Elizabeth 4 Sep 1639 #8612605-53 (I found no indication of an Elizabeth Tyrer, Tysen, or Tynen birth in the appropriate IGI. There were many TYRER at Aughton by Ormskirk. I also looked under Tyser - referred to Tisser, Tyner referred to Tynner, Tynen referred to Tynan, Tyson, and Tyxen) Thomas Woodward married Elizabeth Tyrer 28 May 1592, Childwall, All Saints #A4576523-2189 (found no entry for birth of Thomas) From Clapp's HISTORY OF DORCHESTER, p. 141 Arrived in the James in the summer of 1635 with Capt. Taylor with Richard Mather, and he calls him a physician. [barnes6-4-2004.FTW] From http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~sengercm/woodward.html Notes on Henry and Elizabeth WOODWARD of Masachusetts and Some Ancestors by Clyde M. Senger, Compiled Sept. 1984, ril 1991 Dorchester, MA 1639, 1638, or 1635. Also in Northampton and Deerfield. born ca 1601 Childwall, Lancashire, England. baptized 22 Mar 1607 Much Woolton twp, Parish of Childwall. Died in Northampton, MA in an accident in a grist mill, by lightning or by Indians or mill wheel. Arrived ship James with Capt Taylor or landed 16 Aug 1635 at Dorchester or 17 Aug or on Little James 1630. Lived Dorchester 1639 or 1638, removed to Northampton MA 1659. Freeman 10 May 1643. Occupation: A physician Married 4 Sept 1639 or 13 Aug 1640 Dorechester MA or 4 Sept 1638 Northumberland. Came to New England in "Little James" 1630. His 2nd wife was Elizabeth Mather, dau of Thomas and Margaret Mather and sister of the Rev. Richard Mather, born 1596, who also came on the "Little James". The Mather family came from Parish of Winwick, Lancashire, Eng. Henry Woodward was a physician. He died accidentally at gristmill at Northampton, Mass. Apr 7, 1685, was at Dochester 1635, at Northampton 1658; one of founders of church there. He came to America from Much Worten, Lancster, England, in the summer of 1635, on the ship James, sailed by Capt. Taylor. He was accompanied by Rev. Richard Mather's company. The James landed at Dorchester, Suffolk, MA, on Aug 16, 1635. HENRY was a physician and was licensed to sell wines and liquors. He settled in Dorchester, MA, and was living there in 1639. He moved to Northampton, Hampshire, MA, in 1659. He and his family were early members of the church in Dorchester, and were among the founders of the first church in Northampton. He was one of the "Seven pillars" of this church. From GENEALOGICAL AND FAMILY HISTORY of the STATE OF CONNECTICUT: A Record of the Achievements of her People in the Making of a Commonwealth and the Founding of a Nation, ed. William Richard Cutter, Edward Henry Clement, Samuel Hart, Mary Kingsbury Talcott, Frederick Bostwick, Ezra Scollay Stearns, vol III, New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1911 (II) HENRY, son of Thomas Woodward, was born in England, March 22, 1607. He came to America in the company that followed Rev. Richard Mather. They landed at Dorchester, Massachusetts, from the ship "James," Captain Taylor, August 16, 1635. He remained there until 1660, when he went to Northampton at the time the church was founded there. He became one of the "seven pillars" of this church. He died April 7, 1685, from an accident in a grist-mill. His wife, Elizabeth, died Augusgt 13, 1690. Children: Experience, married Medad Pomeroy; Freedom, baptized 1642, married Jedediah Strong; Thankful, married John Taylor; John. From p 210 g 55 Henry Woodward of Dorchester and Northampton, Mass. bap. at Childwell Parish, March 22, 1607; son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Tynen) Woodward of North Woolton, about five miles south of Liverpool. m.Elizabeth d. April 7, 1685. Reg. of Deaths at Northampton (N.E. Reg, 3, p. 399.) According to Clapp, he came in the "James," in the summer of 1635, with Richard Mather, and is said by him to have been a physician. He was of Dorchester; husbandman, member of the church as early as 1639; Freeman, May 10, 1643 and Proprietor of Dorchester. He removed to Northampton, where he became one of the "seven pillars" of the church. He signed the church covenant there, June 18, 1681 with John Ingersoll and John Lyman. He was Commissioner, Townsman, 1667 with John Lyman. Quartermaster of the Hampshire Troops in 1663; member of the first Board of Tithingmen. In 1665, the county authorities arranged with him to entertain the Court, in consequence of which he was granted leave to sell liquor and keep an ordinary. He built