Colfax County, New Mexico, Place Names

ABBOTT. Also Called New Abbott. On NM 56/412 and intersection with state road 39, 19 miles east of Springer, near Abbott Lake. named for Horace C Abbott, who became the first postmaster. Post Office 1881-1963. In 1936 a number of the settlers moved to a location called "The Forks", at the junction of NM 58 and 39. Abbott formerly called Sauz. Map

ABREU. Former settlement on the Rayado River, 20 miles west of Springer. Named for Jesus Gil Abreuwho married Petrita Beaubien on October 26, 1859 and acquired 20,000 acres from her father for his ranch. The family sold the ranch in 1911 after his death. Waite Phillipsbought it in the 1920's and donated 35,857 acres to the now Philmont Scout Ranch.

ADAMS LAKE. A small lake covering about 2 acres of land near Cassel Rock and Ash Mountain. Named for a prominent family of the vicinity. Map

AGUA FRIA. "agua fria" Spanish for "cold water". A small community between Taos and Eagle Nest, at the junction of US64 and state road 434. Post Office 1924-1934. Map 1, Map 2

AGUA FRIA PEAK - Altitude 11,000 feet. near the village of Agua Fria. The Agua Fria Rito rises near Agua Fria Mountain and forms Cieneguilla Creek to empty into Eagle Nest Lake. Map

AHOGADERA - See San Francisco Mesa.

ALMA - The post office was established in 1888 to 1926. See BALDY. Ghostowns. AMERICAN CREEK - Flows into Cieneguilla Creek in the Moreno Valley south of Eagle Nest. Map

ANGEL FIRE - 7 miles north of Black Lake; 15 miles south of Eagle Nest off US 64; 27 miles east of Taos. A recreation area, resort. Village web site, Background, Map APACHE - Post Office1877-1882; mail to Chico Springs. .

ARMS - Post Office 1879-1880. First postmaster, Henry M. Arms. ASH MOUNTAIN - 3 miles east of Taos County line on the Rito Leandro, in the Maxwell Land Grant. Map

BALDY, BALDY MOUNTAIN - Peak is so named because of the absence of timber on the rocky summits. Settlement 5 miles northeast of Elizabethtown. Post Office also known as Alma, 1888-1926. In 1897 Baldy had 200 inhabitants, a school, church, 12 mines, 4 stamp mills, a telephone line, blacksmith, barber, justice of the peace, store, stable, and many saloons. A little rubble remains. 10,098 acres including the summit donated to Philmont Scout Ranch by Norton Clapp. Wikipedia, Photos, Ghostowns, Map

BARELA MESA - On north boundary of the county. Named for Senator Barela, a prominent Spanish- American resident of Trinidad, Colorado., in the 1890's. Map

BARTLETT MESA - North of Raton at the Colorado state line. Named for Carlos Bartlett, an early settler and founder at the Bartlett Estate in Vermejo Park in 1906. Map BEAR LAKE - West of Eagle Nest Lake. BEAUBIEN - MIRANDA LAND GRANT - See Maxwell Land Grant.

BEAVER CREEK - Flows into the upper Rayado River in the southwest corner of Colfax County. Map

BELL - 12 miles northeast of Raton. Settled by a group of dissatisfied miners from Blossburg, who went to Johnson Mesa to farm. Named for Marion Bell, leader of the settlers. First postmaster, Alonso S Bell. Post Office, 1891-1933.

BLACK LAKE - In the southwestern corner of Colfax County. Named because, when viewed from a distance, dense timber surrounding the water makes it look black instead of blue. First inhabitants here were Don Jose Maria mares and his wife, Dona Jenara Trujillo, in 1886. Years earlier, in 1857, Jose Maria Mares had been captured by indians while he and his brother were with a hunting party. They were taken to Taos, where they were sold to Don Juan Mares, who adopted them and brought them up as his own children. Post Office 1903-1927. Map BLACK MESA - 8 miles southeast of Raton. Distinguished by interesting carvings on the west side. Map

BLACK MOUNTAIN - There are 2 in Colfax County Map 1, Map 2,

BLIND CANYON - At the head of the Vermejo River; extends east from Caliente Canyon. Cowboys called it "blind" because it has but one entrance. There are 2 in Colfax County. Map 1, Map 2, The second one appears at the Vermejo.

