DARLING FAMILY HISTORY FOLLOWS:
DARLING FAMILY HISTORY FOLLOWS:
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DARLING FAMILY
10 February 2020
September 2018
MIDLOTHIAN, EDINBURGH COUNTY, SCOTLAND
KILLED IN WAR:
6.a.2.b.1.a.1. BARON THOMAS CLIFFORD (1414-1455) \\
(Killed at Battle of St. Albans)
6.a.6.a.1. JOHN DISNEY (1410-1461) \\
(Killed in the Battle of Towton)
6.a. SAINT SIR THOMAS MORE (SAINT IN CATHOLIC CHURCH) (1478-1535)
(Beheaded for Religious Treason)
DARLING FAMILY
GENERATIONS
1. John Darling 1482-1552 \\
Unknown \\
2. Joseph Darling 1513-
Elizabeth Unknown 1513- \\
3. Clement Darling 1538-
3.a. Agnes Cockpen 1538- \\
4. George Darling 1563-1609
4.a. Elizabeth Muzzy 1566-1632 \\
5. George Darling 1584-1629 Scotland
5.a. Isobel Muckle 1588-1652 Scotland
5.a. William Muckle 1550-1588 \\
Isabella Laidlaw 1550-1637 \\
6. George Darling 1615-1693 Scotland to NE 1650
6.a. Katherine More 1637-1703
6.a. Cap. Richard More 1614-1696
PILGRIM 1620
6.a.1. Christian Hunter 1615-1676
NE 1635
6.a. Samuel More 1594-1662
6.a.2. Katherine More 1586-1623
6.a. Richard More 1570-1643
6.a.3. Sarah Harris 1570-
6.a. Sir Knight Robert More 1530-1603
6.a.4. Lucy Kemsey 1550-1607
6.a. John Thomas Moore I 1509-1547
6.a.5. Lady Ann Cresacre 1511-1577
6.a. Saint (Catholic) Sir Thomas More 1478-1535 (Beheaded for religious treason)
6.a.6. Joan Colt 1480-1511
6.a. Sir John More 1451-1530
6.a.7. Lady Agnes Graunger 1455-1499
6.a. William De More 1420-1469 \\
Margaret Brenchley 1420-1463 \\
6.a.1. Thomas Hunter 1590-1627
6.a.1.a. Susanna Gentleman 1593-1675
NE 1635
6.a.1. Thomas Hunter 1556-1611 \\
Unknown \\
6.a.2. Jasper More 1547-1614
6.a.2.a. Elizabeth Smalley 1552-1627
6.a.2. Thomas More Esq. 1520-1566 \\
6.a.2.b. Lady Margaret Cressett 1510-
6.a.2. William More 1440-1500 \\
Elizabeth Berkeley deceased \\
6.a.3. Richard Harris 1530-1598 \\
Anne Geno 1530- \\
6.a.4. Simon Kemsey 1530- \\
6.a.4.a. Katherine Jennings 1535-
6.a.5. Edward Cresacre 1485-1512
6.a.5.a. Jane Basset 1488-1512
6.a.5. John Cresacre 1455-1508
6.a.5.b. Margaret Hastings 1464-1513
6.a.5. John Cresacre 1425-
6.a.5.c. Catherine Wortley 1430-1511
6.a.5. Sir Percival Cresacre 1408-1467 \\
Alice Mounteney 1404-1450 \\
6.a.6. John Colt of Essex 1464-1521
6.a.6.a. Elizabeth Eldrington 1455-1509
6.a.6. Thomas Colt (Coulte) 1420-1471
6.a.6.b. Johanna Trusbut 1435-1473
6.a.6. Thomas Colt of Carlisle 1400-1474 \\
Johanna Gyrlyington 1407-1482 \\
6.a.7 Thomas Hanscom Graunger 1425-1503
Lady Margaret Hanscombe Sweetehanam 1425-1503 \\
6.a.7. John Graunger 1400-1425 \\
Mary Hanscombe 1405-1477 \\
6.a.1.a. Richard Gentylleman 1573- \\
Elizabeth Barton 1570- \\
6.a.2.a. Lord Nicholas Small 1510-1565
6.a.2.a.1. Jane Pemberton 1518-1602
6.a.2.a. William John Small deceased \\
Jane Wilkinson 1500-1590 \\
6.a.2.b. Richard Cressett 1470-1546
6.a.2.b.1. Joan Wrottesley 1485-1546
6.a.2.b. Thomas Cressett 1436-1520
6.a.2.b.2. Joan Corbet 1447-1520
6.a.2.b. Robert Cressett 1419-1490 \\
Lady Christiana Stapleton 1423-1510 \\
6.a.4.a. Thomas Jennings 1505-
5.a.4.a.1. Katherine Oteley 1511-
6.a.4.a. Roland Jennings 1471-1528
6.a.4.a.2. Elizabeth Bromley 1479- \\
6.a.4.a. Thomas Jennings 1443-1499 \\
