Kingdom of Eswatini Colonial Records

South African Republic (1894-1899)
During the 1890s, eSwatini (then Swaziland) was under a triumviral administration between the Swazi people, the Dutch, and the British. In 1894, Swaziland was placed under the Dutch South African Republic as a protectorate. This lasted until the Second Boer War in 1899.

British Protectorate (1903-1968)
After the British victory in the Anglo-Boer War, Swaziland became a British Protectorate in 1903. Prior to this, Swaziland had been heavily influenced by British and Dutch rule in South Africa. During the British Protectorate, Swaziland was divided into European and non-European rule. eSwatini gained independence in 1968.