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Before South Dakota was a state in 1889, parts of South Dakota were included in the as Iowa Territory, the  as Minnesota Territory, the,  and the  as Dakota Territory.

Federal Census Records
Federal Censuses were taken for the state of South Dakota starting in 1890, although only one page survived. The 1900 Census is the next Federal Census available. Before South Dakota was a state in 1889, parts of South Dakota were included in the 1836 Iowa Territory census (also known as Wisconsin Territory), 1840 U.S. Census as Iowa Territory, 1850 U.S. Census as Minnesota Territory, and the 1860, 1870, 1880 U.S. Census as Dakota Territory.
 * Federal Census links

Territory and State Census Records
State censuses were taken at the state-level and territorial censuses were taken by the federal government. See South Dakota Census for more information about censuses taken in South Dakota.