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Specific to Alabama

 * American Indians in Alabama: The Encyclopedia of Alabama is a rich resource with many articles about American Indians in Alabama.
 * Tribes: The State of Alabama Indian Affairs Commission. This site is an overview of Staff, Tribes, Chiefs & Commissioners, Legislation, Genealogy Programs & Scholarship, Areas of Interest, and Special Events. It lists the tribes recognized by the State of Alabama.
 * Digital Alabama: Digital Alabama is a site with many books about Alabama on site.
 * FamilySearch Digital Library: Report of the Alabama History Commission to the governor of Alabama, December 1, 1900. Part V, Aboriginals and Indian Remains in Alabama, page 355.
 * Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes for the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole Indian tribes, of which, all but the Seminole where in Alabama. In 1893 Congress established a commission to exchange Indian tribal lands in the southeastern United States for land allotments to individuals in Oklahoma. More than 250,000 people applied to the commission for enrollment and land, with just over 100,000 approved. The records include Applications for enrollment, Enrollment cards, and Letter logs. Indexes and images on line: National Archives
 * Guion Miller Roll - Easter Cherokee, also from Alabama. In 1902 the Eastern Cherokee sued the United States to get the funds due then under the treaties of 1835, 1836, and 1845. In 1906, the court awarded more than $1 million to be split among the Eastern Cherokees. There were 45,847 applications filed, representing some 90,000 individuals. Indexes and Images on line:National Archives(Index)

Tribes Recognized by the Federal Government

 * Poarch Band of Creek Indians

Tribes Recognized by the State of Alabama
State Recognized Tribes Active Tribes


 * Cherokee, including Echota Cherokee, Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama, Cher-O-Creek Intra Tribal Indians, and the United Cherokee Ani-Yun-Wiya Nation, Cherokees of Southeast Alabama
 * Chickasaw
 * Choctaw, including the MOWA Band, Mobile Choctaw, and Mukalsa Choctaw
 * Muskogee Creek, including Poarch Band, Yuchi, the Ma-Chis Lower Creek, Cher-O-Creek Intra Tribal Indians, and Star Clan of Muskogee Creek
 * Natchez
 * Shawnee Piqua
 * Yuchi

Extinct Bands

Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Alabama
Eastern Region Regional Office Indian Affairs 545 Marriott Drive Suite 700 Nashville, TN 37214 Phone: 615-564-6500 Fax Number: 615-564-6701

== Reservations ==

The Poarch Creek Indian Reservation is a Creek Indian reservation in the state of Alabama. It is the home of the Poarch Band of Creek Indians, the only federally recognized Native American tribe in the state.

The reservation is located eight miles (13 km) northwest of Atmore. Of the Poarch Band's 2,340 members, about 1,000 lived on or near the 230-acre (0.93 km2) reservation as of 2006. The Poarch Band also holds other trust lands in Alabama and Florida.


 * Creek Reservation
 * Poarch Band of Creek - State, under jurisdiction of Choctaw Agency Tribe: Poarch Band of Creek

Map - Alabama- Indian Reservations- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations. by the U.S. Department of Interior and U.S. Geological Survey.

Cherokees

 * Allen, Maud Bliss. Census Records and Cherokee Muster Rolls. Washington, D.C.: n.p., 1935. This source contains the Cherokee census of 1835 of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Online at:FamilySearch Digital Library.


 * United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Census Roll, 1835, of the Cherokee Indians East of the Mississippi and Index to the Roll, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina, Georgia. National Archives Microfilm Publications, T0496. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1960.


 * Siler, David W. The Eastern Cherokees, A Census of the Cherokee Nation in North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia in 1851. Cottonport, Louisiana: Polyanthus, 1972. This list contains the names of each person’s father, mother and children, with their ages and relationship (De Kalb, Jackson, and Marshall Counties). An index is included.


 * Malone, Henry Thompson. Cherokees of the Old South: A People in Transition. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1956. See the maps before the preface. At the end of the book there is a bibliography.


 * Cherokee scion. Nelson, Karleen Emmrich and Nelson, Eugene P. Emmrich Publishing, March 2005. Online at:FamilySearch Digital Library.
 * The Eastern Cherokees. Gilbert, William Harlen. Smithsonian Institution, 1943. Online at:FamilySearch Digital Library.
 * Census records and Cherokee muster rolls. Allen, Maud Bliss. 1935. Online at:FamilySearch Digital Library.
 * Cherokee census record of 1835 and muster rolls : copied 1935 in Washington, D.C.. Allen, Maud Bliss. 1935. Online at:FamilySearch Digital Library.


 * The Cherokee Registry. This site is meant to aid families in researching their Cherokee ancestry.


 * United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Cherokee Agency. Records of the Cherokee Agency in Tennessee, 1801–1835. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0208. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1952. These records deal with the entire Cherokee Nation. They contain information about passes given to people during 1801 to 1804 allowing them to go through the Cherokee lands. These records also mention claims filed 1816 to 1833 and include the names of Army officers at posts; unauthorized settlements on Indian lands; land office records; and names of traders, settlers, missionaries, chiefs, and members of the tribe. See the introduction at the beginning of the first film to learn about the contents of these records. Many individuals are listed, however there is no index.


 * United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Letters Received, 1824–1881; Registers of Letters Received, 1824–1880. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0018, M0234. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1942, 1956. There are letters in this collection pertaining to each of the major tribes, but they are not indexed.