a grist mill where he was killed by accident in 1685, being struck by the mill wheel, according to Clapp. He was a man of force and character and much in the public service. Although an excellent business man, he was perhaps illiterate for he signed his name with a cross. His coming to Northampton was regarded as a great acquisition for the town. March 26, 1661, he with John Lyman served on the jury, Mr. John Webster, being one of the four Magistrates. His three daughters married prominent men. --------- Worcester Co. Mass. Gens., I, p. 181; Pomeroy Family History, pp 140-1; The Woodward Family, Chamberlin MS. in N.Y. Pub. Lib.; Savage, 4, p. 644; History of Dorchester, Clapp p. 141. Trumbull thought he came to Northampton early in 1659 and says he had here at that time 12 acres in his house lot and 46 acres of meadow land. (Hist. of Northampton, vol. I, p. 80). bt in a deed dated Nov. 10, 1659, he is still called of Dorchester, "husbandman," N.E. Reg., 9, p. 301. NEHGS REGISTER 1855 P 301 A Deed from Henry Woodward, of Dorchetser, husbandman, to William Sumner, of 8 acres of land, in Dorchester. Consideration L14.. Dated 10 Nov 1659. Witnessed by Roger Clap, Hopestill Foster, William Blake. Acknowledged by Henry Woodward & Elizabeth, his wife, before Humphrey Atherton, 14 (9) 1659. NEHGS REGISTER p 100 Ancesgtry of th... BIO at familysearch Henry Woodward - tithing man taken from the "Dawes-Gates Ancestral Lines" vol. II, p. 851-858 by Mary Walton Ferris County Lancaster, England, five miles south of Liverpool. He was christened at Childwall Parish in County Lancaster on March 22, 1607. He came to New England in the ship James, Captain Taylor, Master. They left England on June 22, 1635, having embarked at Bristol on May 23rd. There were about one hundred other passengers on board, including Henry’s future wife, Elizabeth Mather, her brother, the Reverend Richard Mather, and the Reverend Richard Denton. Although all the passengers were on board, the departure of the ship was delayed for a month, and after a long voyage of fifty-five days, they landed in Boston on August 17th, following. Two days before they landed, an exceedingly severe storm arose. The James lay at anchor off the Isles of Shoals and the ship Angel Gabriel, which had kept the James company for about two weeks, but had become separated, was off Pemaquid, Maine at the time. On August 15th, the James was torn from her anchors and obliged to put to sea, but after two days of terrible battling with the storm and wave, she reached the harbor with “her sails sent in sunder, and split in pieces, as if they had been rotten ragges.” The Angel Gabriel became a total wreck; passengers, cattle and goods were all cast upon the angry waves and several lives were lost. Henry’s soon to be brother-in-law, the Reverence Richard Mather, kept a journal describing the voyage. Much of it reads as follows. “We were yt set sayle together yt morning five shippes, three bound for Newfoundland, viz: the Diligence, a ship of 150 tunne, the Mary, a small ship of 80 tunne, and the Bess (or Elizabeth), and two bound for New England, viz: The Angel Gabriel, of 240 tunne, the James, of 220 tunne. On the evening of Tuesday, June 23, they lost sight of the 3 ships bound for Newfoundland, but the master of the James thought it best to stay for the Angel Gabriel, being bound for New England as wee were, rather than to leave her and go with the other three. The Angel Gabriel is a strong ship & well furnished with fourteene or sixteene pieces of ordnance, and therefore our seamen rather desired her company; but she is slow in sailing, and therefore wee went sometimes with three sayles less than wee. In the afternoon, June 29, Captayne Taylor went on board ye Angel, ant took might have done, yt so we might not overgoe her. Mathew Michel & mee along with him. Wee found that there had been much seasickness on the Angel Gabriel and two cases of small pockes well recovered again. Wee were intreated to say supp, there with their Master, &c., and had good cheese, mutton boyled & rosted, rosted turkey, good sacke, &c. Saturday, July 4, 1635. This day ye sea was very rough, and we saw ye truth of yt Scripture, Ps. cvii. Some were very seasicke, but none could stand or go upon ye decke because of the tossing & tumbling of the ship. This day we lost sight of the Angel sayling slowly behind us, and we never saw her again any more. August 14th. But ys