Spanish Genealogical Word List
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See also:
- The BYU Script Spanish Documents Tutorial
- Spanish Letter Writing Guide
- Spanish Records Extraction Manual
- Spanish Handwriting Clarified
This list contains Spanish words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Spanish-English dictionary. (See the "Additional Resources" section below.)
Spanish is a Romance language derived from Latin. It is the national language of Spain as well as of most Latin American countries. Spanish is spoken in many parts of the United States, in regions which once were part of Mexico as well as areas where Hispanic immigrants have settled.
Language Characteristics[edit | edit source]
Spanish words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine or feminine. El (the masculine form of the) is used with masculine words. La (the feminine form of the) is used with feminine words. Masculine words generally end in o, r, l, and ma. Feminine words generally end in a, ión, tad, dad, tud, and umbre. Nouns which end in or are masculine; an a is added to indicate the feminine version.
Most adjectives used to describe nouns are masculine or feminine. Adjectives which end in o are masculine. Feminine adjectives end in a. For example, the married son would be translated as el hijo casado, while the married daughter would be translated as la hija casada.
Variant Forms of Words[edit | edit source]
In Spanish, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the standard form of each Spanish word. As you read Spanish records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.
Plural forms of Spanish words usually add s to the singular noun as well as to the article and adjective. Thus, el abuelo materno (the maternal grandparent) become los abuelos maternos (the maternal grandparents).
Abbreviations[edit | edit source]
The use of abbreviations is very common in Spanish handwriting. They can be used for words and names. To view some common abbreviations click on the following links:
Alphabetical Order[edit | edit source]
Written Spanish uses three letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet. These are ñ and the letter combinations ch and ll, which are considered single letters. The letter w, although not part of the Spanish alphabet, is included since it is found in a few names of foreign origin. The following list shows the letters in alphabetical order:
- a, b, c, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, ll, m, n, ñ, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z
This word list follows the standard English alphabetical order.
In Spanish indexes of surnames, it is important to note that prefixes (such as De la Torre) may be ignored in alphabetization. Be sure to search under both parts of a name, for example, De la Torre and Torre, de la.
Click on the words Spanish Alphabet Chart to download a chart showing the Spanish alphabet and illustrations showing how each letter might be written.
Accent Marks[edit | edit source]
Vowels in Spanish can carry an accent mark: á, é, í, ó, and ú. Accent marks do not affect alphabetical order.
Spelling[edit | edit source]
Although Spanish spelling was standardized in the mid-1700s, scribes usually spelled words the way they sounded. Generally, variations between old and modern spellings should not cause too much trouble for the researcher. In Spanish, the following variations are common:
- ch used for c
- e used for i
- j used for g
- j used for x
- j used for i
- y used for i
- the addition or removal of an h
- the doubling of letters
Examples:
| chrisma excrebir lejítimo Méjico domjngo yndio Henrique religiosso |
now written as now written as now written as now written as now written as now written as now written as now written as |
crisma escribir legítimo México domingo indio Enrique religioso |
Additional Resources[edit | edit source]
This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Spanish-English dictionary. Several Spanish-English dictionaries are available at the Family History Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 463.21.
The following dictionary may be helpful in your research:
- Cassell's Spanish-English, English-Spanish Dictionary. New York: Macmillan Publishers, 1978. (FHL book 463.21 C272c 1978.)
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under SPANISH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES. Most bookstores also carry inexpensive Spanish-English dictionaries.
Numbers[edit | edit source]
The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3, etc.) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) versions of each number. In actual usage, days of the month are almost never written in ordinal form. Ordinal numbers end in o or a depending on the gender of the thing described. Ordinal numbers above 31 are rarely seen in genealogical sources.