 * Tyner, James W. Those Who Cried: The 16,000: A Record of the Individual Cherokees Listed in the United States Official Census of the Cherokee Nation Conducted in 1835. N.p.: Chi-ga-u, 1974. Non-Cherokee census takers in 1835 made lists of Cherokees in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. There are some errors because they did not understand the native languages. The government defined a person as an Indian if he or she had one-quarter degree of Indian blood. The book is indexed and has excellent maps for that period.

Chickasaw
For a history of the Chickasaw nation, see:


 * Malone, James H. The Chickasaw Nation: A Short Sketch of A Noble People. Louisville, Kentucky: John P. Morton, 1922., online at:Archive.org. A map at the end of the book shows the Mississippi and Alabama lands ceded by the Chickasaws in 1835.
 * History of the Choctaw, Chickasaw and Natchez Indians. Cushman, H. B. Headlight Printing House, Greenville, TX, 1899. Online at:FamilySearch Digital Library.

Choctaw
A 1831 list of Choctaws in Alabama and Mississippi is in:


 * American State Papers: Legislative and Executive of the Congress of the United States online at:FamilySearch Digital Library, cited under the subheading France (1710–1763) in Alabama Land and Property. Volume Seven, on Family History Library film 944499 item 2, pages 1–140, has the 1831 Armstrong roll of Choctaws owning farms who were entitled to receive land under the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek of 1830. The volume is indexed. These records are like a census, listing head of family, the number of males over 16, number of males and females under 10, number of acres, and location.

Creek
Some published sources with information about the Creek People are:


 * Eggleston, George Cary. Red Eagle and the Wars with the Creek Indians. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company Publishers, 1878. Digital version at FamilySearch Digital Library
 * Snider, Billie Ford. Full Name Indexes, Eastern Creek Indians East of the Mississippi. Pensacola, Florida: Antique Compiling, 1993. This source lists ancestors of the Eastern Creeks living in 1814 and descendants to about 1972. The final chapter contains a detailed history of the Creeks from the 1600s to 1973 and offers suggestions for Eastern Creek Indian ancestral research.
 * Stiggins, George. Creek Indian History: A Historical Narrative of the Genealogy, Traditions and Downfall of the Ispocoga or Creek Indian Tribe of Indians. Birmingham, Alabama: Birmingham Public Library Press, 1989. A bibliography is found on pages 166–70.
 * Abbott, Thomas J. Creek Census of 1832 (Lower Creeks). Laguna Hills, California: Histree, 1987. This is indexed by name.
 * Parsons, Benjamin S. Creek Census of 1832 (Upper Creeks). Laguna Hills, California: Histree, 1987. This is indexed by name.

Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters. They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:


 * Allotment records
 * Annuity rolls
 * Census records
 * Correspondence
 * Health records
 * Reports
 * School census and records
 * Vital records

The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Washington has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs..., Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians , and others.

The current Agency is:
 * Choctaw Agency 421 Powell Philadelphia, MS, 39350
 * Eastern Region Regional Office, Indian Affairs 545 Marriott Drive Suite 700 Nashville, TN 37214

Some Important Historical Events
Most American Indians in Alabama were forced to go to the Indian Territory (now a part of Oklahoma) in the 1830s. A few remained in Alabama.

General histories with information about the events involving the American Indians in Alabama are:


 * Pickett, Albert James. History of Alabama and Incidentally of Georgia and Mississippi, From the Earliest Period. Sheffield, Alabama: R.C. Randolph, 1896. This book gives a chronological history of the events affecting the American Indians to about 1820. Online at:FamilySearch Digital Library.
 * Young, Mary Elizabeth. Redskins, Ruffle shirts and Rednecks: Indian Allotments in Alabama and Mississippi 1830–1860. The Civilization of the American Indian Series. Norman. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1961. This book describes the opening up and sale of Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek Indian lands until about the 1840s. An excellent bibliography is found at the end of the book.

Bibliography of Published Books and Articles

 * The book Alabama History: An Annotated Bibliography by Lynda W. Brown mentioned in Alabama History contains sections on the American Indian tribes of Alabama

Research Facilities
Family History Library

The Family History Library in Salt Lake City has a large collection of American Indian sources, including:


 * Copies of many of the microfilmed records of the National Archives.
 * Copies of some records of agencies and other offices, obtained through their own records preservation program.
 * A book collection of histories, biographies, guides, etc. for American Indian research.

To determine the full extent of their holdings, search their catalog, using their Keyword Search, Place Search, and Subject Search, looking for names of tribes and offices. Also, many of their holdings are under the Subject Search for:


 * NATIVE RACES
 * CHEROKEE INDIANS
 * CHICKASAW INDIANS
 * CHOCTAW INDIANS
 * CREEK INDIANS

Records of American Indians can also be found in the Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:


 * ALABAMA — NATIVE RACES

National Archives
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is responsible for the preservation of the records of historical importance created by federal offices in the United States of America, including those of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its predecessor, the Office of Indian Affairs. (Read more...)

Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
Many of the Regional Archives have collected records of the federal offices in their region, including those of the field jurisdictions of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Some of the field jurisdictions are the superintendencies, agencies, schools, factories and area offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

The Pacific Alaska Regional Archives (NARA) in Seattle has jurisdiction for the preservation of the records of federal offices in Idaho, including those of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

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