Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gebhardt (abt. 1757 - 1825)

Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gebhardt (abt. 1757 - 1825)

Source- Wikitree- https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Gebhardt-440

Rev Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gebhardt

Born about 1757 in Mannheim, Germanymap

Son of Jan Willem Lodewyk Gebhardt and Johanna Magdalena Unknown

[sibling(s) unknown]

Husband of Sarah Anne Margaret (Payne) Gebhardt — married [date unknown] in Englandmap

Husband of Helena Catarina (Krúgel) Gebhardt — married 25 Aug 1811 in Stellenbosch, Cape Colonymap

[children unknown]

Died 12 Oct 1825 in Leeuwenfoet, Cape Town, South Africamap

Biography

Johann was born about 1757. He is the son of Jan Gebhardt and Johanna Unknown.

Sources

Cape Archives and Paarl Museum

A SAGA OF STORMS On the evening of September 10, 1822 the slave Joris had been flogged on Simonsvlei, the farm of the Reverend J.W.L.Gebhardt. He died during the night. Within sixty-six days Wilhelm Gebhardt, son of the owner, accused of murder forfeited his life by public execution in Cape Town at 10a.m. on November 15, 1822. Since then over the past 177 years journalists continue to investigate and publish articles in the media, while historians ponder the events leading up to the execution. In 1957, Lawrence G. Green, with the publication of, 'Beyond The City Lights', his eighteenth book in 24 years of writing, told, as he put it, 'The Story of the Western Province — the Towns and the Farms, the Life and the People, the Folklore and the Legends'. Listing the books written by the author from 1933 to 1956 the publishers, proudly prefaced the book, in 1957, with the following: Books listed above from 1933 to 1940 inclusive were published in London and are now out of print. All the others were published by Howard Timmins, 109, Long Street, Cape Town, and most of them are still available at good booksellers. Total sales of Lawrence Green's books published by Howard Timmins now approach 300,000 copies'. His remarkable success perhaps summed up best by Rand Daily Mail, "There is a Kiplingesque touch about his stories. Few books on Africa can have been crowded with more fascinating material". Lawrence Green in 'Beyond The City Lights' referred to the tragic events on Simonsvlei in 1822 and unleashed a 'Saga of Storms', the history of one family. He wrote: "Skulls and crossbones are engraved on a slate gravestone which you will find in a back room (today a prime exhibit) of the Huguenot Museum (Oude Pastorie, Paarl). A grim relic of a queer affair. The people most closely concerned lived in this pastorie, and I think they must have formed the unhappiest family ever to occupy that lovely home. The inscription on the gravestone states that J.W.L. Gebhardt junior, aged twentytwo, died on the fifteenth of November 1822. Here is a translation of the epitaph: Rest in peace, unhappy youth Your career was short and beset With the false paths of temptation There is little joy in this world And much suffering. By his faithful and Heart-broken brother and aunt Henry Gebhardt and Johanna Wolf (born Gebhardt) Gebhardt was convicted of murder and hanged. According to Paarl legend this was a miscarriage of justice brought about by a diabolical conspiracy. There is (or was in recent years) a gedenkboek or memorial manuscript in possession of a Paarl resident which gave a version of Gebhardt's secret, the untold story and details of the execution. Portions of this manuscript have been published from time to time, and the material certainly suggests a plot worthy of a tragic novel". Green records both legend and the findings of his own brief research and summing up, emphasized: 'Everyone who had done any serious historical research knows that when you go back to the source there are often queer discoveries to be made, and the mistakes of later years, due to ignorance and carelessness, are revealed under a white light'. The Reverend Johan Wilhelm Ludwig Gebhardt, the father of the unfortunate young man was born in Mannheim Germany in 1757. Seen within the context of historical events, Gebhardt Senior was an 18 year old, student in Heidelberg, Germany, when on April 18, 1775, 800 British Troops set off in darkness along the Concord Road. But the secret was out. One Paul Revere rode hard to Lexington to carry the warning. The British were denied help and the American War of Independence had begun. He would have learnt of the surrender of Yorktown on October 17, 1781 and the immediate and decisive effects it had in England. When at last peace came to America two years later Gebhardt Senior would be 26 years old. In 1789 he was 32 years old when in England the Whigs, and especially the Reformers and Radicals, had at first welcomed the French Revolution. They were soon to be repelled by its excesses. Such was the scene in Britain as the idea of world revolution gathered force in Paris. The unprovoked massacre of political prisoners by the new rulers of France in 1792 was a further shock to the faith of many would-be revolutionaries in the United Kingdom. The execution of the French king in January 1793 was a supreme act of defiance. On the last day of January 1793 the French Convention, with Danton's defiant speech in their ears, decreed annexation of Austrian Netherlands (Belgium) to the French Republic. The next day France declared war on Great Britain and Holland. Britain was to be at war for over 20 years. In 1800 the political