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England Hertfordshire  St Albans)

Guide to St Albans, Hertfordshire history, family history, and genealogy: parish registers, census records, birth records, marriage records, and death records.



History
GLASGOW, a city, the seat of a university, and a sea-port, having separate jurisdiction, locally in the Lower ward of the county of Lanark, and situated 23 miles (E. by S.) from Greenock, 29 (S. W. by S.) from Stirling, 34 (N.E.by N.) from Ayr, 43 (W. by S.) from Edinburgh, 79 (N. N. W.) from Dumfries, 144 (S. w.) from Aberdeen, 196 (N.N.E.) from Dublin, 213 (N. W. by N.) from Manchester, and 396 (N. W. by N.) from London.

Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland, and third-largest in the United Kingdom.

Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become the largest seaport in Britain. Expanding from the medieval bishopric and royal burgh, and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the fifteenth century, it became a major center of the Scottish Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. From the eighteenth century onward, the city also grew as one of Great Britain's main hubs of transatlantic trade with North America and the West Indies.

The area around Glasgow has hosted communities for millennia, with the River Clyde providing a natural location for fishing. The Romans later built outposts in the area and, to keep Roman Britannia separate from the Celtic and Pictish Caledonia, constructed the Antonine Wall. Items from the wall like altars from Roman forts like Balmuildy can be found at the Hunterian Museum today.

Glasgow itself was reputed to have been founded by the Christian missionary Saint Mungo in the 6th century. He established a church on the Molendinar Burn, where the present Glasgow Cathedral stands, and in the following years Glasgow became a religious center.

The first bridge over the River Clyde at Glasgow was recorded from around 1285, giving its name to the Briggait area of the city, forming the main North-South route over the river via Glasgow Cross. The founding of the University of Glasgow in 1451 and elevation of the bishopric to become the Archdiocese of Glasgow in 1492 increased the town's religious and educational status and landed wealth. Its early trade was in agriculture, brewing and fishing, with cured salmon and herring being exported to Europe and the Mediterranean.

Following the European Protestant Reformation and with the encouragement of the Convention of Royal Burghs, the 14 incorporated trade crafts federated as the Trades House in 1605 to match the power and influence in the town council of the earlier Merchants' Guilds who established their Merchants House in the same year. Glasgow was subsequently raised to the status of Royal Burgh in 1611. Glasgow's substantial fortunes came from international trade, manufacturing and invention, starting in the 17th century with sugar, followed by tobacco, and then cotton and linen, products of the Atlantic triangular slave trade.

After the Acts of Union in 1707, Scotland gained further access to the vast markets of the new British Empire, and Glasgow became prominent as a hub of international trade to and from the Americas, especially in sugar, tobacco, cotton, and manufactured goods. The city's Tobacco Lords created a deep water port at Port Glasgow on the Firth of Clyde, as the river within the city itself was then too shallow. By the late 18th century more than half of the British tobacco trade was concentrated on Glasgow's River Clyde, with over 47,000,000 lb (21,000 t) of tobacco being imported each year at its peak. At the time, Glasgow held a commercial importance as the city participated in the trade of sugar, tobacco and later cotton.

The opening of the Monkland Canal and basin linking to the Forth and Clyde Canal at Port Dundas in 1795, facilitated access to the extensive iron-ore and coal mines in Lanarkshire. After extensive river engineering projects to dredge and deepen the River Clyde as far as Glasgow, shipbuilding became a major industry on the upper stretches of the river, pioneered by industrialists such as Robert Napier, John Elder, George Thomson, Sir William Pearce and Sir Alfred Yarrow.

By the end of the 19th century it was one of the cities known as the "Second City of the Empire" and was producing more than half Britain's tonnage of shipping, and a quarter of all locomotives in the world. In addition to its preeminence in shipbuilding, engineering, industrial machinery, bridge building, chemicals, explosives, coal and oil industries it developed as a major center in textiles, garment-making, carpet manufacturing, leather processing, furniture-making, pottery, food, drink and cigarette making; printing and publishing. Shipping, banking, insurance and professional services expanded at the same time.

The 20th century witnessed both decline and renewal in the city. After World War I, the city suffered from the impact of the Post–World War I recession and from the later Great Depression, this also led to a rise of radical socialism and the "Red Clydeside" movement. The city had recovered by the outbreak of World War II and grew through the post-war boom that lasted through the 1950s. By the 1960s, growth of industry in countries like Japan and West Germany, weakened the once preeminent position of many of the city's industries.

As a result of this, Glasgow entered a lengthy period of relative economic decline and rapid de-industrialisation, leading to high unemployment, urban decay, population decline, welfare dependency and poor health for the city's inhabitants.

By the late 1980s, there had been a significant resurgence in Glasgow's economic fortunes. The "Glasgow's miles better" campaign, launched in 1983, and opening of the Burrell Collection in 1983 and Scottish Exhibition and Conference Center in 1985 facilitated Glasgow's new role as a European center for business services and finance and promoted an increase in tourism and inward investment.

However, it is the industrial heritage that serves as key tourism enabler. Wider economic revival has persisted and the ongoing regeneration of inner-city areas, including the large-scale Clyde Waterfront Regeneration, has led to more affluent people moving back to live in the center of Glasgow, fueling allegations of gentrification. The city is now considered by Lonely Planet to be one of the world's top 10 tourist cities.

