Slovak Genealogical Word List
| Slovak Genealogical Word List | |
 | |
| Downloadable Word List | |
| Handwriting Help | |
| Associated Countries | |
| |
Language Characteristics[edit | edit source]
Variant Forms of Words[edit | edit source]
In Slovak, the forms of most words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who--whose--whom, or marry--marries--married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In Slovak any word may change, depending on usage. This word list gives the standard form of each Slovak word. As you read Slovak records, you will need to be aware that most words vary with usage. The endings of Slovak words in a document will often differ from what you find in this list.
The plural form may change the basic word, for example:
| dieťa brat |
child brother |
"deti" bratia |
children brothers |
Female surnames are feminized with the basic endings: -ová or -á. For example:
| Novák Pleva Novotný |
Nováková Plevová Novotná |
Gender[edit | edit source]
Slovak words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. Adjectives used to describe the singular and plural forms of Slovak words must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example:
| starý muž stará žena staré mesto |
old man old woman old city |
"starí muži" staré Ženy staré mestá |
old men old women old cities |
This word list gives only the singular masculine form of adjectives. Thus, starý, stará, staré, starí (old) is listed as starý.
The endings of past tense verbs also change depending on the gender of the person or thing being described or performing the action and number of its subjects. For example:
| narodil sa narodila sa narodilo sa narodili sa |
he was born she was born it (the child) was born they were born |
This word list gives only the narodil sa (he was born) form of the past tense verb. You can conclude that narodila sa means she was born, etc.
Plurals[edit | edit source]
Plural forms of Slovak words usually change the singular word as follows: Words ending in -a change to -y
| žena |
wife |
ženy |
wives |
Words ending in -o change to -á
| mesto |
city |
mestá |
cities |
Words ending in a consonant add -y, a few words add -i, -e to form the plural
| list muž zámok |
page husband palace |
listy muži zámky |
pages husbands palaces |
Grammatical Use[edit | edit source]
The endings of Slovak words can also vary depending on the grammatical use of the words. Slovak grammar requires a specific type of ending for a word used as the subject of the sentence, used in the possessive, used as the object of a verb, or used with a preposition. Slovak words fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings. Certain possessive endings give the meaning (of) to a word.
Nouns change the endings to show possession as follows[edit | edit source]
Nouns ending with consonant add -a, -e
| brat muž |
brother husband |
brata muža |
of brother of husband |
Nouns ending with -a add -y
| sestra |
sister |
sestry |
of sister |
Nouns ending with -o add -a
| mesto |
city |
mesta |
of city |
Plural (masculine nouns) change to -ov
| muži |
husband |
mužov |
of husbands |
Plural (feminine/neuter nouns) change -e to -ie
| ženy |
wife |
žien |
of wives |
Adjectives change the endings to show possession as follows:[edit | edit source]
adjectives ending in -ý change to -ého
| narodený |
born |
narodeného |
of the born |
adjectives ending in -á change to -ej
| krstená |
baptized |
krstenej |
of the baptized |
adjectives ending in -e change to -eho
| neznáme |
unknown |
neznámeho |
of the unknown |
plural adjectives ending in -ý, -é add -ch
| zosnulý erbové |
deceased heraldic |
zosnulých erbových |
of the deceased of the heraldic |
These examples show some endings in contex:
Syn zosnulého Josefa Nováka a Anny Plevovej means a son of the deceased Josef Novák and of Anna Plevová (Pleva).
Manželstvo medzi Karlom Václavom Havlom a Barborou Máriou Kozárovou means a marriage between Karol Václav Havel and Barbora Mária Kozárová (Kozár).
Alphabetical Order[edit | edit source]
Written Slovak uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet. These are á, ä, č, é, í, Í, ľ, ň, ó, ô, ŕ, š, ť, ú, ý, ž. The letter combinations dz, dž, and ch are also considered as single letters, dz and dž is alphabetized after d and ch is alphabetized after h. Letters q, w, x are used only in words of foreign origin. Slovak dictionaries and indexes use the following alphabetical order:
a,á,ä b č d,ď dz,dž e,é f g h ch i,í j k l,Í,,ľ m n,ň o,ó,ô p (q) r,ŕ s š t,ť u,ú v (w) ( x) y,ý z ž
This word list follows the standard English alphabetical order. However, when working with alphabetized Slovak records, use the Slovak alphabetical order.
Spelling[edit | edit source]
Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. In Slovak, the following spelling variations are common:
i, y and j used interchangeably
s and z used interchangeably
w used for v
rz used for r
sz used for š
cz used for č
Slovak is a phonetic language, which means words are pronounced as they are written.
