Historical Geography Germany

Much of this page is duplicate of Germany Historical Geography.

Boundaries
Compare Germany Maps to see how the boundaries have changed.

After World War II, other former Prussian areas, such as Posen, most of Schlesien, Westpreußen, and parts of Pommern, became part of Poland. Russia and Poland split Ostpreußen, and a tiny part of Schlesien went to the Czech Republic.

Each nation or state determined its own record-keeping practices. You may find that records differ in what they contain and where they are kept, according to who ruled that area when the record was created.

States and Provinces
The German Empire, created in 1871, was made up of a patchwork of German-speaking duchies, principalities, and states. These areas often had little in common. The Locality Search of the Family History Library Catalog uses 38 state or province divisions for Germany. For a list of these states and provinces, see the chart found in Germany Gazetteers.

An atlas of the German Empire compiled by Ludwig Ravenstein is found at:


 * www.library.wisc.edu/etext/ravenstein/

More information about four of the most complex states follows.

Preußen. The largest, most powerful German state was Preußen (Prussia). It was divided into 13 large provinces (see p. 35). Only two of the provinces had the name “Preußen” in them, but citizens from all 13 provinces were Prussians. Thus, a resident of Rheinland often said that he or she was from Preußen.

Most Prussian emigrants to foreign countries came from the provinces of Rheinland, Hessen-Nassau, or Westfalen. The catalog lists each town in Preußen behind its state and province, as in this example:

GERMANY, PREUßEN, RHEINLAND, THÜR.

Sachsen. Sachsen (Saxony) covered a wide band of Germany from the North Sea to the Czech Republic.

The three modern German states carrying this name are Niedersachsen, Sachsen, and Sachsen-Anhalt. The Family History Library Catalog lists several old Empire states under Sachsen:


 * Sachsen (the kingdom)
 * Preußen Sachsen (the province)
 * Thüringen (the Duchies of Sachsen)
 * Sachsen-Altenburg
 * Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha
 * Sachsen-Meiningen
 * Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach

When using the International Genealogical Index on compact disc, you can filter on “Sachsen” (the kingdom), "Prussia" (including the province of Sachsen), and “Thuringen” (including the Duchies of Sachsen).

Thüringen. Eight duchies and principalities of Sachsen became the state of Thüringen (Thuringia) in 1920. Records for towns in Thüringen are listed twice in the catalog: once under Thüringen and once under the duchy or principality. For example, the same record is cataloged under both GERMANY, THÜRINGEN, SULZE and GERMANY, SACHSENALTENBURG, SULZE.

The duchies and principalities of Sachsen (Thüringen) were Reuß ältere Linie, Reuß jüngere Linie, Sachsen-Altenburg, Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha, Sachsen-Meiningen, Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen. The Coburg part of Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha joined Bayern in 1920 and is listed under Bayern instead of Thüringen in the catalog.

Pfalz. The Pfalz (Palatinate) on the French border in southwest Germany was devastated in the Thirty Years War (1618-1648). After the war, settlers from other parts of Germany and Switzerland were attracted to help repopulate the area. In the 1800s, more people emigrated to foreign countries from the Pfalz than from any other part of Germany. The Pfalz has been associated with Bayern most of the time since 1214.

Therefore, the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog lists towns in the Pfalz under BAYERN. For example, the town of Kaiserslautern in the Pfalz would actually be listed as GERMANY, BAYERN, KAISERSLAUTERN.

The following books explain more about Germany's historical geography. You can find these and similar materials at the Family History Library and many other research libraries.

The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World. Morningside Heights, New York, NY, USA: Columbia University Press, 1962. (FHL book 910.3 C723g.)

Kirn, Paul. Politische Geschichte der deutschen Grenzen (Political history of the German borders). Mannheim, Germany: Bibliographisches Institut, 1958. (FHL book 943 H2ki.)

Jensen Publications. Maps of the German Empire of 1871. Revised Edition. Pleasant Grove, Utah, USA: Jensen Publications, 1987. (FHL book 943 E7m.)

Online information is found at:


 * www.genealogienetz.de/genealogy.html - look in the section “General Help.”

Other sources containing information about boundary changes are found in the Family History Library Catalog under:

GERMANY - HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY

GERMANY - HISTORY

GERMANY, [STATE] - HISTORICAL

GEOGRAPHY

GERMANY, [STATE] - HISTORY

The historical atlases described in the “Maps” section contain maps depicting boundary changes, migration and settlement patterns, military actions, and ethnic and religious population distribution. Gazetteers and histories are also helpful sources of information about name and boundary changes. See the “Gazetteers” section.