evening by moone light about 10 of ye clocke wee came to ancre at ye iles of Shoales which are 7 or 8 Ilands, and other great rockes, and were slept sweetely yt night till breake of day. August 15. But yet ye Lord hath not done with us, nor yet had let us see all his power, and goodnesse which he would have us take knowledge of; and therefore on Saturday morning about breake of day, ye Lord sent forth a most terrible storme of raine and easterly wind, whereby wee were inasmuch danger as I thinke ever people were; for wee lost in yt morning three great ancres & cables; of wch cables, one having cost 50£ never had beene in any water before, two were broken by ye violence of ye waves and ye third cut by ye seamen in extremity and distress, to save ye ship and their & our lives, and wn or cables and ancres were all lost, wee had no outward means of deliverance but by loosing sayle, if so be we might get to ye sea from amongst ye Ilands & rocks where wee ancred; but ye Lord let us see yt or sayles could not save us neither, no more yn or cables & ancres; for by ye force of ye wind & raine ye sayles were rent in sunder & split in pieces, as if they had beene but rotten ragges, so yt of ye fore sayle and sprissle-sayle there was scarce left so much as an hand breadth, yt was not rent in pieces, and blown away into ye sea. So that at ys time all hope yt wee should be saved in regard to any outward appearance was utterly taken away, and ye rather because wee seemed to drive with full force of wind and rayne directly upon a mighty rocke standing out in sight above ye water, so yt wee did but continually wayte, when wee should heavve and feele ye dolefull rushing and crushing of ye ship upon ye rocke. In ye extremity and appearance of death, as distress distraction would suffer us wee cryed unto ye Lord and he was pleased to have compassion and pity upon us; for by his overruling providence & his own immediate good hand, he guided ye ship past ye rocke, asswaged ye violence of ye sea, and ye wind and raine & gave us a little respite to fit ye ship with other sayles, and sent us a fresh gale of wind...by wch wee went on yt day in or course south west & by west towards Cape Anne. It was a day much to bee remembered, because on yt day ye Lord granted us as wonderful a deliverance as I thinke ever people had, out of as apparent danger as I thinke ever people felt. I am sure or seamen confessed they never knew ye like. The Lord so imprint ye memory of it on or hearts yt wee may bee ye better for it, & bee more carefull to please him and to walk uprightly before him as long as wee live; and I hope wee shall not forget ye passages of yt morning untill or dying day. When newes was brought unto us in to ye gun roome yt ye danger was past, oh how or hearts did then relent and melt within us! And how we burst into teares of joy amongst or selves, in love unto or gracious God, and admiration of his kindnesse in granting to his poore servants such an extraordinary and miraculous deliverance. His holy name be blessed forever. August 16. This day wee went on towards Cape Anne, as ye wind would suffer, & our poore sayles further, and came within sight thereof ye other morning; which Sabbath being ye 13 wee kept on ship-board, was a marveylous pleasant-day, for a fresh gale of wind, & cleare sunshine weather. This day wee went directly before ye wind, and had delight all along ye coast as wee went, in viewing Cape Anne, ye bay of Saugust, ye bay of Salem, Marvilhead, Pullin point, and other places; and came to ancre at low tide in ye at Nantascot, in a most pleasant harbor, like to such I had never seene, amongst a great many Ilands on every side. I was exercised on shipboard both ends of ye day. After ye evening exercise, when it was flowing tide againe, wee set sayle, and came yt night to ancre againe before Boston and so rested ye night with glad & thankfull hearts yt God had put an end to or long journey, being 1000 leagues, yt 3000 miles English, over one of ye greatest seas in ye world. Now ys or journey by ye goodnesse of or God, was very prosperous unto us every manner of way. First of all it was very safe and healthful to us; for tho: wee were in ye ship 100 passengers, besides 23 seamen, & 23 cowes and heyfers, 3 suckling calves & eight mares, yet not one of all these dyed by ye way, neither person nor cattel, but came all alive to land, and many of the cat tell in better liking yn when wee