Additional Resources[edit | edit source]
This word list includes the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Slovak-English dictionary. Several Slovak-English dictionaries are available at the Family History Library in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 491.87321.
Key Words[edit | edit source]
In order to find and use specific types of Slovak records, you will need to know some key words in Slovak. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Slovak words with the same or similar meanings.
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Slovak words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Slovak records to indicate marriage.
| English | Slovak |
|---|---|
| baptism, baptisms | krst, krsty, krstný, krstíť, krstil, pokrstil |
| birth, births | narodenie, narodený, rodné, narodil sa |
| burial, burials | pohreb, pohreby |
| Catholic | rímsko-katolícky |
| census | sčítanie ľudu |
| child | dieťa, dieťatko |
| christenings | (see baptism) |
| civil registry | štátna matrika |
| death, deaths | úmrtie, smrť, úmrtný, umrel, zomrieť, zomrel, zosnul, skonal |
| father | otec, otcovia, otca, tatko, tatinko |
| husband | manžel, muž |
| index | zoznam, register, index |
| Jewish | židovský |
| marriage, marriages | sobáš, sobáše sobášiť manželstvo, svadba, brat’si oženil sa (man), vydala sa (woman) |
| military | vojsko, vojenský |
| month | mesiac |
| mother | matka, matky, mama, mamka, maminka |
| name, given | (krstné) meno |
| name, surname | priezvisko, pôrodné meno, vlastné meno |
| parent, parents | rodič, rodičia |
| parish | farnosť, fara |
| Protestant | protestant |
| wife | manželka, žena |
| year | rok |
Numbers[edit | edit source]
In some genealogical records, numbers are written out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. In actual usage, days of the month are written in ordinal form with a possessive grammatical ending. In the following list, the ordinal number in its standard form is given first, followed by the possessive form (in some cases only the possessive ending is listed), for example:
| a | and |
| piaty | the fifth |
| na piaty | on the fifth (of the month) |
| 1 | jeden, jedna, jedno | 1st | prvý |
| 2 | dva, dve | 2nd | druhý |
| 3 | tri | 3rd | tretí |
| 4 | štyri | 4th | štvrtý |
| 5 | pät | 5th | piaty |
| 6 | šesť | 6th | šiesty |
| 7 | sedem | 7th | siedmy |
| 8 | osem | 8th | ôsmy |
| 9 | devät | 9th | deviaty |
| 10 | desať | 10th | desiaty |
| 11 | jedenásť | 11th | jedenásty |
| 12 | dvanásť | 12th | dvanásty |
| 13 | trinásť | 13th | trinásty |
| 14 | štrnásť | 14th | štrnásty |
| 15 | pätnásť | 15th | pätnásty |
| 16 | šestnásť | 16th | šestnásty |
| 17 | sedemnásť | 17th | sedemnásty |
| 18 | osemnásť | 18th | osemnásty |
| 19 | devätenásť | 19th | devätnásty |
| 20 | dvadsať | 20th | dvadsiaty |
| 21 | dvadsať jeden, | 21st | dvadsiaty prvý |
| 22 | dvadsať dva | 22nd | dvadsiaty druhý |
| 23 | dvadsať tri | 23rd | dvadsiaty tretí |
| 24 | dvadsať štyri | 24th | dvadsiaty štvrtý |
| 25 | dvadsať pät | 25th | dvadsiaty piaty |
| 26 | dvadsať šesť | 26th | dvadsiaty šiesty |
| 27 | dvadsať sedem | 27th | dvadsiaty siedmy |
| 28 | dvadsať osem | 28th | dvadsiaty ôsmy |
| 29 | dvadsať deväť | 29th | dvadsiaty deviaty |
| 30 | tridsať | 30th | tridsiaty |
| 40 | štyridsať | 40th | štyridsiaty |
| 50 | päťdesiat | 50th | päťdesiaty |
| 60 | šesťdesiat | 60th | šesťdesiaty |
| 70 | sedemdesiat | 70th | sedemdesiaty |
| 80 | osemdesiat | 80th | osemdesiaty |
| 90 | deväťdesiat | 90th | deväťdesiaty |
| 100 | jednosto, sto | 100th | stý |
| 200 | dvesto | 200th | dvestý |
| 300 | tristo | 300th | tristý |
| 400 | štyristo | 400th | štyristý |
| 500 | päťsto | 500th | päťstý |
| 600 | šesťsto | 600th | šesťstý |
| 700 | sedemsto | 700th | sedemstý |
| 800 | osemsto | 800th | osemstý |
| 900 | devät’sto | 900th | devätstý |
| 1000 | jeden tisíc, tisíc | 1000th | tisíci |
Dates and Time[edit | edit source]
In Slovak records, dates are occasionally written out. Dates are usually given with possessive grammatical endings. For example:
dvadsiateho ôsmého augusta jeden tisíc osemsto päťdesiat dva - [on the twenty-eighth of August one thousand eight hundred fifty and two, 28 August 1852]
To understand Slovak dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding "Numbers" section.
