Union Pension Records

United States U.S. Military  U.S. Civil War  Pension Records

The pension law governing claims based on death or disability from military service was passed on 14 July 1862. Later pension laws were based on length of service and disability not necessarily incurred in the service. Beginning in 1892 women who were employed as nurses by the government were also eligible for pensions.

Pension Laws
Act of July 14, 1862 - Started the General Law pension system for Civil War veterans who had sustained war-related disabilities.Pensions became available to widows, children under 16 years of age, and dependent relatives of soldiers who died in military service from war related injuries.

Act of January 25,1872 - The veteran or his dependents permitted to collect a lump sum payment based on the date of death or discharge from the service. This payment was in addition to the monthly pension payment.

Act of 1890 - The pension based only on veteran's age and time of service.

Act of February 6, 1907 - Pension approved based on a veteran's age and length of service.

Civil War Pension Index Cards
Organization Index

The "Organization Index to Pension Files", an index to pension applications, is available online. Officially called the "Organization Index to Pension Files of Veterans Who Served Between 1861 and 1900" (NARA T289). Despite the name, the records actually cover veterans who served in the US Army between 1861-1917. Each card gives the soldier’s name, application and certificate numbers, state of enlistment, and might include rank and death information. The majority of the records are of Civil War veterans, but the collection also includes records for veterans of other wars from the same time period.

See "Civil War ‘Widows’ Pensions" section below for information on how to obtain the actual pension records.

General Index

The "General Index to Pension Files" officially the "General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934" (NARA T288) is available online. This index is similar to the "Organization Index" mentioned above. It is arranged in a different format, however, and the information on the cards is slightly different. The index is arranged by the veteran’s or widow’s name and his unit, rank, date and application number, certificate number if accepted, and state of filing. As mentioned above, the pension files that this index and the "Organizational Index" refer to have not been filmed and are only available at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.

See "Civil War ‘Widows’ Pensions" section below for information on how to obtain the actual pension records.

Online
 * 1861-1917 - at FamilySearch — index
 * 1861-1934 - at FamilySearch — index and images

Civil War ‘Widows’ Pensions
The actual pension records that the "Organization Index" and "General Index" refer to are currently only available through the National Archives. Fold3.com is in the process of digitizing records of approved pension applications for the years 1861-1910, the "Civil War "Widows' Pensions". These records have never been microfilmed and are being digitized directly from the original documents. The process is very slow and may take quite some time. You can check their progress at Fold3.com. For information on how to order pension records from the National Archives see requesting copies of Civil War service and pension records.

As of December 2011, only 3 percent of the pension records are available online. The "Civil War ‘Widows’ Pensions" are available to access at no charge at any library that provides free access to Fold3.com.

Online


 * Civil War "Widows' Pensions" (Fold3) ($)
 * (FamilySearch) - Index only

1883 Pension Roll
The 1883 Pension Roll is available online. On December 8, 1882, the U.S. Senate required the Secretary of Interior to submit a list of pensioners on the roll January 1, 1883. The Secretary of Interior submitted the completed list to the Senate on March 1, 1883. The 1883 Pension Roll was published that year in five volumes as "List of Pensioners on the Roll, January 1, 1883...". The majority of pensioners listed were from the Civil War. However, there were pensioners from other wars, including the War of 1812.

Veterans Administration Pension Payment Cards, 1907–1933
The Veterans Administration Pension Payment Cards, 1907–1933 (NARA M850) (Worldcat) collection is useful for veterans who were on the pension rolls between 1907 and 1933, except World War I pensioners. About two million cards record payment to veterans and widows. The veteran’s name, unit or branch of service, certificate number, law under which pensioned, rate of pension, pension date, date of certificate, place of residence, death date, former roll number, and widow’s name may be included on the cards.

Online


 * (FamilySearch)


 * A wiki article describing the above online collection is found at:


 * United States, Veterans Administration Pension Payment Cards (FamilySearach Historical Records)

Index to General Correspondence, 1889-1904
The "Index to General Correspondence of the Record and Pension Office, 1889-1904" (NARA M686) contains index cards to the correspondence received at the Record and Pension Office. Abstracts of the communications and copies or drafts of replies to them were recorded on cards, which were given the same number as the incoming correspondence. The cards generally include the name of the soldier, the organization in which he served, the name of the person or office who made the inquiry, the subject of the inquiry, and the file number.

Online


 * U.S. Index to General Correspondence of the Record and Pension Office, 1889-1904(Ancestry) ($)
 * (FamilySearch)


 * Note: The FamilySearch collection is missing surname ranges “Dunf-Durd” (roll 107), “Hern-Hia” (roll 163), and “Shee-Shep” (roll 310).

Libraries


 * Locate these records at a library using Worldcat.
 * Family History Library

Navy Widows' Certificates
The "Navy Widows' Certificates" or "Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War and Later Navy Veterans, ('Navy Widows' Certificates'), 1861-1910" (NARA M1279) consists of approved pension applications of widows and other dependents of U.S. Navy veterans who served between 1861 and 1910. Applications prior to approval were referred to as "originals", after approval a new file number was issued and they then became known as "certificates".

To learn more about the Navy Widows' Certificates see an explanation of the records at Fold3.

Online


 * Navy Widows' Certificates (Fold3) ($)
 * (FamilySearch) - Index only
 * U.S. Navy Pensions Index, 1861-1910 (Ancestry) ($) (note: Index only - includes M1279, M1274, M1469, M1408. Name search can be done for free.)


 * A wiki article describing the above online collection is found at:


 * United States Navy Widows' Certificates (FamilySearch Historical Records)

Navy Survivors' Certificates
The "Navy Survivors' Certificates" or "Case files of approved pension applications of Civil War and later Navy veterans (Navy Survivor's Certificates), 1861-1910" (NARA M1469) consists of approved pension applications of U.S. Navy veterans who served between 1861 and 1910. Applications prior to approval were referred to as "originals", after approval a new file number was issued and they then became known as "certificates'.

To learn more about the Navy Widows' Certificates see an explanation of the records at Fold3.

Online


 * Navy Survivors' Certificates (Fold3) ($)
 * U.S. Navy Pensions Index, 1861-1910 (Ancestry) ($) (note: Index only - includes M1279, M1274, M1469, M1408. Name search can be done for free.)

Other Navy Pension Records

 * Navy Widows' Originals (M1274). Disapproved pension applications of widows and other dependents of U.S. Navy veterans.


 * Navy Survivors' Originals (M1408). Disapproved pension applications of U.S. Navy veterans.

With the exception of the FHL microfiche for the Navy Widows' Originals, the Navy Widows' Originals and the Navy Survivors' Originals collections are currently only available from the National Archives.

Additional Resources
Additional pension records are available at state archives and historical societies.

Old War Index to Pension Files, 1815-1926


 * A small number of Civil War soldiers are mentioned in the "Old War Index to Pension Files, 1815-1926" (NARA T316). The records are available online. Civil War soldiers are usually only included if they were members of the regular army and had served prior to the Civil War.

FamilySearch Research Classes

Military Records: Pre-WWI Pension Applications (16 minute online video) FamilySearch Research Classes Online, 2010.