Note: Numbers such as 16, 22, and 31 are compound numbers joined by y (and). These numbers can also be written as a single word:
| 16: 22: 31: |
diez y seis veinte y dos treinta y uno |
or or or |
dieciseis veintidos treintiuno |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 101 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 |
Cardinal un, uno, una dos tres cuatro cinco seis siete ocho nueve diez once doce trece catorce quince diez y sies diez y siete diez y ocho diez y nueve veinte veinte y uno veinte y dos veinte y tres veinte y cuatro veinte y cinco veinte y seis veinte y siete veinte y ocho veinte y nueve treinta treinta y uno cuarenta cincuenta sesenta setenta ochenta noventa ciento ciento uno doscientos trescientos cuatrocientos quinientos seiscientos setecientos ochocientos novecientos mil |
Ordinal 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31st 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th 101th 200th 300th 400th 500th 600th 700th 800th 900th 1000th |
primero(a) segundo tercero cuarto quinto sexto séptimo octavo nono, noveno décimo undécimo duodécimo décimotercero décimocuarto décimoquinto décimosexto décimoséptimo décimooctavo décimonono vigésimo vigésimo primero vigésimo segundo vigésimo tercero vigésimo cuarto vigésimo quinto vigésimo sexto vigésimo séptimo vigésimo octavo vigésimo nono trigésimo trigésimo primero cuadragésimo quincuagésimo sexagésimo septuagésimo octogésimo nonagésimo centésimo centésimo primo ducentésimo tricentésimo cuadringéntesimo quingentésimo sexcentésimo septingentésimo octingentésimo noningentésimo milésimo |
Dates and Time[edit | edit source]
In Spanish records, dates are usually written out. Although English uses ordinal numbers, such as the tenth of July, or July 10th, in Spanish the cardinal numbers are almost always used for the days of the month: for example, el diez de Julio (the ten of July). The one exception is the first of the month, for which the ordinal number primero is almost always used instead of the cardinal number uno.
For example: A los veinte y tres dias de marzo del año de nuestro Señor de mil ochocientos y treinta y seis. (On the twenty-three day of the month of March in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred thirty six.) To understand Spanish dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding “Numbers” section.
Months
| English | Spanish | Abbreviation |
| January | enero | enro, eno |
| February | febrero | febo |
| March | marzo | mzo |
| April | abril | abl |
| May | mayo | |
| June | junio | |
| July | julio | |
| August | agosto | ago, agto |
| September | septiembre | septe, 7bre |
| October | octubre | ote, otue, octue, 8bre |
| November | noviembre | novbre, 9bre |
| December | diciembre | dice, 10bre |
Days of the Week
| English | Spanish |
| Sunday | domingo |
| Monday | lunes |
| Tuesday | martes |
| Wednesday | miércoles |
| Thursday | jueves |
| Friday | viernes |
| Saturday | sábado |
Numbers for Days
| Day | Day in Spanish |
| 1 | un, uno, una, primero (a) |
| 2 | dos, segundo |
| 3 | tres |
| 4 | cuatro |
| 5 | cinco |
| 6 | seis |
| 7 | siete |
| 8 | ocho |
| 9 | nueve |
| 10 | diez |
| 11 | once |
| 12 | doce |
| 13 | trece |
| 14 | catorce |
| 15 | quince |
| 16 | diez y seis, dieciseis |
| 17 | diez y siete, diecisiete |
| 18 | diez y ocho, dieciocho |
| 19 | diez y nueve, diecinueve |
| 20 | veinte |
| 21 | veinte y uno, veintiuno |
| 22 | veinte y dos, veintidos |
| 23 | veinte y tres, veintitres |
| 24 | veinte y cuatro, veinticuatro |
| 25 | veinte y cinco, veinticinco |
| 26 | veinte y seis, veintiseis |
| 27 | veinte y siete, veintisiete |
| 28 | veinte y ocho, veintiocho |
| 29 | veinte y nueve, veintinueve |
| 30 | treinta |
| 31 | treinta y uno |
Key Words[edit | edit source]
To find and use specific types of Spanish records, you will need to know some key words in Spanish. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Spanish words with the same or similar meanings.
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Spanish words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Spanish records to indicate marriage. Variant endings of Spanish words are given in parentheses.
| English | Spanish |
| archive | archivo |
| baptism | bautismo, bauticé, bautizado (a), bautismo, crisma |
| birth | nacimiento, nació, nacido (a) |
| burial | entierro, sepultura, entierrado (a), sepultado (a) |
| Catholic church | Iglesia Católica |
| census | censo, padrón |
| child | niño (a), hijo (a), párvulo (a), expósito |
| christening | See baptism |
| church records | registros parroquiales |
| civil registry | Registro Civil |
| confirmation | confirmación, crisma |
| day | día |
| death | muerte, defunción, fallecimiento, óbito, muerto(a), difunto(a), fallecido(a) |
| father | padre |
| husband | esposo, marido, cónyuge |
| index | índice |
| marriage | matrimonio, casamiento, casé, casado (a) |
| military | militar, ejército |
| month | mes |
| morning | mañana |
| mother | madre |
| name, given | nombre de pila, nombre de bautismo |
| name, surname | nombre, apellido |
| parents | padres |
| parish | parroquia |
| wife | esposa, marida, mujer, cónyuge |
| year | año |
Racial Terminology[edit | edit source]
In colonial Latin America, racial classification was often recorded in the Catholic parish registers and government documents, often with no degree of accuracy. The meaning of some of these terms may vary in some Spanish-speaking countries.