situation in Britain was dominated by the passing of the Act of Union with Ireland. Irish Catholics and Protestants were at each other's throats. William Pitt decided that the complete union of the two kingdoms was the only solution. Union with Scotland had been a success. Why not with Ireland too? Here Pitt was to stumble upon the rock of conscience of a monarch now half-crazy. Unscrupulous backstairs influences, false colleagues within the Cabinet Council, pressed George Ill to stand by his coronation oath. Pitt had committed himself to the cause of Catholic freedom without extracting a written agreement from the King. When George refused his assent, on March 14, 1801, Pitt felt bound to resign. Now 44 years old, resident in England and married to Sarah Margaret Payne, the Reverend Johan Wilhelm Ludwig Gebhardt was serving in the Huguenot Church, London at the time of his eldest son Wilhelm's birth in 1801. Shortly after the birth of his second son, Henry, in 1804, he was appointed from London as Minister of the Walloon Church in Norwich. Records of French and other foreign Protestant refugees date from the mid-sixteenth century when churches and settlements were established. The main centres were at Canterbury, London, Norwich and South Hampton. In the same year William Pitt was recalled to power, as an enormous army was concentrated at the Channel ports for the invasion of England by France and Napoleon had himself crowned by the Pope as Emperor of the French. Records in The Huguenot Library, University College, London document the Reverend Gebhardt's appointment. Strangely noted with his names translated into French as follows, "Jean Guillaume Louis Gebhardt who came to this country from Heidelberg, he having a certificate from Monsieur Mercier, Minister of the French Church, London, was appointed pasteur of the Norwich Church, July 14, 1805". Three months later on the morning of October 19, 1805 a frigate signaled to Nelson's flagship "Enemy has their topsail yards hoisted". Nelson led his fleet to the southeast to cut off the enemy from the Straits, a hundred miles to the south of Norwich. At daybreak on the 21 st he saw from the quarterdeck of the Victory the battle line of the enemy, consisting of, an advance squadron of twelve Spanish ships under Admiral Gravina and twenty-one French ships of the line under Villeneuve. By the afternoon of October 21, 1805 eighteen enemy ships had surrendered and the others were in full retreat. Lord Viscount Nelson, K.B. and Commander-in-Chief died but victory was complete and final. Napoleon meanwhile was attracted to other fields. He struck at the European coalition raised against him by Pitt's diplomacy and subsidies. In August 1805 the camp at Boulogne broke up. The campaign that followed wrecked Pitt's hopes and schemes. Napoleon's star had once more triumphed and for England all was to do again. Pitt died in January 1806. In 1807 the Whigs fell. They were succeeded by a mixed Government, of Tory complexion, under the nominal leadership of the Duke of Portland. Active participation in the military and naval struggle for Europe had become the order of the day. In 1808, during the Second British Occupation (1806-1814) the Reverend Gebhardt was appointed by the British Government as Minister of the Paarl Drakenstein Dutch Reformed Congregation. He was to take up his post as the incumbent of the Thatched Roof Church in Paarl. All ecclesiastical appointments to the Cape at that time were controlled by The Crown. The wars with Napoleon raged on. On July 4, 1809 in the immense Battle of Wagram, nearly four hundred thousand men fought, and forty thousand fell. Austria submitted again to the conqueror's sword. The Peninsular War reached its zenith as on the afternoon of July 27, 1809 the armies engaged. The French were fifty thousand strong. Wellesley had twenty thousand British and twenty-four thousand Spaniards. The fighting quality of the British re-established, Sir Arthur Wellesley was raised to the peerage as Viscount Wellington. Strange but one historian in particular, Margaret Cairns, questioned the delay in arrival of the Reverend Gebhardt, however it seems clear that with the continued hostilities his departure had been delayed. The Huguenot Library records of the Walloon Church, Norwich that "on December 1, 1809 the Reverend Gebhardt resigned that charge having been selected as Minister of the Church at the Cape of Good Hope". The Reverend Gebhardt his wife Sarah and two young sons, nine year old, Wilhelm and six year old, Henry arrived at the Cape in early 1810 and took up residence in Paarl in what has become the Oude Pastorie Museum. Since Great Britain was to hold the Cape till 1814 only by conquest and not by treaty rights, the British Authorities during those years made as few changes as possible in the administration of the Cape Colony. The early Governors were able men and although reactionary in outlook were still fearful of all things French, but they had come to occupy a fortress and not to inaugurate a social revolution. Sir David Baird had been recalled as Governor of the Cape in 1807 and was succeeded by a civilian governor, du Pré Alexander, second Earl of Caledon, a young man of 29. In England the King's renewed madness provoked a fresh crisis. A change in the balance of power was skillfully averted. George, Prince of Wales, became Regent. On May 9, 181 1, at Paarl, Sarah Anne Margaret died. Gebhardt was widowed at the age of 54 with both little boys under 10 years of