first entered ye ship; and most of ye passengers is as good health as ever and none better yn myne owne family, and my weake wife & little Joseph as well as any other. Fevers, calentures, small pockes & such diseases as have afflicted other passengers ye Lord kept from among us, and put upon us no griefe in or bodyes, but a little seasicknesse in ye beginning of ye voyage; saving yt 2 or 3 seamen had ye flux, and Rich Beacon lost his right hand in ye last storme, and one woman and a little child of hers, towards the end of the journey, had ye scurvey, the means of which infirmity in her wee all conceyved to bee ye want of walking and stirring of her body upon ye decke; her manner being to sit much between ye deckes upon her bed, and a special means of healthfulnesse of ye passengers by ye blessing of God wee all conceyved to be much walking in ye open aire, and ye comfortable variety of or food; for seeing wee were not tied to ye ships diet, but did victuall or selves, we had no want of good and whole some beere & bread; and as or land-stomachs grew weary of ship diet, of salt fish & salt beefe and ye like, wee had liberty to change for other food which might sort better with or healthe and stomaches; and therefore sometimes wee used bacon & buttered pease, sometimes buttered bag-pudding made with curaynes and raisins, and sometimes drinke pottage of beere and Oat Meale and sometimes water pottage well buttered. And tho; we had two stormes by ye way, ye one upon Munday ye 3d of August ye other on Saturday ye 15th of ye same, yet or gracious God (blessed and forever blessed bee his name) did save us all alive in ym both & speedily assuaged ym againe. Indeed ye latter of ym was very terrible and grievous, insomuch yt wn wee came to land wee found many mighty trees rent in pieces in ye midst of ye bole and others turned up by ye rootes by ye fiercenesse therof; and a barke going from ye bay to Marvilhead, with planters & seamen therein to ye number of about 23, was cast away in ye storme, and all ye people therein perished, except one man & his wife, that were spared to report ye newes. And ye Angel Gabriel being yn at ancre at Pemmaquid, was burst in pieces and cast away in ye storme, and most of ye cattell and other goodes, with one seaman & 3 or 4 passengers did also perish away in ye storme, and most of ye cattell & goods, were all preserved alive. The Lord’s name be blessed for ever. 2ly. It was very delightful while wee tooke pleasure & instruction in beholding ye workes & wonders of ye Almighty in ye deepe; ye sea sometimes being rough with mighty mountaynes and deepe valleys, some times again plaine & smooth like a levell meadow, and sometimes painted with variety of yellow weedes; besides it was a pleasant thing to behold ye variety of fowles & mighty fishes swimming and living in ye waters. 3ly. It was comfortable to us, by meanes of ye fellowship of divers godly christians in ye ship & by meanes of or constant serving of God morning & evening every day, ye daily duties being performed one day by Mr. Maud, another by my selfe, and ye Sabbath exercises divided (for ye most part) equally betwixt us two. True it is or journey was some what long; for tho’ from Munday ye 2nd of June, wee lost sight of our ould English coast, untill Saturday ye 8th of August wn wee made land againe at Menhiggin, it was but six weekes & 5 dayes, on Munday ye 17th of August, it was 12 weeks & 2 days. For wee lay at ancre in King Roade 11 days before wee even set sayle, & 3 dayes at Lundy, & 12 dayes at Milford, and spent 3 days in tacking betweene King Roade & Lundy, one day between Lundy & Milford, and 8 dayes betweene Menhiggin & Boston. Nevertheless or God preserved us all ye while, and wee had opportunity by these often delayes to take in more haye, aotes & frech water, and arrived in a good condition. Agayne let our gracious God be blessed forever. Amen.” Henry was called a physician. He became a member of the Dorchester Church as early as 1639 and a freeman on May 10, 1643. One form of public service which Henry rendered is shown in the report that “at a meeting of selectmen 12:4:1657 Thos. Bird brought a note from Henry Woodward, Constable, and demanded twenty shillings for a wolf that his son Samuel Greenway killed within our bounds the 5:1:5 which we do order that they shall be paid the next town rate.” In pursuance of a grant made on October 18, 1659 by the General Court of