BLOSSBURG - 5 miles up Dillon Creek, northwest of Raton. Settled about 1881 as a coal mining town, by a Colonel Savage from Blossburg, Pennsylvania, and named it for his home town. There is now little left at the site, it is part Ted Turner's Vermejo Park Ranch. Post Office, 1881 to 1905. Ghosttowns, Map

BLOSSER CREEK, GAP, MESA - Flows into Eagle Tail Creek, which empties into Hebron Reservoir. Creek flows through the gap about 15 miles southeast of Raton. This opening through the mountain range was named for a man by the name of Blosser, who had been evicted from his ranch by the Maxwell Land Grant Co., and who used the gap to run cattle through to the pinon country south of the mountains where the grazing was good. Map, Mesa Map,

BONITA CREEK - Spanish for 'beautiful" . Runs through Bonita Canyon in the western, part of Colfax county. Map

BOX CANYON - 30 miles southwest of Raton; 3 miles north of Dawson. The name, in general, applies to a canyon closed at the far end, or so narrow as to make traffic through it difficult or impossible, that is, a man is boxed in. Map

BRACKETT - Post Office 1910-1917.

BRILLIANT - Former coal mining community on AT&amp;SF RR, 6 miles northwest of Raton. Post Office, 1906-1935 and 1940-1964. Very little remains today, it is part of Ted Turner's Vermejo Park Ranch. Ghosttowns, Map,

BRILLIANT CANYON -

BRILLIANT CREEK -

BUFFALO HEAD - High point of rock north of Folsom; named for its resemblance to the head of a buffalo.

CABRESTO CREEK CANYON - Local spanish for "rope, halter, lead ox". Runs into Red River northeast of Questa.

CABRESTO LAKE - 4 miles southwest of Baldy Mountain. Map

CALIENTE CANYON, CREEK - Spanish for "hot". At the head of Vermejo River, 12 miles north of Dawson. Map

CANADIAN RIVER also called RED RIVER - Name originating from the Caddo Indian word "kanohatino" meaning red; or the Spanish word "Canada" meaning ravine or gulch. River starts in northern New Mexico, Colfax County, to form the Mora-Harding County line of separation, then turns east through San Miguel and Quay counties, until it goes across Texas into Oklahoma, where it is known as Beaver River. Finally it joins the Arkansas, and becomes the Red River of Louisiana. An 1828 map shows it as the "Canadiano Rio". Spanish land titles call it "Rio Rojo" or Red River. While trying to find the origin of the river in 1806, Zebulon Pike was arrested and deported by Spanish authorities.

CANN CREEK - Small stream entering the Ponil Creek.

CARESSO CREEK - Flows southeast into the Cimarron River east of Springer.

CARISBROOK or CARRIS BROOK - AT&amp;SF RR stop in Sugarite Canyon. Post Office 1907-1908; mail to Raton.

CARSON NATIONAL FOREST - Wikipedia, CNF Website

CASSEL ROCK - Near the Colfax - Taos County line

CATALPA - Post Office, 1882-1884; mail to Madison.

CATSKILL - Former community on Little Red River, 30 miles northwest of Raton. Originally settled in August 1890 by a group of lumbermen under company management of H.G. Frankenburger. The Union Pacific Railroad built a spur from Trinidad, Colorado, and C.F.Meek, the railroad's general manager, is said to have named the town because the scenery resembled the Catskill Mountains near his home town in New York. As the timber resources failed, the railroad pulled up its tracks in 1902. By 1916, Catskill was a ghost town. Now a tourist attraction. Post Office 1890-1905. Map

CEDAR HILLS - At the mouth of Cerrososo Canyon. Map

CERROSOSO CREEK - "Cerro" is spanish for "hill or peak". Crosses US 64, 3 miles east of Cimarron. Map

CHASE CANYON - 6 miles north of Cimarron, named for M.M.Chase, a pioneer settler in the canyon. Map

CHASE RANCH Map

CHICO - means "small" in Spanish, but it is also the nickname for the Spanish name "Francisco". In New Mexico "chico" is also identified with dried green corn. The town is 12 miles north of Abbott and 22 miles east of Maxwell. Sen. Stephen Dorsey lived here for a time. (See Dorsey) Post Office 1895-1956. Formerly known as CHICO SPRINGS. Map

