Minnesota Census

Additional Information may be found on the United States Census Portal page.

Availablity
1860-1930-- Census Records are available for with the following exceptions:

1870--The National Archives copy of the 1870 census was destroyed, another version was reconstructed from duplicates preserved by the state. The Family History Library has copies from both the Minnesota Historical Society (Archives and Manuscripts Collections) and the National Archives.

1890-- Census lost for all counties except Rockford Township, Wright County

1890--Union Veteran Schedule. The Minnesota Histoirical Society has produced two microfiche of 1890 census information. It covers several families in Rockville Township, Wright County.

1900-- The schedule for White Earth Indian Reservation follows Yellow Medicine County Census

Historical Background
Minnesota became a state in 1858. The land area that we now know as Minnesota was once a part of Michigan, Iowa and Wisconsin Terriroties.

Minnesota has an 1850 federal territorial census, but the first federal census taken for the state of Minnesota was in 1860. Although most of the 1890 census was destroyed, small portions do exist for Minnesota:


 * United States. Census Office. 11th Census, 1890. Population Schedules of the Eleventh Census of the United States, 1890. National Archives Microfilm Publication M0407. Washington, D.C.: The National Archives, 1962. (FHL film 926499 is for Minnesota.) The schedules for parts of Rockford, Wright County, Minnesota start on page 1017. For an every-name index to the 1890 census see:

Statewide indexes
The census schedules of 1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880 are indexed.

An 1860 every-name card index on microfilm is:


 * Index to the 1860 Federal Census Schedules for Minnesota. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society, Division of Archives and Manuscripts, 1978. (FHL films 1373881–911). The page numbers in this card index do not always correspond to the page numbers in the National Archives microfilms of the 1860 census. This index may be used to decide which county and township the family lived in. Then that location can be searched line by line on the census schedules.

The Minnesota Historical Society has an every-name card index to the 1870 federal census that is different from the printed version. The index is on microfilm and is available through interlibrary loan. A few printed county or area indexes exist for some of the state censuses.

1880,1900, 1920 Indexes-- Soundex (phonetic) are available for part of the 1880 census and all of the 1900 and 1920 censuses.

There is no statewide index to the 1910 census of Minnesota.

County-wide indexes to federal censuses often contain the names of every person in the household, and may also include heads of households who were overlooked or whose names were misspelled in statewide indexes. County-wide indexes are listed in the Family History Library Catalog Place Search under:

MINNESOTA, [COUNTY]– CENSUS – [YEAR]

When indexes are not available or a name is omitted from an index you can still look for the name in the census. To find a person who lived in a large city, it helps to first find his or her address in the city directory for the same year as the census. (See the "Directories" section of this outline). Then look for that address on the original census schedules.

The following reference tools help determine which census schedule microfilm and enumeration district to search for specific addresses:


 * Kirkham, E. Kay. A Handy Guide to Record- Searching in the Larger Cities of the United States. Logan, Utah: Everton, 1974. (FHL book 973 D27kc; fiche 6010059-60.) Contains street maps for Duluth, Minneapolis, and St. Paul.

Census Descriptions of Geographic Subdivisions and Enumerations Districts.

Veteran Schedules (1890)
A special census was taken in 1890 of Union veterans of the Civil War:


 * United States. Census Office. 11th Census, 1890. Schedules Enumerating Union Veterans and Widows of Union Veterans of the Civil War. National Archives Microfilm Publication M123. (On 118 FHL films.) The Minnesota returns are available at the Family History Library on FHL films 338181–84. This census lists the veteran’s name or widow, rank, company and regiment or vessel, dates of service, and current post office address. An index to the Minnesota returns has been published:
 * Dilts, Bryan Lee. 1890 Minnesota Census Index of Civil War Veterans or Their Widows. Salt Lake City, Utah: Index Publishing, 1985. (FHL book 977.6 X22d 1890).

Mortality
A mortality schedule is a list of persons who died in the 12-months period prior to the census

There are published indexes to the Minnesota mortality schedules for 1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880.

1850-- indexed by county

1860--indexed

1870-- indexed by county

1880-- indexed


 * Jackson, Ronald Vern, ed. Mortality Schedule, Minnesota 1880. Bountiful, Utah: Accelerated Indexing Systems. 1979.  (FHL book 977.6X2j 1880) the list is arranged alpahbetically and gives the  county of residence.

1900-- the surviving portion of the 1900 mortality schedule taken for Minnesota.


 * Warren, James W. Minnesota 1900 Census Mortality Schedule. St. Paul Minnesota
 * Mortality Records of Minnestoa by Counties from the Territorial Period of 1850 to the End of the year 1870: with the Records of St. Louis County to End of Year. This book gives name, age, sex. state or country of birth, occupation and month of death.  The St. Louis County lists are for 1872-1879 and 1881-1883.  This book is arranged by county and is not indexed.  The records come form the federal census except St. Louis County, which appears to come from local records

The following special census are available at the Minnesota Historical Society

Agricultural:
Agricultural census lists: name of agent, manager, or owner of farm, acres of land, cash value of farm, value of farm implements and machinery, number of various farm animals, value of livestock, amounts produced of grains, wool, cotton, dairy and all farm products, value of orchard products, value of homemade manufactures, and value of animals slaughtered.