Months[edit | edit source]
Slovak dates are always given in day-month-year order. Also months are often abbreviated using a Roman numeral. For example, 25 February 1848 could be written as:
25. február 1848 25. 2. 1848
25. II. 1848
The months listed below are shown in their standard form and in the possessive form used in writing dates.
| Roman Numeral | English | Slovak |
|---|---|---|
| I | January | január |
| II | February | február |
| III | March | marec |
| IV | April | april |
| V | May | máj |
| VI | June | jún |
| VII | July | júl |
| VIII | August | august |
| IX | September | september |
| X | October | október |
| XI | November | november |
| XII | December | december |
Times of Days[edit | edit source]
Slovak records may indicate the exact time when the birth, marriage or death occurred. This is usually written out.
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| o desiatej | at 10 o’clock |
| ráno | in the morning |
| dopoludnie | forenoon |
| poludnie / na poludnie | noon |
| popoludnie | afternoon |
| večer | in the evening |
| v noci | at night |
| polnoc / o polnoci | midnight |
Days of the Week[edit | edit source]
| English | Slovak |
|---|---|
| Sunday | nedel’a |
| Monday | pondelok |
| Tuesday | utorok |
| Wednesday | streda |
| Thursday | štvrtok |
| Friday | piatok |
| Saturday | sobota |
General Word List[edit | edit source]
|
A[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| a | and |
| adoptovaný | adopted |
| adresár | directory |
| ako | how, as |
| ako, podobne | as, like |
| aký | what kind of |
| ale | but |
| alebo | or |
| apríl | April |
| archív | archive |
| asi | perhaps, about, maybe, circa |
| atď. | and so forth |
| august | August |
B[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| babička, babka | grandmother |
| bádateľ | researcher |
| bakalár | student |
| baník | coalminer |
| bieloruský | Belorussian |
| bez | without |
| bezdetný | childless |
| birmovanie | confirmations |
| biskup | bishop |
| blízky | near |
| Boh | the Lord |
| bol, bola, bolo | was |
| boli | were |
| bolesť | pain |
| Boží, Božia, Božie | the Lord=s |
| brat, bratia | brother, brothers |
| brat(r)anec | cousin (male) |
| bude | he/she/it will |
| budú | they will |
| bydlisko | residence |
| byť | to be |
| bývajúci | residing |
| bývalý | former, the late (deceased) |
C[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| č. (číslo) | number |
| čas | time |
| časť | part, portion |
| cech | guild |
| čeľadník | farm worker |
| celý | entire |
| census, sčítanie ľudu | census |
| český | Czech, Bohemian |
| cesta | road |
| cestovný pas | passport |
| chalupár | cottager, poor peasant |
| chalupník, domkár | cottager |
| chce | he wants |
| chlap, sedliak, roľník | peasant, country fellow chlapec |
| chlapec | boy |
| choroba, nemoc | disease |
| cigáň | gypsy |
| cintorín | cemetery |
| cirkev | church |
| cisársky | imperial |
| cisárstvo | empire |
| čižmár | shoemaker |
| člen | member |
| čo | what |
| cudzí | foreign, strange |
| cukrovka | diabetes |
D[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| ďalší | next |
| dane | taxation |
| dar | donation |
| dátum | date |
| dcéra, dcéry | daughter, daughters |
| december | December |
| dieťa | child |
| starý otec, dedko, | grandfather, old man dedo, starec |
| dedo, starec | Grandpa, man |
| dedič | heir |
| dedičstvo, pozostalosť | heritage, inheritance dedina |
| dedina | village |
| dejiny | history |
| dekanát | deanery, division of a diocese |
| deň | day |
| desať | ten |
| desiatok | tithing |
| desiaty | tenth |
| deti | children |
| deväť | nine |
| deväťdesiat(y) | ninety (ninetieth) |
| devätnásť(devätnástý) | nineteen (nineteenth) |
| deväťsto | nine hundred |
| deväťstý | nine hundredth |
| deviaty | ninth |
| dieťa | child |
| dietaťa | of the child |
| dieťatko | little child |
| diel | portion, share, volume |
| dievča | girl |
| diecéza | diocese |
| dievka, dievčina | girl |
| dňa | on the day |