| Classification | Racial Composition |
| Albarazado | Cambujo and Mulato |
| Albino | Spanish and Morisco |
| Allí te estás | Chamizo and Mestizo |
| Barcino | Albarazado and Mulato |
| Barnocino | Albarazado and Mestizo |
| Calpamulato | Zambaigo and Lobo |
| Cambujo | Indian (¾) and Negro (¼) |
| Cambur | Negro (½), Spanish (¼), and Indian (¼) |
| Castizo | In Puerto Rico: Mestizo and Spanish. In Guatemala: Spanish and Indian (1/128) |
| Chamizo | Coyote and Indian |
| Chino | In Peru: Mulato and Indian |
| Cholo | In Peru: Mestizo and Indian |
| Cimarrón | In Mexico and Guatemala: Negro (½), Spanish (¼), and Indian (¼) |
| Coyote | Spanish (½), Indian (3/8), and Negro (1/8) |
| Cuarteado | Spanish (½), Indian (¼), and Negro (¼) |
| Cuarterón | Spanish (¾) and Negro (¼) |
| Cuarterón de Chino | In Peru: Spanish and Chino |
| Cuarterón de Mestize | In Peru: Spanish and Mestizo |
| Cuarterón de Mulato | In Peru: Spanish and Mulato |
| Cuatrero | Indian (¾) and Spanish (¼) |
| Español | Spanish |
| Español Criollo | Colonial-born Spaniard |
| Indio | Indian |
| Jíbaro | Lobo and Indian |
| Ladino | Spanish (¾) and Indian (¼) |
| Lobo | Indian (¾) and Negro (¼) |
| Mestizo | Spanish (½) and Indian (½) |
| Moreno | Spanish (½), Indian (¼), and Negro (¼) |
| Morisco | Spanish and Mulato. In Spain: a baptized Moor |
| Mulato | Spanish (½) and Negro (½). In Chile and Colombia: can be Indian and Negro |
| Negro | African Black |
| Negro fino | Negro (¾) and Spanish (¼) |
| No te entiende | Tente en el aire and Mulato |
| No me toques | Mixture of Spanish, Indian, and Negro |
| Ochavado | Spanish (7/8) and Negro (1/8) |
| Pardo | Indian (½), Spanish (¼), and Negro (¼) |
| Prieto | Negro (7/8) and Spanish (1/8) |
| Quartarón | See Cuarterón |
| Quinterón | In Peru: Spanish and Cuarterón |
| Requinterón | In Peru: Spanish and Quinterón |
| Salta atrás | Spanish and Albino |
| Tente en el aire | Calpamulato and Cambujo |
| Torna atrás | No te entiende and Indian |
| Tresalvo | Spanish (¾) and Negro (¼) |
| Zambaigo | Spanish and Chino |
| Zambo | In Peru: Negro and Mulato. In Venezuela: Indian (½) and Negro (½) |
| Zambo de Indio | In Peru: Negro (½) and Indian (½) |
General Word List[edit | edit source]
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections prior to this list. Racial terminology is listed separately.
In this list, optional versions of Spanish words or variable endings (such as adjectives and some plural or feminine endings) are given in parentheses. Parentheses in the English column clarify the definition.