Boston, the selectmen of Dorchester, on November 14th following, “impowered William Clarke and Henry Woodward to serch and stake out a Farme of 1000 acres of land. ..for the vse of a scoole.” Calling himself “husbandman” of Dorchester, Henry deeded eight acres to William Sumner on November 10, 1659. The sale was preliminary to his removal to Northampton, where he had received generous land grants the previous June. The standing of Henry in his new home is seen by the fact that he, along with William Clarke, were each awarded twelve acres home lots, side by side, which were larger than any of the other residents. They also received one hundred acres of meadow each. These two men, with four others who came at about the same time, brought new life and energy to the enfeebled town. Their coming was like the infusion of new blood into the veins of an exhausted patient. From the day of their arrival, these men took a leading part in the management of town affairs. Their energy, independence and public spirit soon wrought a marked improvement. All of them were at once put into the harness, and from this date, the advance of the settlement was steady and vigorous. Though church services had been held regularly, there had been no religious organization at Northampton until June 1661 when the Reverend Eleazer Mather, who had come from Dorchester, was ordained and a church organization was brought into being. The original seven members, with the Reverend Mr. Mather, were called the “Pillars of the Church,” but the term in this case appears to have been complimentary and honorary rather than official. In 1663, the Hampshire Troop of Horse was formed and Henry was chosen its Quarter Master. “A troop of horse was not to exceed 70 soldiers. Each trooper was to have a good horse, saddle, bridle, holsters, pistol or carbine and a sword. A troop had a Captain, Lieutenant, Cornet, Quartermaster, Clerk, Trumpeter and Corporals. Each trooper was obliged to keep a good horse at all times and was allowed by the Colony 5s a year.” The Court, however, permitted the Hampshire troop to be organized only temporarily with 36 men. In 1665, the county authorities made arrangements with Henry for him to keep an employee to sell wines and liquor. He was also to entertain the Court which met in the town and sell alcoholic beverages in his tavern, which was situated a short distance east of the present location of Smith College Hall of Music. His incumbency as tavern-keeper continued unti11681. In 1668, he was among those who signed the petition to the General Court protesting against imposts. In 1672/73, he contributed eight pounds of flax to Harvard College. Also that year, he took the oath of allegiance. He was a commissioner several times, served as selectman, constable and was a member of the first and subsequent tithing boards in Northampton. Long before the Puritans crossed the sea, the office of tithing-man was established in England, but it seems not to have been immediately recognized in the colonies. The first general law of this character in Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the one which may be considered the foundation of all similar enactments, was passed in October 1654. “Much disorder in tyme of publicke ordinances, in the meeting howses...through vnreuerent carriage and behaviour of diuers young psons and others,” was the reason assigned for its passage, and at that period it had no historic connection with the collection or gift of tithes. Certain men were appointed conjointly by the, “officers of the congregation and the selectmen,” who were to see that Sunday disturbances were properly punished. They had cognizance, not only of any disorder in the congregation, but “elsewhere near about the meeting house” and indeed had responsibility and a certain control of family life and of the morals of the neighborhood. First they were to use moral suasion and afterwards the magistrates were to take the culprits in hand. No title was applied to them at this time, but they were the first persons empowered “to prvent pphanation of ye Sabboath in ye meeting howse.” From this beginning was the full-fledged tithing man, Sabbath constable, or in the finer sense, “Town Father” evolved. In Northampton, they were first called tithing men in 1678 when Henry Woodward was appointed. His official status was “elective, patriarchal headship over a neighborhood of at least ten families” and included