| dnešok | today |
| dnešný | today's |
| do | to, into |
| doba | time period |
| dobrý | good |
| dôchodca | pensioner |
| dodatok | supplement, addition |
| dojča | infant |
| dôkaz | proof |
| doklad | document |
| dolný | lower |
| dom | house |
| doma | at home |
| domkár | cottager |
| domovský list | residency certificate |
| druhého | on the second |
| druhopis | duplicate |
| druhý | second |
| duplikát, kópia | duplicate |
| dva | two |
| dvadsať | twenty |
| dvadsiaty | twentieth |
| dvadsaťštyri | twenty-four |
| dvadsaťdeväť | twenty-nine |
| dvadsiaty deviaty | twenty-ninth |
| dvadsiaty druhý | twenty-second |
| dvadsaťdva | twenty-two |
| dvadsať-jeden | twenty-one |
| dvadsať-osem | twenty-eight |
| dvadsiaty ôsmy | twenty-eighth |
| dvadsiaty piaty | twenty-fifth |
| dvadsaťpäť | twenty-five |
| dvadsiaty prvý | twenty-first |
| dvadsať-sedem | twenty-seven |
| dvadsiaty siedmy | twenty-seventh |
| dvadsiaty šiesty | twenty-sixth |
| dvadsiaty štvrtý | twenty-fourth |
| dvadsiaty tretí | twenty-third |
| dvadsať-šesť | twenty-six |
| dvadsac-tri | twenty-three |
| dvanásť(dvanásty) | twelve (twelfth) |
| dva | two |
| dvesto | two hundred |
| dvestý | two hundredth |
| dvojča, dvojčatá | twin, twins |
| dvor | court |
E[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| emigrácia, vysťahovalectvo | emigration |
| erb | coat of arms |
| erbový | heraldic |
| erbovníctvo | heraldry |
| evanjelický | Evangelical, Lutheran, |
| Protestant evanjelický A.V. | Lutheran, of the Augsburg denomination |
F[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| fabrikant | factory owner |
| fara | parish |
| farár | pastor, parish priest |
| farbiar | dyer |
| farmár | farmer farnosť |
| farský úrad | parish office |
| február | February |
G[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| gazda | farmer |
| gazdovstvo | farm |
| genealógia | genealogy genealogický strom, family tree rodokmeň |
| grunt | family property |
| gruntovné knihy | land records |
| gruntovník | farmer, land holder |
| gubernia | Russian province |
H[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| hajník, horár | forester |
| heraldika | heraldry |
| história | history |
| hlavný | main |
| hnačka | diarrhea |
| ho | him |
| hodina | hour |
| hoden, ctihodný | worthy |
| holič | barber |
| hora | mountain, hill |
| horný | upper |
| horúčka | fever |
| hospodár | farmer (self sustaining) |
| hospodárstvo | farm |
| hostinský, krčmár | innkeeper |
| hrad | castle |
| hranica | border, boundary |
| hrnčiar | potter |
| hrob | grave |
I[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| ich | their |
| imigrácia, | immigration |
| inak tiež | alias |
| informácia (-e) množné | information |
| inokedy | at another time |
| iný | other, different |
J[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| jazero | lake |
| jazyk | language |
| je | he/she/it is |
| jeden, -na, -no | a, an, one |
| jedenásť (jedenásty) | eleven (eleventh) |
| jedináčik, jediné dieťa | the only child |
| jeho | his, its |
| jej | her |
| jemu | to him |
| jutro | acre |
| júl | July |
| jún | June |
| január | January |
K[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| k, pre | to, for |
| kalendár | calendar |
| kam | to where |
| kamenár, murár | mason |
| kaplnka | chapel |
| katolícky | Catholic |
| kazateľ | preacher |
| každý | each, every |
| kiahne | small pox |
| kašeľ | cough |
| klampiar | tinsmith |
| kláštor | convent, monastery |
| kmotor, krstný otec | godfather |
| kmotra, krstná mama | godmother |
| kmotri | godparents |
| kňaz | priest |
| kniha, knihy | book, books |
| knižnica | library |
| koho | whom |
| kojenec, dojča | suckling |
| kominár | chimney sweep |
| konečný, posledný | final, last |
| koniec | end |
| konto, účet | account |
| konvertovanie | conversion |
| kostol | church |
| kováč | smith |
| koželuh, garbiar | tanner |
| kraj | region, area |
| krajčír | tailor (male) |