6.a.4.a.3. Eleanora Jay 1444-
6.a.5.a. Sir Richard Basset 1455-1544
6.a.5.a.1. Elizabeth Dunham 1473-1541
6.a.5.a. Thomas Bassett 1425- \\
6.a.5.a.2. Margery Mering 1430-1510
6.a.5.b. Sir Hugh Hastings Knight 1437-1488
Anne Gascogne 1428-1488 \\
6.a.5.b. Sir John Hastings 1411-1477 \\
Anne Morley 1413-1471 \\
6.a.5.c. Sir Knight Nicholas Wortley Jr. 1400-1488 \\
Isabel Tunstall 1405-1492 \\
6.a.6.a. Sir John Elrington 1438-1483
6.a.6.a.1. Maude Disney 1437-1483
6.a.6.a. Simon Elrington Knight 1410-1451 \\
6.a.6.a.2. Margaret Echingham 1412-1485 \\
6.a.6.b. John Trusbut 1415-1452 \\
Elizabeth Cateryke 1418-1482 \\
6.a.2.a.1. Christopher Pemberton, Esq. 1501-1558
6.a.2.a.1.a. Julyanne Randall 1505-1581
6.a.2.a.1. John Pemberton 1475-1509
6.a.2.a.1.b. Margaret Butler 1480-1514
6.a.2.a.1. Geoffrey Pemberton 1445-1500
6.a.2.a.1.c. Alice de Lago 1442-1514
6.a.2.a.1. William Pemberton 1415- \\
Unknown \\
6.a.2.b.1. Sir Richard Oxford Wrottesley 1457-1524
6.a.2.b.1.a. Lady Margaret Sutton 1463-1517
6.a.2.b.1. Sir Walter Wrottesley Esq. 1434-1473
6.a.2.b.1.b. Jane Baron 1425-1481
6.a.2.b.1. Sir Hugh Wrottesley 1400-1464 \\
Thomasine Gresley 1410-1480 \\
6.a.2.b.2. Sir Roger Corbet Sheriff 1412-1467 \\
Lady Elizabeth Stanley Hopton 1420-1498 \\
6.a.4.a.1. Sir William Otley 1466-1529
6.a.4.a.1.a. Lady Margeria Leighton Bruyn 1472-1530
6.a.4.a.1. Lord Thomas Oteley 1440-1485 \\
6.a.4.a.1.b. Anne Scriven 1429-1486
6.a.4.a.3. Roland Jay 1419- \\
Isabella Unknown 1420- \\
6.a.5.a.1. Sir John Dunham 1450-1524
6.a.5.a.1.a. Elizabeth Bowett 1445-1501
6.a.5.a.1. Robert Dunham 1410-1463 \\
Margaret Elizabeth Stafford 1435-1500 \\
6.a.5.a.2. Sir William Mering 1405-1466 \\
6.a.5.a.2.a. Elizabeth de Neville 1410-1488 \\
6.a.6.a.1. John Disney 1410-1461 \\
(Killed in the Battle of Towton)
Margaret De Neville 1430-1492 \\
6.a.6.a.2. Sir Thomas Bryan De Echingham 1400-1444 \\
Elizabeth De Cokayne 1395-1473 \\
6.a.2.a.1.a. Sir John Randall/Randolph 1470-1522
6.a.2.a.1.a.1. Lady Elizabeth Moreton 1478-1519
6.a.2.a.1.a. John Randall 1430-1482 \\
6.a.2.a.1.a.1. Erica Stokes 1436-1486
6.a.2.a.1.b. Earl Thomas Butler 1426-1515 \\
Anne Hankford 1431-1485 \\
6.a.2.a.1.c. Stephen De Lago 1430- \\
Mary Unknown 1435- \\
6.a.2.b.1.a. Sir Edmund Sutton 1425-1483
6.a.2.b.1.a.1. Matilda “Maud” Clifford 1442-1491
6.a.2.b.1.a. Sir John Sutton 1400-1487 \\
Lady Elizabeth Berkeley 1400-1478 \\
6.a.2.b.1.b. William Baron Teller of the Exchequer 1407-1478 \\
Joan Knollys 1412- \\
6.a.4.a.1.a. John Bruyn 1443-
6.a.4.a.1.a.1. Jane Leighton 1450-
6.a.4.a.1.a. Sir Henry Le Bruyn 1420-1461 \\
Elizabeth Darcy 1424-1471 \\
6.a.4.a.1.b. Robert Scriven 1417-1496 \\
Elizabetha Alicia Corbet 1406- \\
6.a.5.a.1.a. Nicholas Bowett 1408-1451\\
Elizabeth la Zouche 1395-1440 \\
6.a.2.a.1.a.1. Ralph De Morton 1463-1531 \\
Unknown \\
6.a.2.a.1.a.1. Sir Thomas Stokes Lord of Seend 1425-1495
Mary Ellen de Roos 1420-1501
6.a.2.a.1.a.1. John Stokes 1400-1425 \\
Sarah Gramary 1401-1480 \\
6.a.2.b.1.a.1. Baron Thomas Clifford 1414-1455 \\
(Killed at Battle of St. Albans)
Joan Dacre 1415-1486 \\
6.a.4.a.1.a.1. John Leighton, Sheriff 1430-1493
6.a.4.a.1.a.1.a. Ankaret Burgh 1434-1498
6.a.4.a.1.a.1. Edward Leighton 1412-1456 \\
Joan Joyce Corwall 1414-1432 \\
6.a.4.a.1.a.1.a. Sir John Burgh 1414-1471 \\
Lady Jane Clopton 1415- \\
7. Timothy Burbank 1668-1706 SEE BURBANK
Rebecca Darling 1668-1712
1668 1706
8. Samuel Burbank 1706-1781
8.a. Mary Reed 1709-
9. Lieut. Daniel Burbank 1736-1803
Rev. War
9.a. Mary Marks 1740-1808
10. Maj. Daniel Burbank 1770-1832
War of 1812
10.a. Margaret Pynchon 1775-1826
11. Daniel Mark Burbank 1814-1894
11.a. Sarah Z. Southworth 1835-1927
12. Brigham Southworth Burbank 1855-1943
12/a/ Mary Elizabeth Pett 1856-1951
13. Silas Andrew Marble 1883-1961
13.a. Mary Evaline Burbank 1881-1970
14. Merlin Junius Romer 1914-1974
14.a. Emma Margrette Marble 1918-2004
++
1. JOHN DARLING (1482-1552 \\
UNKNOWN \\
JOHN DARLING was born about 1482 of Melrose, Selkirkshire, Scotland, to unknown parents. He married Unknown.
John Darling died about 1552 of Melrose, Selkirkshire, Scotland, age 70.
Children of Mr. and Mrs. John Darling:
1. John Darling (1505-)
2. Robert Darling (1510-)
3. Phillip Darling (1511-)
4. *JOSEPH DARLING (1513-)
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2. JOSEPH DARLING (1513-)
ELIZABETH UNKNOWN (1513-) \\
JOSEPH DARLING was born about 1513 of Lasswade, Lothian, Scotland, to John Darling (1482-1552) and Unknown. He married Elizabeth Unknown about 1538, Lasswade, Lothian, Scotland,
Joseph Darling died at unknown date.
Child of Joseph and Elizabeth Darling:
1. *CLEMENT DARLING (1538-)
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3. CLEMENT DARLING (1538-)
AGNES COCKPEN (1538-) \\
CLEMENT DARLING was born about 1538 of Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland, to Joseph Darling (1513-) and Elizabeth Unknown (1513-.) He married Agnes Cockpen about 1563 of Scotland.
We don’t know when Clement died.
AGNES COCKPEN was born about 1538 of Lasswade, Lothian, Scotland, to unknown parents. She married Clement Darling about 1563 of Scotland.
AgnesCockpen died at unknown date.
Child of Clement Darling and Agnes Cockpen:
1. *GEORGE DARLING (1563-1609)
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4. GEORGE DARLING (1563-1609)
ELIZABETH MUZZY (1566-1632) \\
GEORGE DARLING was born 4 December 1563, Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland, to Clement Darling (1538-) and Agnes Cockpen (1538-.) He married Elizabeth Muzzy about 1585 of Lasswade, Lothian, Scotland.
George Darling died 28 April 1609, Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland, age 46.
ELIZABETH MUZZY was born about 1566 of Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland, to unknown parents. She married George Darling about 1585 of Lasswade, Lothian, Scotland.
Elizabeth Muzzy passed away about 1632, Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland, age 66.
Children of George Darling and Elizabeth Muzzy:
1. *GEORGE DARLING (1584-1629)
2. Robert Darling (1585-)
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5. GEORGE DARLING (1584-1629) Scotland
5.a. ISOBEL MUCKLE (1588-1632) Scotland
GEORGE DARLING was born in Midlothian, Scotland, about 1584, to George Darling (1563-1609 Scotland) and Elizabeth Buzzy (1566-1632.) He married Isobel Muckle, 29 June 1605, in Lasswade, Scotland.