|
A[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| a | to, in, into, on |
| Aa.M. = abuela materna | maternal grandmother |
| Aa.P. = abuela paterna | paternal grandmother |
| abogado | lawyer |
| abril | April |
| absceso | abscess |
| abuela | grandmother |
| abuelo | grandfather |
| abuelos | grandparents |
| acre | acre |
| acta | document, record |
| acuerdo | agreement |
| administración | administration |
| adoptado (a) | adopted |
| adulterio | adultery |
| adúltero (a) | adulterer |
| agosto | August |
| agricultor | farmer |
| ahí | there |
| ahogamiento | drowning |
| albacea | executor of estate |
| albañil | stonemason |
| alcalde | mayor |
| aldea | village |
| alemán (a) | German |
| alfarero | potter |
| algodón | cotton |
| algún (o, a) | some, someone |
| alma | soul, inhabitant |
| alquiler, renta | rent |
| alto (a) | high, tall |
| altura | height |
| allá | there |
| allí | there |
| amanuense | scribe, clerk |
| amarillo (a) | yellow |
| ambos (as) | both |
| amigo (a) | friend |
| amo | master, owner |
| amonestaciones | marriage banns |
| anciano (a) | elderly |
| aniversario | anniversary |
| antepasado (a) | ancestor |
| anterior | former, previous |
| antes | before |
| antiguo (a) | old, ancient |
| anual | annual |
| anuario | yearbook |
| año | year |
| aparecer | to appear |
| apellido | surname |
| apéndice | appendix |
| apodo | nickname |
| apostólico (a) | apostolic |
| aprendiz | apprentice |
| aproximado (a) | approximate |
| aquel (la) | that |
| aquí | here |
| árbol | tree |
| árbol genealógico | genealogical tree |
| archivo | archive |
| arrendamiento | rent |
| arzobispo | archbishop |
| ascendiente | ancestor |
| asilo | asylum, shelter |
| asma | asthma |
| aún | still |
| auto de fé | sentence given by the Inquisition |
| ayer | yesterday |
| ayuntamiento | city hall, town government |
| azúcar | sugar |
| azul | blue |
B[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| bajo (a) | low |
| barco | ship |
| barrio | city ward |
| bautismo | baptism |
| bautizar | to baptize |
| bebé | baby |
| bendición | blessing |
| biblioteca | library |
| bien | good, well |
| bienes | property, goods, fee |
| bisabuela | great-grandmother |
| bisabuelo | great-grandfather |
| bisabuelos | great-grandparents |
| bisnieta | great-granddaughter |
| bisnieto | great-grandson |
| bisnietos | great-grandchildren |
| blanco (a) | white |
| boca | mouth |
| boda | marriage, wedding |
| brazo | arm |
| bueno (a) | good |
| búsqueda | research |
C[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| caballero | nobleman, gentleman |
| cabeza | head |
| cabildo | town council |
| calle | street |
| camino | road |
| campesino (a) | peasant |
| campo | field |
| cáncer | cancer |
| caña de azúcar | sugarcane |
| capilla | chapel |
| cara | face |
| cárcel | jail |
| carnicero | butcher |
| carpintero | carpenter |
| carretera | road |
| casa | house |
| casado (a) | married |
| casamiento | marriage |
| casar, casarse | to marry |
| casta | caste, racial lineage |
| castillo | castle |
| catastro | land census |
| catedral | cathedral |
| católico (a) | Catholic |
| catorce | fourteen |
| cazador | hunter |
| c.c. = casado con | married to |
| cédula | royal decree |
| cementerio | cemetery |
| censo | census |
| centenario | centennial |
| cerca | near, approximate |
| cerrajero | locksmith |
| certificado | certificate |
| cervecero | brewer |
| ciego (a) | blind |
| ciento | one hundred |
| cinco | five |
| cincuenta | fifty |
| ciudad | city |
| ciudadano (a) | citizen |
| clérigo | clergyman |
| c.m.c.=contrajó matrimonio con | contracted marriage with |
| cofradía | religious brotherhood, guild |
| cojo (a) | lame |
| colina | hill |
| colonia | colony or neighborhood or suburb |
| colorado (a) | red |
| comerciante | merchant |
| comercio | business, commerce |
| como | as, how |
| comunión | communion |
| con | with |
| concejal | councilman |
| concerniente | concerning |
| concilio | council |
| concilio tridentino | Council of Trent |
| condado | county |
| conocido (a) | known, acquaintance |
| conocido (a) como | known as |
| consanguinidad | blood relationship, kinship |
| consejo | council |
| consorte | spouse, partner |
| constipación | constipation |
| consumimiento | consumption |
| contenido | contents |
| contra | against |
| contrayente | contracting party in a marriage |
| conversión | conversion |
| convulsión | convulsion |
| cónyuge | spouse |
| cordelero | rope maker |
| corriente | current |
| cosecha | harvest |
| criada | maid |
| criatura | infant, child |
| cristiano (a) | Christian |
| cuál | which |
| cuándo | when |
| cuarenta | forty |
| cuarto | room |
| cuarto (a) | fourth |
| cuate | twin |
| cuatro | four |
| cuatrocientos | four hundred |
| cuenta | account |
| cumpleaños | birthday |
| cuñada | sister-in-law |
| cuñado | brother-in-law |
| cura | clergyman |
| curato | parish |
| curia | ecclesiastical tribunal |
| curtidor | tanner |
| cuyo (a) | whose |
D[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| data | data (sometimes may be date - see fecha) |
| de | of, from, belonging to |
| debilidad | weakness, disability |
| década | decade |
| décimo (a) | tenth |
| décimoctavo (a) | eighteenth |
| décimocuarto (a) | fourteenth |
| décimonono (a) | nineteenth |
| décimoquinto (a) | fifteenth |
| décimo séptimo (a) | seventeenth |
| décimosexto (a) | sixteenth |
| décimotercero (a) | thirteenth |
| declaración | declaration |
| declarado (a) | declared, stated |
| dedo | finger |
| defunción | death |
| dentición | teething |
| dentro | within |
| denuncia | accusation, denunciation |
| departamento | district, department |
| derecho | law |
| derrame | stroke |
| desacuerdo | disagreement |
| desavenencia | rift |
| descendiente | descendant |
| desconocido (a) | unknown |
| descripción | description |
| desde | since |
| después | after |
| detrás | after, behind |
| diario | daily |
| diarrea | diarrhea |
| diccionario | dictionary |
| diciembre | December |
| dicho (a) | stated, said, mentioned |
| diecinueve | nineteen |
| dieciocho | eighteen |
| dieciseis | sixteen |
| diecisiete | seventeen |
| diente | tooth |
| diez | ten |
| diezmo | tithing |
| difo. = difunto | deceased |
| difunto (a) | deceased |
| digno (a) | worthy |
| diócesis | Diocese |
| disenteria | dysentery |
| dispensa | exemption, permission |
| divorciado (a) | divorced |
| doce | twelve |
| documento | document |
| domicilio | dwelling |
| domingo | Sunday |
| don | Mr. |
| donación | donation |
| donde | where |
| doña | Mrs. |
| dos | two |
| doscientos | two hundred |
| d.s.p. = defunctus sine prole | died without issue |
| dueño (a) | owner |
| duodécimo | twelfth |
E[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| eclesiástico (a) | ecclesiastical |
| edad | age |
| ejército | army, military |
| él | he |
| el | the (masculine) |
| ella | she |
| ellos | they |
| embarazada | pregnant |
| emigración | emigration |
| emigrante | emigrant |
| empleado (a) | employee |
| encomienda | patronage, land grant |
| enero | January |
| enfermedad | disease |
| entierrado (a) | buried |
| entierro | burial |
| entre | between, among |
| envejecido (a) | elderly |
| epidemia | epidemic |
| epilepsia | epilepsy |
| era | (I, you, he, she, it) was/were |
| éramos | (we) were |
| eran | (you, they) were |
| eras | (you) were |
| eres | (you) are |
| es | (you, he, she, it) are/is |
| escarlata | scarlet fever |
| esclavitud | slavery |
| esclavo | slave |
| escribiente | scribe |
| escuela | school |
| ese (esa) | that |
| esposo (a) | husband, spouse (spouse) |
| espurio (a) | illegitimate |
| está | (you, he, she, it) are/is |
| estación | season |
| estado | state, status |
| estamos | (we) are |
| están | (they, you) are |
| estar | to be |
| este | east |
| este (a, o) | this |
| estómago | stomach |
| estoy | (I) am |
| evangélico (a) | evangelical |
| expósito (a) | foundling |
| extracto | extract |
| extranjero (a) | foreigner |
| extraño (a) | stranger |
F[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| fábrica | factory |
| fallecer | to die |
| fallecido (a) | deceased |
| familia | family |
| fé | certificate, faith |
| febrero | February |
| fecha | date |
| feligrés (a) | parishioner, resident |
| feligresía | parish |
| femenino (a) | feminine |
| ferrocarril | railroad |
| feudo | fee |
| fichero | card file |
| fiebre tifoidea | typhoid fever |
| filiación | relationship, military register |
| finado (a) | deceased |
| firma | signature |
| flaqueza | weakness |
| floresta | forest, grove |
| fondos | funds |
| fortaleza | fortress, strength |
| francés (a) | French |
| frente | front, in front of |
| frontera | border |
| fue | (you, he, she, it) were/was |
| fuego | fire, hearth |
| fuente | fountain, source |
| fueron | (you, they) were |
| fui | (I) was |
| fuimos | (we) were |
| futuro | future |
G[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| gacetero | gazetteer |
| ganado | cattle |
| gemelo (a) | twin |
| gemelos (as) | twins |