| krajčírka | seamstress |
| kráľ | king |
| kráľovná | queen |
| kráľovský | royal |
| kráľovstvo | kingdom |
| times | |
| kŕče | cramps, convulsions |
| (po) krvný | blood-related |
| kronika, kroniky | chronicle, chronicles |
| krst | christening, baptism |
| krstné meno | given name |
| krstný list | christening (baptismal) certificate |
| krstenec | the one christened, baptized |
| krstu | of the christening |
| krsty | christenings, baptisms |
| krvácanie | bleeding, hemorrhage |
| kto | who |
| ktorý | who, which |
| kumšt, obchod | trade, occupation |
| kupec | shopkeeper, merchant |
| kúpele | spa, spring, bath |
| kúpil | he bought |
L[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| lán | a measure of land |
| latinský | Latin |
| lekár | physician |
| les | forest, woods |
| list | letter, correspondence |
| letopoč-et | date |
| tento rok | this year |
| ľavoboček | illegitimate child |
| list | certificate, page |
| listina | legal document |
| loď | ship, boat |
| legitímne | legitimate |
| nelegitímne | illegitimate |
| ľudia | people |
M[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| má | he/she/it has |
| macocha | stepmother |
| maďarský | Hungarian |
| máj | May |
| majetný | wealthy, property owning |
| majetok | property |
| majster | master craftsman |
| majú | they have |
| mal, -a, -o | he (she, it) had |
| maliar | painter |
| malý | small, little |
| matka, mama, mamka, | mother |
| maminka, mamička | mum |
| manžel | husband |
| manželia | married couple |
| manželka | wife |
| manželský, zákonný | legitimate |
| manželstvo | marriage |
| mapa | map |
| marec | March |
| mäsiar | butcher |
| mať | to have |
| matrika, matriky | vital records, church records |
| matrika narodených | birth register |
| matrika zosobášených | marriage register |
| matrika zomrelých | death register |
| medzi | between |
| meno | name |
| menovite | that means, namely |
| menší | lesser, smaller, shorter |
| mesiac | month |
| mešťan, občan | burgher, citizen |
| mesto | town, city |
| miestny | local |
| miesto | place, locality |
| miesto bydliska | place of residence |
| miestopisný slovník | gazetteer |
| mládenec | youth |
| mladý | young |
| mlyn | mill |
| mlynár | miller |
| ml. (mladší) | younger, |
| modlitba | prayer |
| moravský | Moravian |
| most | bridge |
| mŕtvo narodený | stillborn |
| mŕtvy | dead |
| murár | bricklayer |
| muž | man, husband |
| mužský | male |
N[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| na | on, at, around |
| náboženstvo | religion |
| nad | on the, above, upon |
| nádenník | day worker, day laborer |
| náhrobný kameň | gravestone |
| najmladší | youngest |
| nájomník | renter |
| najstarší | oldest, eldest |
| nájdenec, najdúch | foundling |
| nám | to us |
| nar. | see narodil and narození |
| narodenie | birth |
| (na) rodený | born |
| narodil sa | was born |
| národný | national |
| nás | us |
| náš (naše) | our |
| nasledujúci, budúci | next |
| nazvaný | called, also known as, alias, named |
| nie (nie-) | no, not |
| nebožtík, zosnulý | the deceased |
| neďaleko | not far from |
| nedeľa | Sunday |
| nedostatok | lack of |
| nekatolík | non-Catholic |
| nemanželský, | illegitimate nezakonný |
| nemecký | German |
| nemenovaný | unnamed, nameless |
| nemoc | disease |
| neter | niece |
| neuvedené | not mentioned |
| nevesta | daughter-in-law |
| nevesta | bride |
| nevlastný | step- (as in step-mother step-sister, and so forth) |
| nevoľník | vassal, serf |
| nevyskytuje sa | does not appear |
| neplnoletý | not of legal age, minor |
| neznámy | unknown |
| nič | nothing |
| nie je | is not |
| nikdy | never |
| nízky | low, short |
| nižší | lower |
| noc | night |
| november | November |
| novomanželia | newlyweds |
| novorodenec | newborn |
| nový | new |
O[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| o | about, concerning |
| oba (obaja), obe | both |
| občan | citizen |
| obchodník | merchant |
| občianstvo | citizenship |