age. Caledon had been succeeded by Sir John Cradock, the first of a long line of military governors. Cradock, in April 1814, made way for the aristocratic Lord Charles Somerset. In the meantime the Reverend Gebhardt had married a widow Helena Roux, born Krugel. The family now lived on the farm Simonsvlei, some six miles distant from the Thatch Roofed Church at Paarl. Margaret Cairns makes the unkind, but unconfirmed report that his period of ministry was one of "deterioration and decline". Only the British Government could remove him, which was apparently not requested, and the unsatisfactory conditions continued, it is alleged, while he lived in comfort and ease on Simonsvlei. In 1822, the young Wilhelm, at twenty-one, was virtually in control of the practical side of the farming operations. A farm the size of Simonsvlei, namely 1451 morgen, the largest in the disrict, called for a considerable number of slaves for its economic success. The Government Gazette July 12, 1823 No. 913 Vol. XVIII contains the following notice: 'His Excellency the Governor has been pleased to appoint the Rev Mr. Herold, to be minister at the Paarl, vice the Reverend Mr. Gebhardt who retires. Cape of Good Hope 1 1 June 1823 By command of his excellency the Governor (signed) C. Bird, Sec. But not before tragedy struck. On September I l, 1822 a message was sent to the field cornet, by Gebhardt Senior, that "one of his slaves had been found dead in his bed". The following day September 12, 1822, the slave Bastiaan reported his version, of the death of the slave Joris at Simonsvlei, to the Landdrost, Daniel Jacobus van Ryneveld. The Landdrost van Ryneveld accompanied by two Heemraaden, Christopher Briers, Willem Wium, the head clerk JJG Liebenburg and the District Surgeon Dr. Robert Shand went to conduct a post-mortem examination at Simonsvlei. After an inquest at Stellenbosch the trial was held in Cape Town before the Court of Justice of the Cape Colony, represented by the Chief Justice, Sir John Truter, together with members of the Court, namely Willem Hiddingh LL.D., J.H. Nethling LL.D., D.O.J. Truter, P.R. Bresler, J.C.Fleck and D.F.Berranjé, three members were absent. The prosecutor was D.J. van Ryneveld, Landdrost of Stellenbosch, with Henry Cloete, later a judge, appearing for Gebhardt. A plea of not guilty was entered. While the proceedings of the trial will, as advised by Lawrence G. Green, be viewed under a white light, suffice here to say that the Court found the accused guilty and condemned him to death on September 21, a mere eleven days after the crime. To say that the Colony was stunned by the verdict would be a gross understatement. Lord Charles Somerset's actions in upholding the verdict of the Lower Court without delay and that he ordered the Court of Justice "forthwith carry into execution their aforesaid sentence" are indicative of the fact that his decision to do so was almost premeditated. It had been determined on from the moment that Gebhardt was found guilty. State Archives: Extract from Supplement Report: Government Gazette: November 1822 "Dr Phillip and Rev Mr. Wright were with Ludwig, on entering the wagon his step was firm and his countenance animated by the fervor of religion. Hymns in Dutch and English were sung until they arrived about 10 0'clock at the fatal spot. Soon after 10 members of the Court of Justice arrived and the singing of hymns continued, in which the prisoner joined. Just before he ascended the platform which he did without the least embarrassments, he requested leave to sing one other hymn alone, which he did in English with an un-dismayed voice and with a glowing countenance — he then addressed those who were present. 'I have but a few moments to live, I wish you may all receive the full benefit of my example, I acknowledge the justice of my sentence — may it's example not be lost upon you, I see you are much affected, but I call upon you in the language of our blessed saviour "weep not for me, but weep for yourselves", we are all weak sinful creatures, let him that standeth take heed lest he fall. I forgive all my prosecutors, and those who bare witness against me, I die in peace with all mankind and hope for salvation, only through the merits of Christ! May He wash you all from sin!' Soon after he was launched into eternity." That the Governor acted in the interests of political expediency was later reinforced in his letter to the Earl of Bathurst, Secretary of State for the Colonies, in London, dated February I, 1824. Somerset wrote: "The impression made by the execution of the son of the Rev. Mr. Gebhardt presented an opportunity not to be lost. I felt it and availed myself of it to declare in affirming as Judge of the Appeal Court the sentence passed by the court below on that individual, my intention of considering the condition and treatment of the slave population. Had I delayed, that impression might have worn off and I should have had to struggle with prejudices and feelings hostile to the humane object I was so anxious to attain and which Your Lordship, and His Mqjesty's Government have been so laudably employed" Precisely why this explanation was forthcoming or necessary some sixteen months after the event is not clear. What is pertinent is that it was made after the arrival in 1823 ofthe Commission of Inquiry into the conduct of his Governership and administration at the Cape. The trial, laid bare, in all respects, representations made in support of a stay of execution and the aftermath? Facts to ponder.