Cemeteries (Civil)
Because of its size, as well as its long history, Glasgow has many cemeteries and crematoria. Rather than list them all individually, the following link provides information on them all:


 * Discover Glasgow: Cemeteries

Parishes
Scotland does not have Anglican Churches as such. Instead the denomination is known as the Scottish Episcopal Churche that follows the same liturgy. Glasgow also has an Episcopal Cathedral.

St Mary's Cathedral


 * 300 Great Western Rd
 * Glasgow G4 9JB
 * Phone: +44 141 339 6691

St Margaret of Scotland


 * 353 Kilmarnock Rd
 * Glasgow G43 2DS
 * Phone: +44 141 636 1131

St Bride's


 * 69 Hyndland Rd
 * Glasgow G12 9UX
 * Phone: +44 141 334 1401

Scottish Episcopal


 * Essenside Avenue
 * Glasgow G15 6DT
 * Phone: +44 141 954 5563

St James the Less


 * 66 Hilton Rd
 * Bishopbriggs, Glasgow G64 3EL
 * Phone: +44 141 563 5154

St Oswald's


 * 260 Castlemilk Rd
 * Glasgow G44 4LB
 * Phone: +44 141 440 7455

All Saints


 * 10 Woodend Dr
 * Glasgow G13 1QS

St Cyprian's


 * Beech Rd
 * Kirkintilloch, Glasgow G66 4HN
 * Phone: +44 141 776 0880

St Ninian's


 * 1 Albert Dr
 * Glasgow G41 2PE
 * Phone: +44 141 423 1247

Although there are some Episcopalian Churches as shown above, the major Church in Glasgow, as throughout Scotland, is the Church of Scotland. This denomination broke away from the original Catholic Church in 1560 AD. about the same time that Henry VIII broke away and formed the Anglican Church, with the reformation work of John Knox. Knox was greatly influenced by John Calvin, as well as by the work of Martin Luther in what is now Germany. The following web site provides information on the Church of Scotland:


 * The Presbytery of Glasgow, Church of Scotland

Non Conformists
Glasgow, as the largest city in Scotland, as well as the third largest in the British Isles, is home to many different denominations and groups. The major ones follow:


 * Baptist
 * Church of Christ
 * Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
 * Christian Science
 * Destiny Church
 * Glasgow Chinese Christian Church
 * Glasgow Prophetic Center
 * Jehovah's Witness
 * Methodist
 * Pentecostal
 * Roman Catholic
 * Salvation Army
 * Seventh Day Adventist

Additionally the following non-Christian groups have assemblies in the region of Glasgow:


 * Buddhist
 * Hindu
 * Jewish
 * Muslim
 * Sikh

Civil Registration
Birth, marriages and deaths records have been kept by the UK government since July 1837 to the present day. Prior to that, local parishes of the Episcopal Church, as well as the Church of Scotland and local branches of other faiths, were the only repositories of this information.


 * ukbmd.org: Lanarkshire Records


 * National Records of Scotland, BMD


 * bmd certificates.org: Glasgow office

Local Histories

 * localhistories.org: A History of Glasgow


 * The Glasgow Story


 * Glasgow A History by Michael Meighan


 * Great Glasgow Stories by John Burrowes


 * Glasgow; A History of the City by Michael Fry

Maps and Gazetteers

 * Michelin Maps: Glasgow


 * oldmapsonline: Glasgow


 * Glasgowguide.co.uk: Glasgow map


 * Gazetteers of Scotland: Glasgow


 * visionofbritain: Glasgow Gazetteer

Newspapers

 * The Scotsman


 * The Evening Times


 * The Herald, Scotland

Occupations
Glasgow has experienced major economic growth and development in recent years, bolstered by careful planning, a growing and young population, and business growth in high-tech and service sectors.

Launched in 2016, the current Economic Strategy is building on this success and aiming to make Glasgow the most productive major city economy in the UK by 2023. This will be achieved by creating the conditions for growth and supporting residents to take advantage of the opportunities this will create.

Within this framework, Glasgow looks to attract the right mix of business, productivity, innovation and investment to the city and building on its excellent infrastructure to be one of the most diverse and forward-thinking cities in Europe while being globally competitive in a number of sectors:


 * Creative Industries
 * Digital Technology
 * Engineering Design & Advanced Manufacturing
 * Finance & Business Services
 * Health & Life Sciences
 * Higher and Further Education
 * Low Carbon footprint technology
 * Tourism & Events

Glasgow also has the third highest GDP Per capita of any city in the UK (after London and Edinburgh). The city itself sustains more than 410,000 jobs in over 12,000 companies. Over 153,000 jobs were created in the city between 2000 and 2005 – a growth rate of 32% and this has continued for the next decade. Glasgow's annual economic growth rate of 4.4% is now second only to that of London.

Glasgow has improved its employment rate significantly, reaching its highest ever employment rate in 2016 of 67.3%. Glasgow’s Economic Strategy plans to maintain or exceed the city’s employment rate at the national Scottish average over the period 2017-2023. This will be achieved by taking advantage of underused talent in Glasgow and increasing the skills base.

Societies

 * Glasgow and West of Scotland Family History Society


 * Lanarkshire Family History Society


 * Glasgow Family History


 * old Glasgow Club History Group

Archives

 * The National Archives: Glasgow City


 * glasgowlife: Archives


 * University of Glagow; Archives


 * scottisharchives.org.uk: Glasgow

Web Sites

 * wikipedia; Glasgow


 * Glasgow City Council


 * North Lanarkshire County Council