| obdržal | received |
| obec, obce | community, communities |
| oblastný archív | regional archive |
| obrad | rite, ceremony |
| obrezanie (obriezka) | circumcision |
| obsah | content |
| obuvník | shoemaker |
| obyvateľ | inhabitant, resident, citizen |
| obyvateľstvo | population |
| od | from, since |
| sobášna matrika | marriage register |
| zosobášený | married |
| oddať, vydať sa, | to marry oženiť sa |
| sobáš | marriage |
| odkiaľ | from where |
| odpovedať | to reply |
| ohlásený, oznámený | announced, published |
| ohlášky | banns |
| okolo | about, around |
| okres | district, county |
| október | October |
| on, -a, -o, -i, -y | he, she, it, they |
| osada, obec | community |
| osem(ôsmy) | eight (eighth) |
| osmdesiat(y) | eighty (eightieth) |
| osemstý | eight hundredth |
| osmnásť(osemnásty) | eighteen (eighteenth) |
| osem sto | eight hundred |
| osoba | person |
| osobný | personal |
| osýpky | measles |
| otec, oco, ocko | father |
| otčim | stepfather |
| otec, otcovia | father, fathers |
| ovdovená, -ý | widowed |
| vdovec | widower |
| oženený | married (man) |
| oženil sa | married a woman |
P[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| paholok | farm servant |
| pán | sir, Mr., Lord |
| pani | lady, Mrs. |
| panna | maiden, Miss, virgin [stará panna (dievka) = old maiden, spinster] |
| pastier | herdsman |
| pastier | shepherd |
| päť | five |
| päť sto | five hundred |
| päťdesiat(y) | fifty (fiftieth) |
| pätnásť(pätnásty) | fifteen, fifteenth |
| patrimoniálné knihy | patrimonial books |
| päťstý | five hundredth |
| pečať | seal |
| pekár | baker |
| pestúnka | foster mother |
| pestún | foster father |
| pevnosť | fortress |
| piatok | Friday |
| piaty | fifth |
| pisár | scribe |
| písať | to write |
| plnoletý | of legal age |
| plný | full, complete |
| po (potom) | after |
| pobyt | residence |
| pochovaný | buried |
| pochovať | bury |
| pokrstený | christened, baptized |
| pokrstil | have christened, baptized |
| pod | under |
| poddaný, nevoľník | serf |
| podľa | according to |
| podobný | similar |
| podpis | signature |
| podpísaný | the undersigned |
| podpora | assistance |
| podruh??? | farm laborer |
| pohlavie | gender, sex |
| pohreb, pohreby | burial, burials |
| pohrobok | posthumous child |
| pokrstený | christened |
| (po) krstil | have christened, baptized |
| pokrvný | blood-related |
| pol, polovica | half |
| polnoc | midnight |
| poľovník | hunter |
| poľský | Polish |
| poludnie | noon |
| pomoc | help |
| pondelok | Monday |
| popálenina | burn |
| popis | description |
| poplatok | fee, cost |
| popoludnie | in the afternoon |
| populácia | population |
| pôrod | childbirth, labor |
| pôrodná baba | midwife |
| poručník | guardian |
| posledná vôľa | last will, testament |
| posledné pomazanie | last rites |
| posledný | final, last |
| potok | stream |
| potomok | descendant |
| pôvod | origin, parentage |
| povolanie | occupation, profession |
| povolenie | permission |
| požehnanie | blessing |
| pozemkové knihy | land books |
| poznámky | remarks |
| pozostalý | left behind, surviving |
| pra- | great- |
| prastará mama, (prababka) | great-grandmother |
| pracovný | diligent, hard working |
| prastarý otec, dedo (pradedko) | great-grandfather |
| prarodičia | grandparents |
| prateta | great aunt |
| praujec | great uncle |
| právny | legal |
| právo | law |
| pravoverný | orthodox |
| pravý | right, true |
| pre | for |
| pred | before, in front of |
| predchádzajúci | former |
| predok | ancestor |
| predošlý | previous |
| predtým | before |
| predvčerom | day before yesterday |
| presne | exactly |
| pretože | because |
| priateľ | friend (male) |
| priateľka | friend (female) |
| približný | approximate |
| príbuzný | related, relative |
| príčina | cause, reason |
| priezvisko | surname |
| prímenie | surname, last name |
| príbuzenstvo | relationship |
| prisťahovalectvo | immigration |
| prítomnosť | presence |
| prehlásenie | statement |