Leander's evidence Question- Did Bastiaan on the morning of the decease not ask you to got to Stellenbosch with him? Answer- Yes Question- Did Bastiaan not add thereto, that he had concerted with other people, to inform the death of Joris, in such manner that they would now get the prisoner offthe estate? Answer- He asked me to accompany him to Stellenbosch but I replied that I knew nothing of the flogging. He also expressed the young master must be off from the estate. John Pigott Whatney — widower of Helena's daughter Question-

Question- Answer- QuestionAnswer- What can you state respecting the general conduct of the prisoner and particularly respecting his direction of his father's estate? Subsequent to the marriage of old Gebhardt and his present wife I was not often on the estate. I certainly have met with the prisoner and found nothing improper in him. What can you state with respect to the slave Bastiaan? recollect in former times he was once discovered in the act of getting wine through a window, by means of a bamboo in which he succeeded. January was his accomplice. Do you know something with respect to the slave Joris? I do not know him. Jacob Isaac de Villers Question- Do you recollect having seen the slave Joris at the estate of Mr GabWerdt '? Yes. Question- Answer- Were you on that occasion not made acquainted with the cunning and obstinate manner which this slave dissembled, in order to avoid any work and punishment ? I was in conversation with old Gebhardt when a tailor came to him, having in his hand a jacket for Joris. Old Gebhardt then observed that on the preceding day a pair of trousers were made for Joris but it was already burnt and that Joris had assigned as the cause of it that the trousers having got wet; he had placed it before the fire to dry and that accidently it had got in flame. Old Gebhardt directed Joris to try the jacket on, which there were no buttons. Joris was to wait a while, in which meanwhile old Gebhardt told me, that some days before, Joris when at work had dissembled to be dead, but that from the motion of the pulse he only observed that he was alive, that he, old Gebhardt at about noon had directed him to be carried to the house where he had laid on the bed till the evening, when Joris had asked for some brandy, which was sent to him, he afterwards asked for some victuals and a piece of bread having been given to him he asked QuestionAnswer- Question- Answer- QuestionAnswer- whether he was to have bread only where old Gebhardt sent word he must come to him for other things, when he actually came with an iron pot and fetched some victuals. All of which old Gebhardt told me in the presence of Joris and asked him whether he did recollect that he had dissembled to be dead — to which Joris made no reply but laughed, to which old Gebhardt replied that in future should he make a dissemble he would take it up for madness. Did Joris appear healthy and of a strong constitution? No — he was not worth a two pence for me he was nothing in his work. What do you know of the prisoner He is an honest man. What do you know of Bastiaan? He very seldom worked under my direction he is an old liar. He once told old Gebhardt that I, in my capacity of overseer of the road, had said to him he need no more come to work at the road and this was a lie for, I had not seen him at all on that day. Johannes Jacobus du Toit Field Cornet at Paarl said that the prisoner had treated the slaves well. The Prisoner requested 3 witnesses: George Ludwyk Horn Question- What about the treatment ofthe slaves? Answer- The slaves are well treated — the prisoner always appeared polite and honest. Sophia (slave born in this settlement) Question- Answer- What do you know of Joris with respect to his dissemblance in order to avoid punishment? On a certain day he was carried at home from the vineyard by the slaves as if he was dead, he remained lying in his room till 8 0 clock at night. My master and my young master William went to see him. He later rose from the bed and came in to the house to get his victuals. Flora (a slave) QuestionAnswer- Question- Answer- QuestionAnswer- What do you know respecting the manner in which Joris knew to make dissembles ? He once dissembled to be dead and was carried from the vineyard to the house but at night he came into the house to fetch his victuals. What do you know of Bastiaan ? Nothing but that he is attentive in his work. What do you know of his rougery? Nothing than that he now and then goes to steal at others. May (A slave) My young master directed November to beat on his hams and not on his loins Question- Did you hear Bastiaan express, that he certainly saw people who knew to sham but not to the degree as Joris did? Answer- Yes Question- Are you not of the opinion that the only reason why the prisoner caused Joris to be flogged and continue it was that the prisoner thought Joris shammed? Answer- To this I cannot answer. December 18 No 885 DJ van Ryneveld Prosecutor:: (Part of closing address): Hon sir, and worshipful gentlemen, the crime which is l, now put before this tribunal, has within a short period taken place so often that the welfare of this colony really requires that the same be punished with the utmost severity, in order to put an example, that we are not allowed to act rashly and unpunished with the life of our slaves and fellow creatures. Notes: The prosecutor said the prisoner knew that Hayden had punished Joris. He had Joris beaten for two hours continuously. He applied salt and vinegar to apply more pain and suffering to Joris. The defense Henry Cloete (Part of closing address): In judging this case the court will certainly remind the precept of the Lex 4 Pan "ad legem corneliam de sicarns "In malificus voluntatum ö exitum spectave debave" which precept is suggested to the judges by Cicero, in his speech- pro milone, in these words "Non exitusrerum sed nominum concilii vindicantur" Keeping this rule in mind the judge will with pre enquire, whether the prisoner was in his act conducted by such concilium or propositum occiderdior whether such animus occidendi did not exist and when of course the punishment demanded by the prosecutor cannot be inflicted, as it has been taught to us, that in homicide a very strict but important decision is made, because of homicidia culpa lata having been committed, it is not the same thing as homicidia dolora and cannot be punished capitally. The prisoner acted ab avo in relicita because of his laziness he had just cause to punish him and that he of course is not actionable for the punishment itself, but only for excess, in which respect it is decided, that a man who committed excess, may be considered guilty of culpa lata, but by no means of dolus or premeditated intention — and for this reason even by English laws, an excess in the punishment is neither considered or punished as murder — see Blackstone in his commentaries book 4, Cap 14 page 20 viz. But if a person so provoked had unfortunately killed another by beating him in such a manner, as showed only an intent to chastise and not to kill him, the law so far considers the provocation of contumelious behavior and to adjudge it on manslaughter and not murder. The prisoner did not make use of a mortal or dangerous instrument but which are commonly used in punishment and of which no fatal consequences was ever experienced — horse harness and branches of fig tree — see Carpzovius chapter 3 sec 8 and l l . The stripes were not so many as could have occasioned the death. The prisoner had no other intention but to punish, it appears that he positively directed November who affected the punishment not to beat on the loins, on which it may be dangerous — this is voluntary stated by the slave Geduld and his deposition will deserve credit on his head. It appears that subsequent to the punishment the prisoner had given positive directions to the slave Jan, to attend to slave Joris and to procure and apply such things as are best calculated to cure such wounds or contusions and consequently in this respect there could have been no animus occidendi. The prisoner did not know Hayden had punished him as stated by the prosecutor. (they did not speak but just waved at each other as Hayden left when Ludwyk arrived) The number of stripes varies from 139 to 100 as stated by the various witnesses which are not enough to be fatal with an hour lapsed while more branches were fetched and November who applied the stripes did so at intervals stated himself. The salt and vinegar was applied as a stimulant as practiced everywhere and by no means to chastise the slave. Letters to the Governor: Letter by J B Hoffman for wrongful indictment 2nd letter by Hoffman attacking the court ofjustice Letter by 6 ministers, Rev J H von Manger, Rev Abraham Faure, (Dutch reformed) Rev William Wright, Rev George Hough (Anglicans) Rev P Kaufmann (Lutheran) Rev John Philip (London Missionary Society) Last paragraph: "We are humbly of the opinion that there are circumstances which if still laid before your Lordship may induce your lordship to delay or respite the prosecution of the sentence, until your lordships further pleasure be." Letter by Cloete Part of letter, "Suspended until his Excellency further pleasure shall be . as nothing can be lost by postponing such a sentence for a few . . . . . ." Report : Government Gazette : "Dr Phillip and Rev Mr Wright were with Ludwig, on entering the wagon his step was firm and his countenance animated by the fervor of religion. Hymns in Dutch and English were sung until they arrived about 10 0 clock at the fatal spot. Soon after 10 members of the court of justice arrived and the singing of hymns continued, in which the prisoner joined. Just before he ascended the platform which he did without the least embarrassments, he requested leave to sing one other hymn alone, which he did in English with an un-dismayed voice and with a glowing countenance he then addressed those who were present." Quote from Government Gazette 1822 "I have but a few moments to live, I wish you may all receive the full benefit of my example, I acknowledge the justice of my sentence — may it's example not be lost upon you, I see you are much affected, but I call upon you in the language of our blessed savior "weep not for me, but weep for yourselves", we are all weak sinful creatures, let him that standeth take heed lest he fall. I forgive all my prosecutors, and those who bare witness against me, I die in peace with all mankind and hope for salvation, only through the merits of Christ! May he wash you all from sin!" Unquote Soon after he was launched into eternity. Johan and Helena were separated on 28 November 1822 Notice in Government Gazette of 1822 J WL Gebhardt H C Krugel Sale 8.1.22 70 Slaves of good character coachmen wagoners, labourers, houseboys, housemaids, 70 draught oxen, breeding cattle, wagons, carts, carriages, coach horses, brood mares, household furniture, wardrobes, chests of drawers, cabinets, tables, chairs bedsteads, beading, curtaining, looking glasses, plate, china, glass and earthenware, farm and wine store implements, wine etc. Dinner provided each day at 12 noon Administrators: John Pigot Watney, Thomas Rowles, Johannes Du Toit, Gysbert Henry Maasdorp. Government advertisement His excellency the Governor has been pleased to appoint the Rev Mr Herold, to be minister at the Paarl, vice the Reverend Mr Gebhardt who retires. Cape of Good Hope I l June 1823. By command of his excellency the governor (signed) C Bird, Sec 12.7.1823 No 913 vol XVIII Notice Friday October 14th 1825 vol XXN0 1031 By order of the Board of Orphan Masters of this colony, Notice is hereby given to relations and friends, that the Rev. Mr Johan Wilhelm Ludwig Gebhardt, departed this life on 12 instant, aged 68 years. Orphan chamber, 13 October 1825 JJL Smuts. To be sold by public auction, by order of the Board of Orphan Masters, on Monday the 31 instant, the effects of the late Rev. Mr Johan Wilhelm Ludwig Gebhardt, consisting of a certain house and garden, with the lands adjoining thereto, situated in this Table valley at the foot of the Lions Hill, called LEEUWENVOET also household furniture, garden implements, a coach, horses and cows and some capital slaves native of this colony and others. 20 October, 1825 JJL Smuts Notice in Government Gazette 1826 Vol XXI 26 May No 1063 Marriages - Henry Gebhardt to Miss Martha Johanna van Eyck, daughter of Jan Hendrik van Eyck and Martha Johanna Lehman, on Saturday 21 May 1826. Notice in Government Gazette in 1825 that Dr Philip was selling his home Meerzight at the back of Lions Hill and returning to England. 1823 Arrival of the Commission of Inquiry into the conduct of Lord Charles Somerset's Governership and administration at the Cape. Lord Charles resigned in 1827. ................Continued on Wikitree.