CHICO CREEK - Rises near Chico, and flows into the Canadian River. Map

CHICO HILLS - Roughly, in the area between Chico and Abbott. Map

CHICORICO also called SUGARITE - The word is a version of "achicorio" which refers to a wild native endive or chicory. However, Calvin Jones testified in litigation over the Maxwell Land Grant that the creek, mesa, and canyon known by the word "chicarica" were named by the Comanches for the great quantity of birds which lived in the pine timber there. The Comanche word for bird, he testified, was "rico" and the word for "spotted" was "choco". The Spanish words "chico rico" mean "rich little fellow" The Anglo transposition of the words was "Sugarite". Map

CHICORICO CREEK - Named first. Rises near Colorado state line and flows down the canyon into Raton Creek, then into a stream called Una de Gato (Cat's Claw in Spanish), and finally joins the Canadian Red River. The Creek is now called the Sugarite River. In Sugarite Canyon the river flows through Lake Maloya and Lake Alice. Lake Maloya is the reservoir from which the city of Raton gets its water supply. As the Sugarite River flows into Raton, it runs by Sugarite Street. Map 1, Map 2, East Forkk Chicoria Creek Map

CHICARICA MESA - is now called BARELA MESA see Barela Mesa. Chicarica Mesa is seperated from the Raton Mesa by Manco Burro Pass. Map

CHICORICO CANYON or SUGARITE CANYON - is 2 miles south of Lake Maloya. Map

CHICO SPRINGS - Post Office 1877-1895; changed to CHICO. Map

CHICOSO - Post Office 1876-1877. Map

CHICOSO CREEK - Map

CHIMNEY CANYON - Runs east from Caliente Canyon which branches from Vermejo River Canyon 10 miles north of Dawson.Map; West ForkMap, East Fork Map

CIENEGUILLA - In Spanish "cieneguilla" means "mittle marsh or marshy place". Cieneguilla Creek Map; Cieneguilla Mountain Map

CIMARRON - The term "cimarron" is an Americanism in Spanish.The meaning of the word generalized to describe a wild or unruly person or untamed animal. Applied in New Mexico to the wild bighorn sheep of the Rocky Mountains. Fray Angelico Chavez pointed out that the wild red plum which grew abundantly along the northeastern rivers of New Mexico was called "ciruela cimarrona". Thence, the word specifies a place once inhabited by wild sheep and wild plums. Both wild horses and cattle were later known as cimarrones. It is a town on US 64, 38 miles southwest of Raton. Settled in 1841 by the Beaubien Miranda Land Grant. In the 1860's and 1870's Cimarron was the principal stopping place for travelers on the Santa Fe Trail going to Taos. Cowboys, both lawless and law abiding, made it their hangout. Buffalo Bill organized his Wild West show here. The first postmaster was Lucien B Maxwell. Post Office 1861 to present day. CC Website, Background, Historic District,Map, Photos.

CIMARRON CANYON - West of the town of Cimarron. May have been named earleir than the town. Cimarron Canyon State Parkis 3 miles miles east of Eagle Nest and west of the town of Cimarron, and in the Colin Neblett Wildlife area. Map

CIMARRON CREEK, RIVER - Flows from Eagle Nest Lake, through the Cimarron Canyon east then south tothe south of Springer (60 miles or 97 km) to form a tributary of the Canadian Red River. In the Cimarron canyon it forms the famous Palisadesof the Cimarron. It is the southwesternmost major tributary flowing into the Mississippi River. It is shown as "Semerone" on an 1828 map and also known as Le Flecha. Map 1, Map 2,

CIMARRON RANGE - Map  CIMARRON MESA -Map

CIMARRONCITA CREEK - Flows into the Cimarron River. Map

CIMILORIO See VERMEJO PEAK  Map

CLEAR CREEK - Rises near Clear Mountain and flows north to the Cimarron River in Cimarron Canyon. The waters of Clear Creek prompted its naming, as they are fed by snows and run deep through a heavily wooded section. Map

CLEAR CREEK MOUNTAIN - In the northeast part of Colfax County.

CLIFTON, CLIFTON HOUSE - 6 miles south of Raton on the Canadian Red River. Built in 1867 by Tom Stockton, a rancher, as headquarters for cattle roundups. During the 1870's and 1880's, it was leased for a station of the Barlow-Sanderson Stage Line, which added a blacksmith shop and stables. With the arrival of the AT&amp;SF RR in 1879, the stage was discontinued, and so was the Clifton House. Nothing remains of the site, but the graveyard, with its boardmarkers. Post Office 1869 to 1879. Map

COAL CANYON - The Maxwell Land Grant of 1889 shows two canyons with this name, one extending west from Dillon Canyon near the Swastika Coal Camp, the other extending southwest from the mouth of the Canadian Red River Canyon.

COLEMAN - A community started in 1885 in the Maxwell Land Grant, when many war weary Southerners were seeking new homes in northeastern New Mexico. Coleman was the name of people living near Elkins in the 1870's.

COLEMAN CANYON CREEK - At the head of the Vermejo River Canyon, near the ghost town of Elkins.

COLFAX - On US 64, 5 miles south of Dawson and on a branch of the AT&amp;SF RR. Enjoyed its peak of prosperity in the 1890's, during a mining boom at Dawson. Post Office 1908 to 1921.

COLFAX COUNTY- Created on January 25, 1869, and named for Schuyler Colfax, Vice President of the US, 1869-1873. At this time the county extended from Taos County to the Texas - Oklahoma line, and included the larger part of the Maxwell Land Grant.

COLMOR - On US 85 and AT&amp;SF RR, 11 miles south of Springer. The railroad came through on July 4 1879, and Colmor came into existance ten years later. First settlement was in February, 1887. Name came from joining the first three letters each of Colfax and Mora Counties, whose edges the town touches. Post Office 1887 to present.

COMANCHE CREEK - Waters of this creek originate in the north end of the Moreno Valley, flow into Moreno Creek, and then go into Eagle Nest Lake. It was a marauding spot for Comanche Indians and therefore named for them.

COSTILLA PARK - Costilla in spanish means "rib". It is 6 miles west of Van Bremer Park.

COTTONWOOD - This tree grows commonly along waterways, in spanish it is "alamo". Former small town 10 miles north of Dawson, on Cottonwood Creek.

COTTONWOOD CANYON - 4 miles south of Raton and south of the mouth of Canadian Red River Canyon. There is also a second COTTONWOOD CANYON -15 miles north of Dawson and east of the Vermejo River Canyon.

COTTONWOOD CREEK - former settlement in the Maxwell Land Grant, now deserted.

COW CREEK -

COYOTE CREEK -

CROW CREEK - Flows from mountains past Koehler into Canadian Red River, west of Eagle Tail Mountain. Named for the vast quantity of crows that flew over the country. They built nests in the cottonwoods on the streams, and the early American settlers used poison to cut down their numbers. Creek flows across Crow Creek Flats. See Raton Creek.

CS RANCH - 130,000 acres, part of the Maxwell Land Grant. Established by Frank Springer (and his brother) and currently managed by Les Davis, his grandson, and his family. Operated since 1873. Cattle co website

CUESTA DEL OSHA PEAK - Spanish "hill or peak of the Osha plant". On the Colfax and Taos County border, 5 miles southeast of Tienditas. Named for the osha plant which grows abundantly here. Osha has a stem which tastes like celery, and the root is used for medicine.

CUNICO - On NM 193, 30 miles southeast of Raton. Post Office 1927 to 1942. See KIOWA

CUNNINGHAM - Settlement 15 miles southeast of Raton on the old Maxwell Land Grant. Named for Dr. J. M. Cunningham of Las Vegas, who was one of the New Mexicans who left the state just to ride in on the first train of the AT&amp;SF RR in 1879. In 1901, he was involved in litigation centering around land grant suits with Charles Springer as defendant.

CUNNINGHAM BUTTE - 9 miles southeast of Raton.

CURTIS CREEK - Flows across Crow Creek Flats from mountains to Canadian Red River, almost paralleling Crow Creek, 2 or 3 miles to the south. Named for old "Dad" Curtis, pioneer, who started the Curtis Ranch.

DAWSON - 14 miles northeast of Cimarron in the Maxwell Land Grant. Named for two brothers, John Barliley and L.S.Dawson, who settled on the Vermejo River in 1867. JB Dawson started to develop the coal mine which after 1901 was made  productive by the Phelps Dodge Corporation, and the SP RR. After railroads started converting to diesel power, the community gradually disappeared. The mine closed on April 30, 1950. Post Office from 1900 to 1954. Wikipedia.

DAWSON CANYON -

DEAD HORSE CANYON - 11 miles north of Dawson, up Vermejo Canyon.

DEAN - On NM 234, 20 miles northwest of Maxwell. Probably named for the canyon.

DEAN CANYON - With its little stream, the canyon begins at a point on the Ponil, 4 miles north of Cimarron and extends westward. Named for an early settler who had a cabin here.

DILLON - On AT&amp;SF RR, 3 miles south of Raton. Named for Richard C. Dillon, Governor of New Mexico from 1928 to 1932. Town established by the railroad company shortly after the railroad was built in 1880. At this point, the railroad branches, and these lines extend up Dillon Canyon to former coal camps of Gardiner, Swastika, Brilliant, and Blossburg.

DILLON CANYON - Starts about 3 miles southwest of Raton and winds in a northern direction to the Colorado state line.

DORSEY - 1 mile west of the Canadian Red River near Eagle Rock Mountain. Named for Dorsey Lake. Post Office 1879, intermittently to 1912.

DORSEY LAKE - Small lake, 2 miles south of Koehler Junction, on Crow Creek Flats. Named for Stephen W Dorsey, US Senator from Arkansas, co-owner of the Ingersol Dorsey Alley Ranch. When Ingersol successfully defended Dorsey in a law suit over government mail contracts, Dorsey paid Ingersol with 5,000 acres of land and some cattle. Dorsey at one time lived at Chico.

DOVER - See GATO

DRY CIMARRON RIVER - The river is beleived to have been a disappearing river because of the notable feature of sinking and rising. Flows from the foot of Johnson Mesa in Colfax County, cuts a deep canyon across the northern part of Union County, across a corner of Oklahoma, and finally empties into the Arkansas River near Dodge City, Kansas.

DUTCHMAN'S CANYON - Extends west from Dillon Canyon where Blossburg was a one time busy coal camp. Named because of an old Dutchman who lived in the canyon when mining operations first started at Blossburg.

EAGLE NEST - Settlement on US 64, 20 miles northeast of Taos. Established in 1920, and called THERMA, Greek for "hot". Name Eagle Nest advocated in 1935 because golden eagles live in the mountanous region. Their feathers are used by the Taos Native Americans for ceremonial worship. Village Website, Background, Photo,

EAGLE NEST LAKE - Created by a dam finished in 1919 by Charles Springer at the head of Cimarron Canyon. It is 5 miles long and 2 miles wide. It is located midway between Taos and Cimarron.

EAGLE PARK - Referred by Lewis H Garrard in 1846. Probably an early name for Ute Park.

EAGLE ROCK MOUNTAIN - 5 miles west of Eagle Tail Mountain on the west bank of the Canadian Red River, in the Maxwelll Land Grant.

EAGLE TAIL CREEK - North of Eagle Tail Mountain, about 15 miles south of Raton, flowing into the Una de Gato Creek. Name comes from the mountain, whose shape resembles the long, sweeping rail, of a resting eagle. See Blosser Creek, Gap.

EAGLE TAIL MESA - at the eastern edge of the Maxwell Land Grant, near Eagle Tail Mountain, named for the mountain.

EAGLE TAIL MOUNTAIN - About 25 miles northest of Springer. See Tinaja Mountain.

ELIZABETH PEAK - Also called Baldy Mountain. A short distance northeast of Elizabethtown, east of the Moreno River; elevation 12,491 feet. Named for the daughter of a first settler in Elizabethtown, Elizabeth Moore. See Elizabethtown.

ELIZABETHTOWN - Former copper and gold mining camp on NM 38, 5 miles northeast of Eagle Nest, in the north end of the Moreno Valley. First house was built in 1865, when the place was called VIRGINIA CITY. In 1866 a group of prospectors found gold near Willow Creek. The city was named in honor of Elizabeth Moore, daughter of John W Moore. A ditch was excavated from Red River for a place dredge called "The Eleanor". Prospecting continued in Old Baldy Mountain as late as 1930. The town was the first county seat of Colfax County. It is now deserted. Post Office from 1868 to 1931. Wikipedia., photos, Legends of America,

ELLIOT BARKER WILDLIFE AREA -

ENGLAND - Post Office from April to December in 1881.

E TOWN - See Elizabethtown.

FARLEY - Ranching and farming community on NM 193, 13 miles northeast of Abbott. A branch of AT&amp;SF RR formerly ran here from Mt. Dora. Established in 1929, taking the name of its first postmaster. Post Office, 1929 to 1932. FIVE DOLLAR CANYON - 7 miles north of Dawson, extending east from near the mouth of Caliente Canyon, and just northeast of Upper Vermejo River Canyon. Said to be named for a pioneer settler who always wanted to bet 5 dolars, but never had it. FIVE DOLLAR CREEK - Flows through the canyon of the same name.

FRAMPTON - Post Office 1892; mail to Clapham.

FRANKLIN - 9 miles southeast of Springer. Post Office 1876 to 1879.

FRENCH - Trading point on US 85, 9 miles north of Springer. Named for Capt. William French, who came to America in 1883 from French Park, Ireland. He owned the WS (William Slaughter) Ranch, first in Grant County. When he moved to Cimarron, he organized the French Tract, a group of farms with French as a center. Because of litigation over water rights, the plan failed and little remains today of the farms and town. French was the author of "Recollections of a Western Ranchman", 1883-1889. Post Office, 1908 to 1945.

FRENCH LAKE - 7 miles east of Cimarron. See French.

GARDINER - Coal mining camp 3 miles west of Raton in Dillon Canyon. Owned in 1897 by the St. Louis, Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coal Co. The Gardiner Swastika branch of the AT&amp;SF RR extended from Dillon to the camp to take out coal. Post Office 1897 to 1940. Very little remains today. It is part of Ted Turner's Vermejo Park Ranch. They say that one may be able to see some of the old coke ovens from the Raton Golf Course.

GARDINER CANYON - Runs west from mouth of Dillon Canyon, starting about 3 miles southwest of Raton.

GATO - Spanish for "cat or wild cat". On AT&amp;SF RR, 3 miles south of French. Formerly called DOVER.

GILLESPIE -

GONZALES CANYON - In the extreme northwest corner of Colfax County. extends north and south from Vermejo Canyon to the Colorado state line.

GONZALES MESA - 12 miles west of Springer in the Maxwell Land Grant

GREEN MOUNTAIN - 15 miles southeast of Raton.

GREENWOOD CREEK - Stream northwest of Cimarron, tributary to the Ponil.

HARLAN - Named for T.B. Harlan, of St. Louis, chief counsel of the Maxwelll Land Grant Co.

HEBRON - On AT&amp;SF RR, 11 miles south of Raton, at Hebron Dam. Post Office 1902 to 1910.

HEBRON DAM - An artificial reservoir for irrigation purposes. See Blosser Creek, Gap. HECK CANYON - On NM 199, 18 miles west of Springer, on Sweet Water Creek, in the center of the lumber district. Named for the Mathew Heck family, who owned property in the canyon. Post Office 1927 to 1943.

HECK SPRINGS - On NM 21, 25 miles west of Springer.

HEMATITE - Post Office 1897 to 1899; mail to Elizabethtown.

HEWITT CREEK - In the south Moreno Valley; flows into the Cieneguilla, thence into Eagle Nest Lake.

HOLKEO CREEK - Rises near Peck's Mesa in the southwest corner of Colfax County and flows into Ute Creek after crossing Union County line.

HOPE - Post Office 1888 to 1889; mail to Grenville.

HORSESHOE LAKE - a 10 acre lake just below timber line at the head of the main East Fork of the Red River.

HOXIE - 20 miles south of Raton where US 85 and 64 seperate, the former leading to Santa Fe by way of Las Vegas, and the latter by way of Cimarron and Taos. SANTA FE FORKS is the original name, dating from the 1820's when the Santa Fe Trail forked at about this spot. However, the little crossroads filling station has been known as Hoxie because William Hoxie owned and operated the place in 1925.

HUMBUG CREEK - In northeast end of the Moreno Valley. Flows into the Moreno River and thence into Eagle Nest Lake.

IDLEWILD - Settlement 3 miles west of Eagle Nest.

INDIAN CAMPS - At the entrance of Cimarron Canyon. Once a camp of travelling Native American bands, where many arrowheads can be found.

INDIAN HEAD - 5 miles north of Cimarron, west of the highway. Name comes from the likeness of a head and face showing in sandstone rimrock.

JARITA CREEK - Correct name for JACETAS CREEK. Flows into the Canadian Red River at the southern Colfax - Union County line boundary. Named for many willows on its banks.