| prosba, žiadosť | request |
| prosíme, žiadame | we request |
| protestantský | Protestant |
| proti | against |
| pruský | Prussian |
| prvorodený | firstborn |
| prvý | first |
R[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| r. (roku) | year |
| radnica | city hall |
| rakovina | cancer |
| rakúsky | Austrian |
| ráno or | in the morning predpoludnie, dopoludnie |
| remeň | leather belt |
| remeselník | tradesman |
| remeslo | trade |
| bádanie, výskum | genealogical research |
| rieka | river |
| rímsko-katolícky | Roman Catholic |
| robotník | laborer, vassal |
| robotník | laborer, worker |
| roč. (ročník) | year (of book) |
| ročný | annual |
| rod | family, clan, descent, lineage |
| rodom, meno za slobodna | maiden name |
| rodič, rodičia | parent, parents |
| rodina | family |
| rodisko | birthplace |
| rodná matrika | birth register |
| rodné meno | surname |
| rodný list | birth certificate |
| rodokmeň | pedigree, family tree, lineage |
| rodopis | genealogy |
| rok | year |
| rokov | years |
| roľník | peasant |
| rod. (rodená) | maiden name |
| rôzny | various |
| rozvedený | divorced |
| rozvod | divorce |
| ruský | Russian, Ruthenian, Ukrainian |
| rybár | fisherman |
| rychtár | village magistrate |
| rytier | knight |
S[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| s, so | with |
| samota | hamlet |
| šarlach | scarlet fever |
| sčítanie ľudu | census oznamujeme Vám |
| oznamujeme Vám | we inform you |
| sedliak | farmer (large farm) |
| sedem sto | seven hundred |
| sedem (siedmy) | seven(th) |
| sedemdesiat(y) | seventy (seventieth) |
| sedemnásť (sedemnásty) | seventeen(th) |
| sedemstý | seven hundredth |
| hostinský, krčmár | tavern keeper |
| september | September |
| šesť (šiesty) | six(th) |
| šesťdesiat(y) | sixty (sixtieth) |
| sesternica | cousin (female) |
| šesťstý | six hundredth |
| šestnásť(šestnásty) | sixteen(th) |
| šesťto | six hundred |
| sestra | sister |
| sirota | orphan |
| škola | school |
| slabosť | weakness, sickness |
| slabý | weak |
| šľachta | nobility |
| šľachtic | nobleman |
| slávny | famous |
| slečna | Miss |
| sliezsky | Silesian |
| slobodný | unmarried, single |
| slovenský | Slovak |
| slovník | dictionary |
| sluha | servant (male) |
| služba | service |
| slúžka (služobná) | servant (female) |
| smrť | death |
| snúbenec | fiancé, betrothed, groom |
| snúbenica | fiancee, betrothed, bride |
| sobáš, sobáše | marriage, marriages |
| sobášny list | marriage certificate |
| sobota | Saturday |
| suchoty | consumption |
| spolu | together |
| spoločnosť | society |
| správa | report |
| stará dievka | old maiden, spinster, older, elder, senior |
| stará mať, stará matka | grandmother |
| staroba | old age |
| starosta | mayor |
| starý | old |
| starý mládenec | bachelor |
| štát | state |
| štátna matrika | civil registry |
| statok | farm |
| stav | marital status, condition |
| sto | hundred |
| stolár | cabinet maker |
| storočie | century |
| str. (strana) | page, side |
| stred, -ný | central, middle, average |
| streda | Wednesday |
| strýc, strýko, ujec | uncle |
| štvrtok | Thursday |
| štvrtý | fourth |
| stý | one hundredth |
| štyri | four |
| štrnásť(štrnásty) | fourteen (fourteenth) |
| štyridsať | forty |
| štyridsiaty | fortieth |
| štyristo | four hundredth |
| štvorstý | four hundred |
| sú | they are |
| súd | court |
| sudca | judge |
| súhlas | consent |
| súrodenci | siblings; brothers and sisters |
| sused(ka), susedia | neighbor, neighbors svadba, sobáš |
| svadba, sobáš | wedding |
| svadobné oznámenie | wedding announcement švagor |
| švagor | brother-in-law |
| švagriná | sister-in-law svadobný, sobášny |
| svadobný, sobášny | marital, of marriage svätý |
| svätý | holy |
| svedok | witness |
| sviatok | holiday |
| svokor | father-in-law |
| svokra | mother-in-law |
| syn, synovia | son, sons |
| synagóga | synagogue |
| synovec | nephew |
T[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| takzvaný | so called |
