User:Lionelfullwood/Sandbox2

England Lancashire  Warrington

Guide to Warrington history, family history, and genealogy: parish registers, census records, birth records, marriage records, and death records.



History
Newcastle-Upon Tyne (to be distinguished from Newcastle-under Lyme in Staffordshire) is the premier city of northwest England.

Newcastle upon Tyne, known commonly and locally as just Newcastle, is located on the north bank of the river Tyne. It is about 280 miles north of London, but in close proximity to Leeds, Sheffield, and Manchester. It is about 9 miles from the North Sea, and the river is navigable for oceangoing vessels as far as the city docks.

The ground beneath the city is formed from Carboniferous strata of the Middle Pennine Coal Measures Group—a suite of sandstones, mud-stones and coal seams which generally dip moderately eastwards. To the west of the city are the Upper Pennine Coal Measures and further west again the sandstones and mud-stones of the Stainmore Formation. The area to the west of the city has been known for centuries as the source of much of the coal for north east England.

The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius, a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne. It was given the family name of the Roman Emperor Hadrian, who founded it in the 2nd century AD. The population of Pons Aelius at this period was estimated at 2,000.

The Emperor Hadrian is known in history as the roman Emperor who commissioned the structure known as Hadrian's Wall. This wall, a huge civil undertaking, stretches across northern England from the west to the East, and was about 85 miles long. It's function was to act as a barrier or deterrent for the marauding Scottish hordes that were pillaging northern England.

Fragments of Hadrian's Wall are still visible in parts of Newcastle, particularly along the West Road.

After the Roman departure from Britain, completed in 410, Newcastle became part of the powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria, and became known throughout this period as Monkchester. Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress. Incorporated first by Henry II, the city had a new charter granted by Elizabeth in 1589.

From 1530, a royal act restricted all shipments of coal from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside, giving a monopoly in the coal trade to a cartel of Newcastle burgesses known as the Hostmen. This monopoly, which lasted for a considerable time, helped Newcastle prosper and develop into a major town. The phrase taking coals to Newcastle was first recorded contextually in 1538. The phrase itself means a pointless pursuit.

The status of city was granted to Newcastle on 3 June 1882. In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution. This revolution resulted in the urbanization of the city. In 1817 the Maling company, at one time the largest pottery company in the world, moved to the city. The Victorian industrial revolution brought industrial structures that included the 2 1⁄2-mile (4.0 km) Victoria Tunnel, built in 1842, which provided underground wagon ways to the staithes. Newcastle was also one of the first cities in the world to be lit up by electric lighting.

Cemeteries (Civil)
Newcastle upon Tyne has 10 major cemeteries and crematoria. They follow:

West Road Crematorium and Cemetery (opened 1934)


 * West Road
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE5 2JL

All Saints Cemetery (opened 1857)


 * Jesmond Road
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 1NL

All Saints Cemetery (opened 1857)


 * Jesmond Road
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 1NL

Heaton Cemetery (opened 1890)


 * Benton Road
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DS

Elswick/St Johns Cemetery (opened 1856)


 * St Johns Road
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 7TE

Hollywood Cemetery (opened 1943)


 * Hollywood Avenue
 * Newcastle upon Tyne

Jesmond Old Cemetery (opened 1836)


 * Jesmond Road
 * Newcastle upon Tyne

Lemington Cemetery (opened 1906)


 * Union Hall Road
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE15 7JS

North Gosforth Cemetery (opened 1878)


 * Coach Lane
 * Newcastle upon Tyne

St Andrews Cemetery (opened 1857)


 * Tankerville Terrace
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 3BU

St Nicholas Cemetery (opened 1858)


 * Nuns Moor Road
 * Newcastle upon Tyne

Additional information on locations and finding specific graves can be found at the following web sites:


 * Newcastle cemeteries and graves


 * Findagrave, West Road cemetery


 * Findagrave Heaton cemetery


 * Findagrave All Saints cemetery


 * Findagrave Old Jesmond cemetery

Parishes
Newcastle upon Tyne is part of the Newcastle Anglican diocese. There are many parishes in the area. Some of the larger parishes follow:

The Cathedral of St. Nicholas


 * St Nicholas Square
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 1PF

Jesmond Parish Church


 * Eskdale Terrace
 * Jesmond
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4DJ
 * Phone: +44 191 212 7400

St. Paul's Winlaton


 * Scotland Head
 * Winlaton NE21 6PL
 * Phone: +44 191 414 3165

St. John's Hebburn


 * Canning St
 * Hebburn NE31 2UP
 * Phone: +44 191 422 7505

St. Thomas the Martyr


 * The Haymarket
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7PF
 * Phone: +44 191 261 2284

St. John the Baptist


 * Grainger St
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 5JG
 * Phone: +44 191 232 0483

St. John, Killingworth

Killingworth, Tyne and Wear, NE12 6BL
 * West Lane
 * Phone: +44 191 268 3242

St. Andrew's


 * Newgate St
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 5SS
 * Phone: +44 191 222 0259

St. George's


 * St George's Cl
 * Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 2TF
 * Phone: +44 191 281 1659

Holy Trinity


 * Churchill Gardens
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 1HB
 * Phone: +44 191 281 3399

St Gabriel's


 * St Gabriel's Ave
 * Newcastle upon Tyne NE6 5QN
 * Phone: +44 191 265 5843

St. Mary the Virgin


 * Thornhill Rd
 * Ponteland, Newcastle upon Tyne NE20 9PZ
 * Phone: +44 1661 822140

The DIocese website follows:


 * Newcastle Anglican Diocese

Non Conformists
Newcastle upon Tyne has a large Roman Catholic population. The website follows:


 * Newcastle and Hexam RC Diocese

Additionally the following other Christian and Non Christian groups follow:


 * Baptists
 * Evangelical
 * Chinese Christian
 * Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
 * Christian Fellowship
 * Greek Orthodox Church
 * Jehovah's Witness
 * Lutheran
 * Methodist
 * Pentecostal

Non Christian populations include:


 * Buddhists
 * Jews
 * Muslims
 * Sikhs
 * Taoists

Civil Registration
Birth, marriages and deaths were kept by the UK government, from July 1837 to the present day.


 * Newcastle BMD Registration office


 * UKBMD org.


 * Southside Tyne BMD records

Local Histories

 * History of Newcastle: Newcastle City Council


 * local histories: Newcastle


 * The History of Newcastle upon Tyne by Henry Bourne


 * Newcastle upon Tyne, a Modern History by Robert Collis and Bill Lancaster

Maps and Gazetteers

 * Google maps: Newcastle


 * old maps on line: Newcastle


 * Via Michelin: Newcastle


 * visionofbritain: Newcastle Gazetteer


 * groups: Newcastle Gazetteer

Newspapers

 * The Chronicle Live


 * The Northern Echo


 * The Independent; Newcastle

Occupations
Newcastle is the commercial, educational and, in partnership with nearby Gateshead, the cultural focus for North East England. As part of Tyneside, Newcastle's economy contributes around £13 billion to the UK GVA.

Newcastle has one of the most diversified economies in the Northern Uk. As such it provides employment opportunities in many diverse areas. Major employment is provided in the following sectors:


 * Primary & Utilities 0.4%
 * Information & communication 4.0%
 * Manufacturing 5.0%
 * Financial & insurance 4.5%
 * Construction 3.4%
 * Property 1.9%
 * Automotive trades 1.3%
 * Professional/Scient./Techn. 8.8%
 * Business admin/supp. services 7.2%
 * Retail 8.6%
 * Public admin & defence 10.5%
 * Transport & storage 3.6%
 * Education 11.6%
 * Accomodation & food services 7.0%
 * Health 16.0%
 * Arts/entertain./other services 5.0%

Major employers include the following companies, well known in the UK: Sage PLC (Business Services), Ward Hadaway and Eversheds (Professional Services),Bellway (Construction), Fenwick, John Lewis, Debenhams (Retail, Northern Rock (Banking & Financial Services), BAE Systems, Duco Ltd, Chieftain (Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering), Greggs plc (Food and drink), and Go Ahead Group (Worldwide Transportation).

Societies

 * Northumberland and Durham Genealogy Society


 * Local Newcastle genealogy records


 * Newcastle antiquaries


 * Forebears, Newcastle


 * genuki Northumberland

Archives

 * tyne and wear archives


 * Newcastle City Council Archives and Museums


 * The National Archives: Newcastle Library

Web Sites

 * Newcastle upon Tyne


 * Newcastle upon Tyne Key economic Facts


 * Newcastle City Council