| genealogía | genealogy |
| gente | people |
| gota | gout |
| grande | great, large |
| gremio | brotherhood, guild |
| gripe | influenza |
| guarda | guard, warden |
| guía | directory, guidebook |
H[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| h. = hijo | son |
| hacienda | estate, farm |
| hecho (a) | completed, done |
| hembra | female |
| hemorragia | bleeding |
| heráldica | heraldry |
| heredero (a) | heir |
| herencia | inheritance |
| hermana | sister |
| hermandad | fraternity |
| hermano | brother |
| hermanos | brothers, siblings |
| herrero | blacksmith |
| hidalgo | nobleman |
| hidropesía | dropsy |
| hija | daughter |
| hijastra | stepdaughter |
| hijastro | stepson, stepchild |
| hijo | on, child |
| hijodalgo | nobleman |
| hijos | sons, children |
| hinchazón | swelling |
| historia | history |
| h.l. = hijo legítimo | legitimate child |
| h.n. = hijo natural | illegitimate child |
| hogar | home |
| hoja | page |
| hoja de lámina | plate (book) |
| holandés (a) | Dutch |
| hombre | man, husband |
| honesto (a) | honest |
| hora | hour |
| hospedero | innkeeper |
| huérfano (a) | orphan |
I[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| I | and |
| i. = ilegítimo | illegitimate |
| ictericia | jaundice |
| idioma | language |
| iglesia | church |
| Iglesia Católica | Catholic Church |
| ilegítimo (a) | illegitimate |
| ill. = ilegítimo | illegitimate |
| impedimento | impediment |
| imperio | empire |
| impuesto | tax |
| incógnito (a) | unknown |
| índice | index |
| indígena | indigenous, native, Indian |
| indigente | indigent |
| información matrimonial | papers relating to a marriage, including banns, declarations, baptismal records, consents, etc. |
| infrascrito (a) | undersigned |
| inglés (a) | English |
| inmigración | immigration |
| inmigrante | immigrant |
| inmoble | real estate |
| inmueble | real estate |
| ino. = indio | Indian |
| intendente | mayor |
| intestado (a) | intestate |
| intestinos | intestines |
| invierno | winter |
| italiano (a) | Italian |
J[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| jardinero | gardener |
| jesuita | Jesuit |
| jornalero | journeyman |
| jubilado | retired |
| judío (a) | Jewish |
| jueves | Thursday |
| julio | July |
| junio | June |
| junto | together |
| jurado | juryman |
| juros | annuities, pensions |
L[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| l., leg. = legítimo | legitimate |
| la | the (feminine) |
| labrador | farmer, peasant |
| ladrillero | brick mason, bricklayer |
| lago | lake |
| lechero | dairyman |
| legajo | bundle of related documents |
| legal | legal |
| legítimo (a) | legitimate |
| lengua | language, tongue |
| levante | east |
| ley | law |
| liberto (a) | freed slave |
| libro | book |
| licencia | permission |
| lícito (a) | legal |
| limosna | alms |
| limpieza de sangre | purity of blood, indicating pure Catholic ancestry |
| lugar | place |
| lunes | Monday |
M[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| macho | male |
| madrasta | stepmother |
| madre | mother |
| madrina | godmother |
| maestro | master, teacher |
| maíz | corn |
| mano | hand |
| mañana | morning |
| mapa | map |
| marido (a) | husband (wife) |
| marina | navy |
| marinero | sailor |
| martes | Tuesday |
| marzo | March |
| más | more |
| masculino (a) | masculine |
| más joven | youngest |
| más viejo (a) | eldest |
| materno (a) | maternal |
| matrimonio | marriage |
| mayo | May |
| mayor | larger, elder |
| media noche | midnight |
| médico | doctor |
| mendigo (a) | beggar |
| menonita | Mennonite |
| menor | smaller, younger |
| menos | less |
| mercadería | wares, goods |
| mercado | market |
| mercante | merchant |
| mes | month |
| mestizo | mixture of Spanish and Indian |
| mi | my |
| miembro | member |
| miércoles | Wednesday |
| mil | one thousand |
| milla | mile |
| mina | mine |
| minero | miner |
| ministro | minister |
| mío (a) | my |
| mismo (a) | same |
| mitad | half |
| m.n. = more novo | according to the new manner of dating (the Gregorian calendar) |
| molino | mill |
| montaña | mountain |
| monte | hill |
| montero | hunter |
| morada | dwelling |
| morador (a) | resident |
| morar | to live (location) |
| morir | to die |
| mozo (a) | youth, young |
| muchacho (a) | boy, (girl) |
| muchas veces | often |
| mucho (a) | many, very |
| mudo (a) | dumb |
| muebles | furniture, household |
| muerte | death |
| muerto (a) | deceased |
| mujer | woman, wife |
| mulato (a) | mulatto |
| municipio | municipality |
N[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| n. = nació, nacido | born |
| n. = nombre | name |
| nac. = nacido | born |
| nacer | to be born |
| nacido (a) | born |
| nacido (a) muerto (a) | stillborn |
| nacimiento | birth |
| nariz | nose |
| natural | natural, illegitimate |
| natural de | native of |
| nave | ship |
| navio | ship |
| negocio | business |
| negro (a) | black |
| nene | baby |
| nieta | granddaughter |
| nieto | grandson |
| nietos | grandchildren |
| ningún (o, a) | none, not one |
| niño (a) | child |
| no | no |
| no. = número | number |
| noble | noble |
| nobleza | nobility |
| noche | night |
| nombre | name |
| nombre de pila | given or Christian name |
| nono (a) | ninth |
| norte | north |
| nosotros | we |
| notario | notary |
| novecientos | nine hundred |
| noveno (a) | ninth |
| noventa | ninety |
| novia | bride, fiancée |
| noviembre | November |
| novio | groom, fiancé |
| novios | betrothed |
| nuera | daughter-in-law |
| nuestro (a) | our |
| nueve | nine |
| nuevo (a) | new |
| num. = número | number |
| número | number |
| nunca | never |
| nupcias | marriage, wedding |
O[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| o | or |
| obispado | bishopric |
| obispo | bishop |
| óbito | death |
| obligación | obligation |
| obrero | worker, laborer |
| observaciones | comments, marginal notes |
| occidente | west |
| octavo (a) | eighth |
| octubre | October |
| ochenta | eighty |
| ocho | eight |
| ochocientos | eight hundred |
| oeste | west |
| oferta | offering |
| oficio | office |
| ojo | eye |
| óleo | oil |
| once | eleven |
| onomástico (a) | onomastic (referring to names) |
| operario | worker, laborer |
| oración | prayer |
| oreja | ear |
| orfanato | orphanage |
| oriente | east |
| original de | native of |
| oro | gold |
| o.s.p. = obiit sine prole | died without issue |
| otoño | autumn |
| otro (a) | other, another |
P[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| padrasto | stepfather |
| padre | father, priest |
| padres | parents |
| padrino | godfather |
| padrinos | godparents |
| padrón | census, list of persons |
| pag. = página | page |
| país | country |
| palacio | palace |
| panadero | baker |
| para | for, to |
| pardo (a) | dark, mulatto |
| parentesco | kinship |
| pariente | relative |
| párroco | priest |
| parroquia | parish |
| parroquiano (a) | parishioner |
| partera | midwife |
| partida | act, certificate |
| parto | birth |
| párvulo (a) | small child |
| pasado | past |
| pastor | pastor, minister, shepherd |
| paterno (a) | paternal |
| patrimonio | inheritance |
| patrón | master, employer |
| pd. = padre | father |
| penitenciaria | penitentiary |
| periódico | periodical, newspaper |
| permiso | permission |
| pero | but |
| pescador | fisherman |
| peso | weight |
| peste | plague |
| pie | foot |
| pierna | leg |
| plaga | plague |
| plata | silver |
| plaza | public square |
| plazo | term |
| pleitos | lawsuit, court action |
| población | population, town, village |
| poblado | town, village |
| polaco (a) | Polish |
| por | by, for |
| por qué | why |
| porque | because |
| portugués | Portuguese |
| posada | hostel, shelter |
| posadero | innkeeper |
| preñada | pregnant |
| presente | present |
| primavera | spring |
| primero (a) | first |
| primo (a) | cousin |
| prisión | prison |
| proceso | trial, lawsuit |
| profesión | profession |
| profesor (a) | teacher |
| progenitor | progenitor |
| prole | progeny |
| propiedad | property, land |
| propietario | proprietor, owner |
| protestante | Protestant |
| protocolos | notarial books |
| provincia | province |
| próximo (a) | next |
| pueblo | town, village, people |
| puente | bridge |
| puerto | port |
| pulmón | lung |
| pulmonia | pneumonia |
Q[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| que | that, what |
| quien | who, whom |
| quince | fifteen |
| quinientos | five hundred |
| quinto (a) | fifth |
| quizás | maybe |
R[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| rancho | ranch |
| real | royal |
| rebusca | research |
| reconocimiento | recognition, acknowledgment |
| regidor | alderman, prefect |
| registro civil | civil registry |
| registros | records, registers |
| registros civiles | civil records, vital records |
| reina | queen |
| reino | kingdom |
| religión | religion |
| renta | rent |
| residencia | residence |
| residente | resident |
| retirado (a) | retired |
| retiramiento | retirement |
| retrato | portrait |
| rey | king |
| rezo | recited prayer |
| río | river |
| rito | rite |
| rojo (a) | red |
| rostro | face |
| ruso (a) | Russian |
S[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| s. = señor | sir, mister |
| sábado | Saturday |
| sacerdote | priest |
| sacristán | sexton |
| sagrado (a) | sacred, holy |
| sala | room |
| san | saint |
| sangradura | bleeding |
| santo (a) | holy, sacred, saint |
| santos óleos | holy oil |
| sarampión | measles |
| sastre | tailor |
| segundo (a) | second |
| seis | six |
| seiscientos | six hundred |
| semana | week |
| separado (a) | separate |
| septiembre | September |
| séptimo (a) | seventh |
| sepulcro | grave, sepulcher |
| sepultado (a) | buried |
| sepultura | grave, sepulcher |
| ser | to be |
| servicio | service, donations |
| sesenta | sixty |
| setecientos | seven hundred |
| setenta | seventy |
| sexo | sex, gender |
| sexto (a) | sixth |
| sí | yes |
| si | if, whether |
| siempre | always |
| sierra | mountain range |
| siete | seven |
| siglo | century |
| sirviente | servant |
| sitio | place, site |
| sn. = san | saint |
| sobre | about, above, concerning |
| sobrenombre | surname, nickname |
| sobreviviente | surviving |
| sobrina | niece |
| sobrino | nephew |
| sociedad | society |
| solar | manor house |
| soldado | soldier |
| solemnemente | solemnly |
| solo | only |
| soltero (a) | single |
| somos | (we) are |
| son | (they, you) are |
| sordo (a) | deaf |
| soy | (I) am |
| su (suyo, suya) | your, his, her, their |
| sud | south |
| sueco (a) | Swedish |
| suegra | mother-in-law |
| suegro | father-in-law |
| suizo (a) | Swiss |
| sur | south |
T[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| talabartero | leather worker |
| tal vez | maybe |
| también | also |
| tarde | afternoon, late |
| tejedor | weaver |
| temprano | early |
| tenemos | (we) have |
| tener | to have |
| tengo | (I) have |
| tercero (a) | third |
| terreno | tract of land, field |
| testamento | will |
| testigo | witness |
| testimonio | testimony |
| tía | aunt |
| tiempo | time |
| tiene | (you, he, she, it) has |
| tienen | (you, they) have |
| tintorero | dyer |
| tío | uncle |
| título | title |
| todavía | still |
| todos (as) | all, everyone |
| tomo | volume |
| tonelero | cooper |
| tos | cough |
| tos ferina | whooping cough |
| trabajador | worker, laborer |
| trece | thirteen |
| treinta | thirty |
| treinta y uno | thirty-one |
| tres | three |
| trescientos | three hundred |
| tribunal | court |
| trigésimo (a) | thirtieth |
| trigésimo primero (a) | thirty-first |
| trigo | wheat |
| tuberculosis | tuberculosis |
| tumba | tomb, grave |
| tumor | tumor |
| tutela | guardianship |
| tutelas | records of orphans |
U[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| último (a) | last |
| un (uno, una) | one |
| undécimo (a) | eleventh |
V[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| valle | valley |
| varón | male |
| vecindad | neighborhood |
| vecino (a) | neighbor, citizen |
| veinte | twenty |
| veinte y cinco | twenty-five |
| veinte y cuatro | twenty-four |
| veinte y dos | twenty-two |
| veinte y nueve | twenty-nine |
| veinte y ocho | twenty-eight |
| veinte y seis | twenty-six |
| veinte y siete | twenty-seven |
| veinte y tres | twenty-three |
| veinte y uno | twenty-one |
| veinticinco | twenty-five |
| veinticuatro | twenty-four |
| veintidos | twenty-two |
| veintinueve | twenty-nine |
| veintiocho | twenty-eight |
| veintiseis | twenty-six |
| veintisiete | twenty-seven |
| veintitres | twenty-three |
| veintiuno | twenty-one |
| velación | veiling ceremony of bride and groom |
| vender | to sell |
| verano | summer |
| verde | green |
| vez | time, turn, occasion |
| viejo (a) | elderly |
| viernes | Friday |
| vigésimo | twentieth |
| vigésimo cuarto (a) | twenty-fourth |
| vigésimo nono (a) | twenty-ninth |
| vigésimo octavo (a) | twenty-eighth |
| vigésimo primero (a) | twenty-first |
| vigésimo quinto (a) | twenty-fifth |
| vigésimo segundo (a) | twenty-second |
| vigésimo séptimo (a) | twenty-seventh |
| vigésimo sexto (a) | twenty-sixth |
| vigésimo tercero (a) | twenty-third |
| villa | village, town |
| viña | vineyard |
| viñedo | vineyard |
| viruelas | smallpox |
| viudo (a) | widower, widow |
| vivir | to live |
| vivo (a) | alive |
| volumen | volume |
Y[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| y | and |
| yerno | son-in-law |
| yo | I |
Z[edit | edit source]
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| zapatero | shoemaker |
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