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England East Sussex  Brighton

Guide to Brighton, East Sussex ancestry, family history, and genealogy: parish registers, transcripts, census records, birth records, marriage records, and death records.



History
The first settlement in the Brighton area was Whitehawk Camp, a Neolithic encampment on Whitehawk Hill which has been dated to between 3500 BC and 2700 BC. It is one of six cause-wayed enclosures in Sussex. Archaeologists have only partially explored it, but have found numerous burial mounds, tools and bones, suggesting it was a place of some importance. There was also a Bronze Age settlement at Coldean. Brythonic Celts arrived in Britain in the 7th century BC, and an important Brythonic settlement existed at Hollingbury Camp on Hollingbury Hill. This Celtic Iron Age encampment dates from the 3rd or 2nd century BC and is circumscribed by substantial earthwork outer walls with a diameter of c. 1,000 feet (300 m). Cissbury Ring, roughly 10 miles (16 km) from Hollingbury, is suggested to have been the tribal "capital".

Later, there was a Roman villa at Preston Village, a Roman road from London ran nearby, and much physical evidence of Roman occupation has been discovered locally. From the 1st century AD, the Romans built a number of villas in Brighton and Romano-British Brythonic Celts formed farming settlements in the area. After the Romans left in the early 4th century AD, the Brighton area returned to the control of the native Celts. Anglo-Saxons then invaded in the late 5th century AD, and the region became part of the Kingdom of Sussex, founded in 477 AD by king Ælle.

By the time of the Domesday survey in 1086 it was a fishing and agricultural settlement, a rent of 4,000 herring was established, and its population was about 400. Its importance grew from the Norman era onward. By the 14th century there was a parish church, a market and rudimentary law enforcement (the first town constable was elected in 1285). Sacked and burnt by French invaders in the early 16th century—the earliest depiction of Brighton, a painting of c. 1520, shows Admiral Pregent de Bidoux's attack of June 1514—the town recovered strongly based on a thriving mackerel-fishing industry.

From the 1730s, Brighton entered its second phase of development—one which brought a rapid improvement in its fortunes. The contemporary fad for drinking and bathing in seawater as a purported cure for illnesses was enthusiastically encouraged by Dr Richard Russell from nearby Lewes. He sent many patients to "take the cure" in the sea at Brighton, published a popular treatise on the subject, and moved to the town soon afterwards (the Royal Albion, one of Brighton's early hotels, occupies the site of his house).

The arrival of the London and Brighton Railway in 1841 brought Brighton within the reach of day-trippers from London. The population grew from around 7,000 in 1801 to more than 120,000 by 1901. Many of the major attractions were built during the Victorian era, such as the Grand Hotel (1864), the West Pier (1866), and the Palace Pier (1899). Prior to either of these structures, the famous Chain Pier was built, to the designs of Captain Samuel Brown. It lasted from 1823 to 1896, and is featured in paintings by both Turner and Constable.

From the middle 1950's onward, Brighton has come to be known as the Queen city of the South Coast of England.

Cemeteries (Civil)
Sunderland has 3 major civil cemeteries:

Bishopwearmouth Cemetery:

Address:


 * Chester Road
 * Sunderland SR4 7SU
 * Phone: +44 191 520 5555

Southwick Cemetery:

Address:


 * 25 Helmsley Ct
 * Sunderland SR5 5HH

Sunderland Cemetery:

Address:


 * 28 Kitchener Terrace
 * Sunderland SR2 9RR

Additionally there are 2 more cemeteries that are now no longer in use, but may have historic value:

Mere Knolls Cemetery:

Address:


 * 8LG, Torver Cres
 * Sunderland SR6

Houghton Cemetery:

Address:


 * 16 Dunholm Cl
 * Houghton le Spring DH5 8NX

Parishes
Sunderland has several Anglican churches. These follow:

St. Andrew's


 * Address:
 * Talbot Road
 * Roker
 * Tyne and Wear SR6 9PT

St. Cuthbert's Church


 * Address:
 * Rotherham Rd
 * Sunderland SR5 5QS
 * Phone: +44 191 537 3744

St Mary's and St' Peter's Church


 * Address:
 * Springwell Rd
 * Sunderland SR3 4DY

St. Matthew's Silkworth


 * Address:
 * Silksworth Road
 * New Silksworth
 * Sunderland, SR3 2AA

St. Chad's


 * Address:
 * Durham Road/Charter Drive
 * Sunderland SR3 3PG
 * Phone: 0191 528 2397

St. Peter's


 * Address:
 * Fulwell Road
 * Monkwearmouth
 * Sunderland, SR6 0JD

Non Conformists
Sunderland is a very diverse area, with many races and religions in the community. These include:


 * Baptist
 * Bethany City Church
 * Calvary Christian Fellowship
 * Catholic
 * Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
 * Jehovah's Witnesses
 * Methodist
 * Pentecostal
 * Plymouth Brethren

There are communities of non Christian religions including the following:


 * Buddhist
 * Confucian
 * Jews
 * Muslim
 * Sikh

Civil Registration
Birth, marriages and deaths were kept by the government, from July 1837 to the present day. The civil registration article tells more about these records. There are several Internet sites with name lists or indexes.


 * National Archives


 * UKBMD org

Local Histories

 * Englandsnortheast: Sunderland


 * Localhistories: Sunderland


 * A History of Sunderland by Glen Lyndon Dodds


 * Sunderland Through Time by Keith Cockerill

Maps and Gazetteers

 * google maps: Sunderland


 * Sunderland City Council Maps


 * Oldmapsonline: Sunderland


 * VisionofBritain: Gazetteer

Newspapers

 * The Sunderland Echo


 * The Evening Chronicle

Occupations
Since the demise of the shipbuilding industry in the late twentieth century, Sunderland has had to rebuild its core competence. Since the mid-1980s Sunderland has undergone massive regeneration.

Sunderland University was opened in 1969, and has continued to grow, providing employment opportunities in the field of higher education.

Japanese car manufacturer Nissan opened the Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK factory in 1986, with the first Nissan Bluebird car being produced later that year. The factory and its supplier companies remain the largest employers in the region, with current cars produced there including the Nissan Qashqai and Nissan Juke. As of 2012 over 500,000 cars are produced annually, and it is the UK's largest car factory.

Also in the late 1980s, new service industries moved into sites such as the Doxford International Business Park in the south west of the city, attracting national and international companies. Sunderland was named in the shortlist of the top seven "intelligent cities" in the world for the use of information technology.

Redevelopment of the Monkwearmouth Colliery site, a major producer of coal that was shut down in the 1980's, which sits of the north bank of the river Wear opposite the Vaux site, began in the mid-1990s with the creation of the Stadium of Light football stadium. In 2008, it was joined by the Sunderland aquatic center.

Sunderland used to be a major glass-making center for the UK, with companies such as Corning and Pyrex based there. However these were shut down early in the 21st. century. Recently there has been a modest rejuvenation with the opening of the National Glass Center which, among other things, provides international glass makers with working facilities and a shop to showcase their work, predominantly in the artistic rather than functional field.

Societies

 * Sunderland City records


 * Sunderland Antiquarians


 * Northumberland and Durham Family History Society

Archives

 * Sunderland City Archives


 * Tyne and Wear Archives


 * University of Sunderland Archives

Web Sites

 * wikipdia: Sunderland, Tyne and Wear


 * Sunderland City Council