| tam | there |
| toho miesta | of that place |
| tehliar | brick maker |
| tehotenstvo | pregnancy |
| tehotná | pregnant |
| terajší, súčasný | this, the present |
| tesár | carpenter |
| teta | aunt |
| tiež | also |
| tisíc(i) | one thousand(th) |
| titul | title |
| tkáč | weaver |
| to | it, this |
| toho roku | of the current year |
| toľko | so much, as much |
| tovaryš | journeymen |
| tretí | third |
| trh, trhovisko | market |
| tri | three |
| tridsať | thirty |
| tridsiaty | thirtieth |
| trinásť(trinásty) | thirteen(th) |
| tristo | three hundred |
| tristý | three hundredth |
| truhlár | cabinetmaker |
| tu | here |
| tunajší | of this place |
| tuberkulóza | tuberculosis |
| týfus brušný | typhoid fever |
| týždeň | week |
| týždne | weeks |
U[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| u | at, in |
| úbohý | poor |
| učeň | apprentice |
| učiteľ | teacher |
| údaj | information |
| údolie | valley |
| uhorský | Hungarian |
| uhliar | coalman |
| ukrajinský | Ukrainian |
| ul. (ulica) | street, road |
| uložený | deposited |
| umrel, zomrel | died |
| umrieť, zomrieť | to die |
| úmrtie, smrť | death |
| úmrtný list | death certificate |
| úmrtná matrika | death register |
| úplavica | dysentery |
| úrad | office |
| úradník | clerk, officer |
| urodzený | of noble birth |
| usadlík | settler |
| ústny | verbal, oral |
| utorok | Tuesday |
| uvedený | known |
| uzavretie | contracting (of marriage) |
V[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| v, vo | in, on, at |
| Vás | you |
| Váš | your |
| včera | yesterday |
| včerajší | yesterday=s |
| vdova | widow |
| [vdova po Jozefovi = widow of Jozef] vdovec | widower |
| večer | in the evening |
| vedľa | next to |
| vek | age |
| veľký | big, great, large |
| veľkomožný | magnate vhodný, primeraný |
| vhodný, primeraný | appropriate |
| viď. | see |
| vlani, minulý rok, | last year |
| vlasť | homeland |
| vlastné meno | surname |
| vlastný | own, real, natural, self |
| vnučka | granddaughter |
| vnuk | grandson |
| voda | water |
| vojak | soldier |
| vojenský | military |
| vojsko | military |
| vojvodstvo | duchy |
| vrchný | upper |
| všetko | all |
| vydala sa | she married |
| vydaný | published |
| vydatá žena | married woman |
| vykonal | performed, did, accomplished |
| vykonaný | performed |
| výmenkár(ka) | pensioner |
| výpis, výťažok | extract |
| výročie | anniversary |
| vysoký | high, tall |
| vyšší | upper |
| vyznanie | religion |
| vždy | always |
Z[edit | edit source]
| Slovak | English |
|---|---|
| z, zo | from, of (a place) |
| záhradník | gardener |
| zajtra | tomorrow |
| zákonný | lawful, legal, legitimate |
| zamestnanie | employment |
| zámočník | locksmith |
| zámok | palace |
| zápal pľúc | pneumonia |
| záškrt | diphtheria |
| zasnúbenie | engagement (to marry) |
| zasnúbený | betrothed, engaged |
| zasnúbiť sa | to become engaged |
| zať | son-in-law |
| závet | will, testament |
| zem | earth |
| zemepán | feudalist, statkár, landowner |
| zemské dosky | land tablets |
| želiar | cottager |
| žena | woman, wife |
| ženatý | married (man) |
| ženích | bridegroom |
| ženský | female |
| zosnul | died |
| žiadny | no, none |
| žiadosť | request |
| žid, židia | Jew, Jewish |
| židovský | Jewish |
| žijúci | living |
| život | life |
| životopis | biography |
| žltačka | jaundice |
| zmluva | contract, agreement |
| zničenie | destruction |
| žobrák | beggar |
| zomrel | died |
| zoznam | list, index, directory |
| zvolenie | consent |
| zv. (zväzok) | volume, number |
Other Languages[edit | edit source]
Before 1918 the Slovak lands were part of the Kingdom of Hungary which, together with Austria, constituted the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Records written before 1918 may be in Hungarian, Latin, German, or Slovak. Slovak records often contain Hungarian, Latin, or German words.
To help you read genealogical records also see the following word lists:
