DNA Day at the Family History Library

DNA Day!
World DNA Day is Sunday, April 25, 2021. Come celebrate with FamilySearch and the Family History Library on Monday, April 26, 2021. The Library will be sponsoring six DNA related classes. Classes will be taught via Zoom and broadcast live to RootsTech.org. Additional, DNA classes and resources will also be highlighted.

DNA Day at the FHL
Wondering what all the hype is about DNA? Come learn about DNA, find out if taking a DNA test is right for you, which tests you can take, and how it might help you in your family history.

Schedule
''Understanding and using DNA in genealogy research sometimes require additional study. Key steps, process, and additional resources for each class are listed below.''

Why Genealogists Use DNA
Why do genealogist use DNA? Do you want to learn more? You may be curious how DNA can help you with your genealogical research. All by itself your DNA results are not helpful. DNA is helpful when it is compared to others DNA. The theory is that finding someone who shares an exact segment of DNA with you means you share a most recent common ancestor or MRCA. DNA alone won't tell you who the ancestor is but used along with your paper trail you just might be able to discover the answer. There are different types of DNA that help solve different genealogical problems.

yDNA: paternal line

mtDNA: maternal line

atDNA: ancestral lines to 5-7 generations

Additional Resources

 * DNA Testing. What is it, and how can you benefit from it?
 * For ethics and privacy information visit The Genetic Genealogist

How Genealogists Use DNA
There are currently five DNA testing companies who test both ethnicity and provide match lists: AncestryDNA, FamilyTreeDNA, 23andMe, MyHeritage DNA, and Living DNA. The match lists are essential to using DNA in family history research. A comparison chart is at the right and more information on these companies can be found here.

Autosomal DNA (atDNA)
Autosomal DNA or atDNA testing can help with the following research questions.


 * Adoption and unknown parentage questions
 * Eliminating one of two possible ancestors
 * Finding up to about 3x great-grandparents

Y-DNA
Y-DNA testing can help with the following research questions.


 * An unknown father, grandfather, great-grandfather, etc.
 * Surname projects

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
Mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA is most useful when used in conjunction with atDNA on the maternal line.

Grouping DNA Matches
After taking a DNA test, most people have thousands if not hundreds of thousands of DNA matches. Clustering or building genetic networks is the process of grouping those matches based on which ancestor or ancestral line through which they relate. To create a cluster:


 * 1) Start with a match, if possible, determine your relationship
 * 2) Assign a colored dot (on Ancestry) or create a list of people in the cluster
 * 3) Use the shared matches feature to identify other matches who also share DNA with you and the match; add them to the cluster
 * 4) Repeat with other members of the cluster until the cluster has been mostly identified
 * 5) Name your cluster either using the name through which these people relate; if common ancestor is unknown, mark it as unknown

A cluster has been created.

Additional Resources

 * Learn more about the Leeds Method at https://www.danaleeds.com/the-leeds-method/ and https://www.yourdnaguide.com/leeds-method
 * AutoClusters are available from MyHeritage, Genetic Affairs, GEDMatch, and DNAGedcom. Note that AutoClustering is usually a Tier 1 or subscription service.

Using DNA to Determine Relationships
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Additional Resources

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Using DNA to Find Unknown Parents: A Case Study
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Additional Resources

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Using DNA to Solve a Brick Wall: A Case Study
Some brick wall research problems can be solved using a combination of sound, genealogical research coupled with DNA testing. To do so, you will want to follow these steps. These steps assume that you have taken a DNA test and have built a family tree. The case study for this presentation was done entirely using Ancestry DNA matches, but you can apply the same principles using other DNA companies.

Identify and Isolate your Matches

For those close matches, you may recognize their names or profiles. For other matches you will need to look at any tree information they have attached to their DNA profile. Do you recognize any of the names as being also found in your family tree? Or perhaps their ancestors lived in the same location as yours. Once you’ve identified how you are connected to a match, use the Shared Matches feature on Ancestry, to identify any other matches that share the same DNA. This process helps you to place all shared matches in one common cluster. Follow this procedure until you are able to isolate matches you are connected to along the brick wall line. See Grouping DNA Matches above for more ideas on how to identify and isolate your matches.

Depending on how far back the Brick Wall ancestor is you will want to make sure you isolate your match clusters to include only those who will share the same DNA. Those who connect to the children of the brick wall ancestor will also share the DNA of the spouse of the brick wall ancestor. Ideally you will want to identify matches who descend from possible siblings of the brick wall ancestor, and share the same parents.

Build Trees for your Matches

Next you will want to start building more fully the family trees of your identified and isolated matches. You can do that by using trees found online or by doing your own original research. These don’t have to be perfect at this point but rather provide a good basis for helping to craft a theory. It is most helpful to put all the matches in one shared tree and link the DNA match in your shared matches tree. As you start to unite these trees, you may see a pattern developing or a theory or two rise to the surface. Make notes regarding possible theories.

Craft a Theory

Based on the information you have put in your Shared matches tree, how are these matches connected? Where is the most likely place to find the Most Recent common Ancestor or the MRCA?

Confirm your Theory

In this case study, the information from the matches tree was entered in the What Are the Odds Tool found on DNAPainter.com. Once the data is entered you can test your theories by entering hypothesis or using the suggest hypothesis option. The WATO tool will tell you how likely your theory is to be true. The higher the number, the more likely you have a match.

Once you have your theory, do more research to determine if the theoretical MRCA lived in the area or associated with some of the same people as your ancestor. You may also need to reach out to other descendants of the MRCA to invite them to test to help confirm your hypothesis if you need more confirmation and regular genealogical research sources are not providing conclusive evidence.

Additional Resources
There are many videos online that may provide further assistance to your Brick Wall research and using DNA. Here are a few from RootsTech Connect held in February 2021.


 * [Tracing Ancestral Lines in the 17ahttps://www.familysearch.org/rootstech/rtc2021/series/tracing-ancestral-lines-in-the-1700s-using-dna00s Using DNA Tracing Ancestral Lines in the 1700s Using DNA] RootsTech Connect Video series by Tim Janzen
 * The Case for DNA RootsTech Connect Video series by Renate Yarborough Sanders
 * Discovering African Ancestry through DNA RootsTech Connect Video series by Andre Kearns, Joanna Mountain, Steven MIcheletti, Sherman McRae, Yetunde Moronke Abiola, Fonte Felipe, Jerome Spears
 * I Found You: Methods for Finding Hidden Family Members RootsTech Connect Video by Barb Groth

Past DNA Day Celebrations
The Family History Library first celebrated DNA Day on April 25, 2019. Classes taught included:


 * DNA: An Introduction to Genetic Genealogy (Recording [[Media:An Introduction to DNA and Genealogy.April 2019.pdf|Handout]])
 * DNA: I've Tested, Now What? (Recording [[Media:I've Tested My DNA, Now What.pdf|Handout]])
 * Finding an Unknown Parent Using DNA: A Case Study ([[Media:Finding an Unknown Parent Using DNA Case Study.pdf|Handout]])
 * Making DNA Connections through Descendancy Research (Recording [[Media:Making DNA Connections Through Descendancy Research.pdf|Handout]])