regulation of the Sunday congregation and prevention of mischievous boys and girls from making a disturbance. “He tapped the whispering urchin on the head, jogged the snoring deacon, tortured the ear of the somnolent female, or if the culprit was too distant, rapped sharply on the pew rail, pointing his black rod at the offender. The law required the tithing-man to have a two foot long black staff, tipped at one end with brass about three inches as a badge of office.” In early times, it is said that the “tithing-man’s rod was tipped at one end with a squirrel’s tail This end was used in awakening women. The other end was fitted with a deer's hoof, which carried a sharp conviction to men and boys.” Frequently, two or three tithing-men served simultaneously, one standing at each door during Sunday services to keep dogs out. One sat in the gallery to keep the boys in. “They were not merely to preserve the order in the meeting, but also to see to it that everyone went to church.” In other words, they were ecclesiastical police. “After looking over the congregation to find if any seats were vacant, the tithing-men would steal out and explore the horse sheds, the adjoining fields and orchards, the inns and ordinaries, and even the houses of the village, looking for skulkers from divine service.” In 1679, the law was amended to say, “and the said tything men are required to diligently inspect all houses, licensed or vnlicensed, where they shall haue notice or haue ground to suspect that any person or persons doe spend their time or estates, by night or by day, in tipling or gambling, or otherwise vnproffitably, or doe sell by retayle, wthin doores or wthout, strong drinke, wine, ale, cidar, rumm, brandey, perry, matheglin, & wthout license.” They were also empowered to enter and search all such houses for liquor, to seize the same an report the names of the owners to the magistrates for punishment; to inspect the manners of all disorderly persons, and if they would not listen to admonition, the officers were to present their names to the magistrate, who would proceed against them; and to present also the names of all “stubborne and disorderly children and servants, night walkers, typlers, Saboath breakers, by night or by day, & such as absent themselues from the publicke worship of God on the Lords dayes, or whateuer the course or practice of any person or persons whatsoeuer tending to debauchery, irreligion, prophaness, & atheisme among us.” Here is the tithing-man fully equipped, clothed with certain powers that gave him rank second only to that of constables, but with a responsibility more intimate, since it pertained to the family and religious life of the community. He had in charge the morals of the community on weekdays as well as Sundays and was authorized to deliver to the authorities for punishment any transgressor, but with a fatherly, patriarchal oversight. The tithing-man was in the original conception of the office a person of no little consequence in the community and it was required by law that their “most prudent & discreet” men should be selected for that office. Henry Woodward was struck by lightning and killed on April 7, 1685 “at the upper grist mill.” His widow made her will the next month, but did not die until after August 13, 1690. The children of Henry and Elizabeth (Mather) Woodward, all born at Dorchester, were: Experience, b. (---); d. June 8, 1686; md. November 21, 1661, Medad Pomeroy. Freedom, chr. 1642; d. May 17,1681 at Northampton; md. Jedediah Strong. Thankful, b. about 1644; md. December 18, 1662, John Taylor. John, b. 1642/47; d. October 5, 1724 at Lebanon, Connecticut; md. May 18, 1671, Anna Dewey. Henry Woodward was the son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Tysen) Woodward of Much Woolton, County Lancaster, England, five miles south of Liverpool. He was christened at Childwall Parish in County Lancaster on March 22, 1607. He came to New England in the ship James, Captain Taylor, Master. They left England on June 22, 1635, having embarked at Bristol on May 23rd. There were about one hundred other passengers on board, including Henry’s future wife, Elizabeth Mather, her brother, the Reverend Richard Mather, and the Reverend Richard Denton. Although all the passengers were on board, the departure of the ship was delayed for a month, and after a long voyage of fifty-five days, they landed in Boston on August 17th, following.