Years taken: 1850,1860,1870 and 1880

Manufacture:
Manufacture census lists: name of corporation, company or individual, name of business, capital invested in real and personal estate, raw materials, used, value of fuel, kind of motive power, machinery, structures, resources, average number of hands employed, average wages, annual products, total amount paid in wages, number of months in active operation, greatest number of persons employed at one time, number of workers on full time, 3/4 time, 1/2 time, idle, value of products.

Years taken: 1860, 1870, &amp; 1880

Social Statistics:
Social statistics census lists: value of estate, annual taxes, number and types of schools, methosd of funding, libraries, newpapers, number and type of churches, pauperism, crime, hired labor, amount of public debt, homeless children, inhabitatns imprisoned,  paupers and indigents, deaf-mutes, blind, insane

Years taken: 1860,1870 ,&amp; 1880

State Census
Minnesota has state censuses for the years:

1865: name, sex, colored, deaf, dumb, blind, soldier in service on June1, 1865.

1875: name, age, sex, color, place of birth, father of foreign birth, mother of foreign birth

1885: name, age, sex, color, place of birth, father of foreign birth, mother of foreign birth, weather deaf, dumb, blind, insane or soldier in Civil War

1895: gives same as 1885 Plus: length of residence in state and enumeration district; occupation, months reguarly employed in previous year, if previously enumerated in census.

1905: gives same as 1895 Plus: street address, place of birth of father, place of birth of mother, service in Civil and Spanis Wars.

Portions of some counties have been indexed, and some are available in published format. Census schedules for some years have been lost for some counties. Microfilms are available at the Minnesota Historical Society and at the Family History Library.

The Minnesota Historical Society created guides of their collection for the 1865, 1875, 1885, 1895, and 1905 censuses that include a county index, an introduction that lists counties that have no schedule, and a roll content list that has the subdivisions (townships, municipalities) in each county and the order they appear on the roll. To find these guides, see the Place Search of the catalog under:

MINNESOTA – CENSUS – [YEAR] – INVENTORIES, REGISTERS, CATALOGS

The Minnesota Historical Society’s Genealogical Resources of the Minnesota Historical Society, A Guide has information on all the censuses that pertain to Minnesota. (See the "Minnesota Archives and Libraries" section of this outline.)

Some of the early territorial censuses have been published in the Minnesota Genealogist and the Minnesota Genealogical Journal. (See the "Minnesota_Periodicals" section of this outline.)

Microfilm numbers of Minnesota territorial or state censuses are listed in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:

MINNESOTA – CENSUS– [YEAR]

They are also found in:

State Census Register: State and County Censuses Located at the Family History Library  Salt Lake City, Utah: Family History Library, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,2005 (FHL book 973 X23us Vol. 1-3)


 * Jackson, Ronald Vern. Michigan 1820 Census Index. Bountiful, Utah: Accelerated Indexing Systems, 1981. (FHL book 977.4 X22m 1820.)

Territorial Census
Portions of present-day Minnesota were included in the 1836 Wisconsin territorial census, as part of Crawford and Dubuque counties. (Dubuque County was later in Iowa Territory.) In 1838, the Wisconsin territorial census covered some of Minnesota in Crawford and Clayton counties. Some Minnesota residents are listed in the 1840 territorial censuses of Wisconsin and Iowa.

In 1849 Minnesota became its own territory. Territorial censuses were taken in 1849, 1850, 1853, 1855 and 1857. A microfilmed index is at Minnesota Historical Library and available through interlibrary loan. Parts or all of some of these censuses have been lost. Others are at the Minnesota Historical Society Library. The Family History Library has:


 * Minnesota. Census Bureau. Schedules of the Minnesota Census of 1857. National Archives Microfilm Publication, T1175. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1973. (FHL films 944283–90.) The 1857 census is arranged alphabetically by county and then by the smaller jurisdiction. It was taken 21 September 1857 and lists each household member and includes name, age, sex, race, birth locality (state, territory, or country), occupation, and if naturalized or native citizen.

According to the article below, some fictional names of people and places of residence were listed in southwestern Minnesota in the 1857 census:


 * Forrest, Robert J. Mythical Cities of Southwestern Minnesota. Minnesota History: A Quarterly Magazine. 14, no. 3 (September 1933): 243–62. (FHL book 977.6 H25m; film 965778.)

Web Sites
Ancestry: http://ancestry.com ($)

Heritage Quest Online: http://www.heritagequestonline.com

Census Online: http://www.census-online.com/links/MN/

Genealogy Today: http://dir.genealogytoday.com/usa/mn/census.html

Access Genealogy: http://www.zccessgenealogy.com/census/minnesota.htm

National Archives: http://www.archives.gov/

Minnesota Historical Society:  http://www.mnhs.org/index.htm

Census Finder: http://www.censusfinder.com/minnesota.htm

Roots Web:  http://www.rootsweb.com/~census/states/minnesota/

Bibliographic Citations
Minnesota Research Outline. Salt Lake City, Utah: Intellectual Reserve, Inc., Family History Department, 1998, 2001.