JOHNSON MESA, PARK - 16 miles east of Raton and north of US64 and 87. Named for Lige Johnson, first settler in the park, which is south of the mesa.

JONES CANYON - Extends from the Colorado state line to the Canadian Red River, 10 miles west of Raton.

JUAN LA CRUZ CANYON - At the head of the Vermejo River, near the former site of the Elkins post office. Named for Juan La Cruz who first had a home in the canyon in 1875.

KAPPAS ARROYO - Side stream from the Canadian Red River.

KEOTA - Station tunnel on AT&amp;SF RR, 3 miles north of Raton.

KIMBALL - Post Office 1890; changed to SPRINGHILL.

KIOWA - 15 miles southwest of Capulin. Known as the Kiowa District, which was first known as the KIOWA CAMP. Although the Kiowa Native Americans never lived here, at certain seasons they liked to stop at this place en route to the east, to fish and hunt and give their ponies rest and food. Post Office 1877, intermittently to 1904; mail to Folsom. This post office was also sometimes called CUNICO, a family name often heard in this area.

KIT CARSON PEAK - Small peak at the mouth of the Little Red River about 3 miles south of Raton. Some people call it SQUAW PEAK. They say that a small group stood off an attack here, while one of their party rode off for help.

KOEHLER - 16 miles southwest of Raton on NM 375. Named for Henry Koehler, one time chairman of the Maxwell Land Grant Board. The land was owned for sixty years by the St. Louis, Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coal Co., but in 1955 the Kaiser Steel Corp purchased the coal mining properties, and in 1957 the mining operations were reactivated. Post office 1907 to 1957.

KOEHLER JUNCTION - On the Ute Division of AT&amp;SF RR where the tracks for Koehler coal camp begin; the junction is 2 miles east of Koehler.

LADD - First postmaster, Charles B Ladd. Post Office 1886 to 1889 mail to Springer.

LAKE ALICE - In Sugarite Canyon about 2 miles south of Lake Maloya. The Lake is Raton's supplementary water supply. Named for Alice Jelfs, the daughter of John Jelfs, a prominent banker in Raton at the time the lake was constructed by the AT&amp;SF RR.

LAKE ARROYO - Side stream from Canadian Red River. Named for the character of its location.

LAKE EIGHT - Part of a group of numbered lakes in an area 5  by 7 miles northwest of Maxwell.

LAKE FOURTEEN - See LAKE EIGHT

LAKE MALOYA - 6 miles northeast of Raton; near head of Sugarite Canyon. It impounds water from springs, rain, and melting snow for Raton's municipal water supply; also used for fishing and recreation.

LAKE TWO, SEVEN, TWELVE, THIRTEEN, TWENTY - See LAKE EIGHT

LAUGHLIN, LAUGHLIN PEAK - In the east end of Colfax county near the Colfax - Union County line.

LITTLE RED RIVER CANYON - Named for Little Red River which flows through it. See Canadian River.

LLOYD - On NM 85, 6 miles southwestof Maxwell

LOCO ARROYO - Spanish for "crazy". Flows into the Canadian Red River. The so called "crazy" creek was named because of its intermitent risings.

LORETTA - Community in coal minig area 2 miles north of Dawson. Named for the Loretta coal mine.

LOWERY CANYON - 15 miles north of Baldy Mountain on the north fork of Ponil Creek.

LYNN - On AT&amp;SF RR, 6 miles north of Raton. Railroad settlement at the south entrance to famous Raton Pass Tunnel, highest point on the line. Post Office, 1891 to 1910; mail to Wooten, Colorado.

MANCO BURRO - MANCO DE BURRO PASS - Spanish for "crippled". See Chicarica Mesa. Between Chicarica Mesa and Raton Mesa, southeast of Raton. Manco de Burro pass got its name first from a crippled burro, that was part of a pack train, hurt his knee, and limped in. Anything that limps is called "manco" in spanish according to litigation presented over the Maxwell Land Grant in 1883.

MAQUINA CREEK - Spanish for "machine". 14 miles south of Cimarron. Named for a sawmill in the early 1870's.

MARTINEZ - The Martinez family name is traceable to Hernan Martin Serrano, a settler who arrived with Onate in 1598. The Martin Serrano family returned to NM after the reconquest in 1692. By the 19th century descendants dropped the Serrano name and added ez to the surname Martin. First postmaster Marcelina V Martinez, Post Office 1889 to 1902.; mail to Aurora.

MAXWELL - Farming and ranching town on US 85, 13 miles north of Springer. Established in the late 1880's by the Maxwell Land and Irrigation Co on the Canadian River. Named for owner Lucien Maxwell. Post Office 1879, with suspensions and name changes to present day. Lucien Maxwell owned a total of 1,174,764.93 acres of land, the largest single land holding in the Western Hemisphere. He was a hunter and a trapper from Kaskaskia, Ill., who arrived in NM in 1849. He married Luz Beaubien, daughter of Carlos Beaubien, a wealthy landwowner. After the father's death he bought out the heirs. The land grant was not recognized by the US government on June 21, 1860. Wikipedia

MAXWELL LAND GRANT - Was 1,714,765 acre land grant held by Lucien Maxwell.It was the largest contiguous private land holding in the history of the United States. The following towns as well as numerous ghost towns were located within the area: Cimarron, Colfax, Dawson, Elizabethtown, French, Lynn, Maxwell, Miami, Raton, Rayado, Springer, Ute Park, and Vermejo Park. Wikipedia

MC CHRISTOBAL CREEK - Small tributary to Ponil Creek on CS Cattle Co. Ranch, northwest of Cimarron.

MC WILLIAMS CANYON - Extends from the Colorado state line to the Canadian Red River, 15 miles west of Raton. Named for a Baptist minister who made his home here during the 1870's.

MELOCHE - 10 miles south of Raton and 4 miles west of Thompson. Named for the first owner of the TO Ranch, Tony Meloche, who is listed as postmaster at Vermejo from 1874 to 1883.

MESA LARGO - "Mesa" is spanish for "tableland", the name for a high plateau. "largo" means long or large. It is 7 miles west of Capulin.

METCALF CANYON - North of North Ponil Creek, about 6 miles north of former Stern post office.

MEXICAN CREEK - In the northern part of the Moreno Valley, flows into Moreno Creek, which in turn flows into Eagle Nest Lake. Named by the Mexican gold miners of Elizabethtown., who congregated along this creek to make their adobes.

MIAMI, Farming and ranching community on State Road 21, 12 miles west of Springer, 8 miles southeast of Philmont Scout Base Camp, and 4 miles from Rayado. It was settled in 1908. The first colonists were from Miami County, Ohio., which got its name originally from a tribe of Native Americans who made their home in southwestern Ohio and southwest Indiana. Post Office 1908 to present day. Now an unincorporated community of 6 homes and 8 ranches. Wikipedia, Map.

MIAMI LAKE - Artificial reservoir, 8 miles west of Miami.

MICE LAKE - 5 miles northeast of Raton.

MIDNIGHT - A gold mining and boom town that was on Bitter Creek in the northwest corner of the Moreno Valley. Finally abandoned when the factions fought over the belle of the dance hall. Midnight was the liveliest time of the day; the name was chosen by the miners. Post Office 1895 to 1898; mail to Cerro. MILLS CREEK - Small creek in the north end of the Moreno Valley, flows into the Moreno River which goes on to Eagle Nest Lake. Named for Judge M. W. Mills.

MILLS PASS - 3 miles north west of Baldy Mountain, in the Maxwell Land Grant. See Mills Creek.

MOLLOY LAKE - See Lake Maloya

MORENO CREEK, NORTH, SOUTH - Spanish for "dark". These two creeks rise in extreme north and west end of the Moreno Valley and join to form the Moreno River.

MORENO RIVER - Flows south to Eagle Nest, these waters were used at one time for placer mining operations, when gold was washed off the ground in the Elizabethtown district.

MORENO VALLEY - In mountains on watershed between Colfax and Taos counties.

MOUNTVIEW - Post Office 1895 to 1900. Changed to DAWSON.

MUDDY CREEK - Small stream in the north end of the Moreno Valley, which at one time supplied water to placer miners of Elizabethtown. Flows into the Moreno River; waters are always riled and muddy, giving the stream its name.

Source: New Mexico Place Names, A Geographical Dictionary. T.M. Pearce, Ina Sizer Cassidy, Helen S pearce; The University of New Mexico Press, 1965. LCCC No. 64-17808.