George Darling died 29 April 1629, Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland, at about age 41.
Wikitree:
Biography
• Fact: Life Sketch GEORGE DARLING was born in Midlothian, Scotland, about 1584, to unknown parents. He married Isabel Muckle, 29 June 1605, in Lasswade, Scotland.
George Darling died in about 1629, of Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland, at about age 41.
ISABEL MUCKLE was born about 1588, of Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland to unknown parents. She married George Darling, 29 June 1605, in Lasswade.
Isabel Muckle died about 1652, in Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland, at about age 64.
Children of George Darling and Isabel Muckle:
1. Charles Darling, b. 16 Nov 1610, Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland.
2. George Darling Jr. was born, 16 July 1614, in Lasseade, Midlothian, Scotland, to George Darling (1584-1629) and Isabel Muckle (1588-1652.) He came to the US as a prisoner of Cromwell from Scotland. He married Katherine More in 1745, Salem, Massachusetts Bay. He died 13 September 1693, age 79. .
3. Agnes Darling, b. 1 June 1617, Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland.
4. Charlotte Darling, b. 5 Nov 1619, Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland.
5. Beatrice Darling, b. 1623, Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland.
WIKITREE:
• Fact: Life Sketch GEORGE DARLING was born in Midlothian, Scotland, about 1584, to unknown parents. He married Isabel Muckle, 29 June 1605, in Lasswade, Scotland.
George Darling died in about 1629, of Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland, at about age 41.
Children of George Darling and Isabel Muckle:
1. Charles Darling, b. 16 Nov 1610, Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland.
2. George Darling Jr. was born, 16 July 1614, in Lasseade, Midlothian, Scotland, to George Darling (1584-1629) and Isabel Muckle (1588-1652.) He came to the US as a prisoner of Cromwell from Scotland. He married Katherine More in 1745, Salem, Massachusetts Bay. He died 13 September 1693, age 79. .
3. Agnes Darling, b. 1 June 1617, Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland.
4. Charlotte Darling, b. 5 Nov 1619, Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland.
5. Beatrice Darling, b. 1623, Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland.
Area, Scotland - Lasswade - scenic painting by Walter Geikie
LINKED TO GEORGE DARLING
ISOBEL MUCKLE was born about 1588, of Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland to William Muckle (1550-1588) and Isabella Laidlaw (1550-1637.) She married George Darling, 29 June 1605, in Lasswade.
Isobel Muckle died about 1632, in Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland, at about age 56.
Children of George Darling and Isobel Muckle:
1. Thomas Darling (1608-)
2. Charles Darling, b. 16 Nov 1610, Lasswade, Scotland; d, 1674.
3. *GEORGE DARLING was born, 16 July 1615, in Lasseade, Midlothian, Scotland, to George Darling (1584-1629) and Isabel Muckle (1588-1652.) He came to the US as a prisoner of Cromwell from Scotland. He married Katherine More in 1745, Salem, Massachusetts. He died 13 September 1693, age 79. .
4. Agnes Darling, b. 1 June 1617, Lasswade, Scotland.
5. Rebecca Darling (1618-)
6. Charlotte Darling, b. 5 Nov 1619, Lasswade.
7. John Darling (1622-)
8. Beatrice Darling, b. 1623, Lasswade.
9. Richard Darling (1626-1683)
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5.a. WILLIAM MUCKLE (1550-1588) \\
ISABELLA LAIDLAW (1550-1637) \\
WILLIAM MUCKLE was born about 1550 of Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland, to unknown parents. He married Isabella Laidlaw.
William Muckle died after 1588 of Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland, age 38.
ISABELLA LAIDLAW was born about 1550 of Midlothian, Scotland, to unknown parents. She married William Muckle
Isabella Laidlaw died about 1637 of Midlothian, Scotland, age 87.
Child of William Muckle and Isabella Laidlaw:
1. *ISOBEL MUCKLE (1588-1652)
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6. GEORGE DARLING (1615-1693) Scotland to NE 1650
6.a. KATHERINE MORE (1637-1703)
[1650] GEORGE DARLING was born 6 July 1615, in Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland, to George Darling (1584-1629) and Isobel Muckle (1588-1652.)
George Darling married Cathrine Moore 31 March 1655, Essex, Massachusetts Bay.
George Darling died before 9 October 1693, at Salem, Essex, Massachusetts, age 79.
WIKITREE:
George Darling of Lynn and Marblehead, Massachusetts, a Scottish soldier in the army of Charles II was captured by Cromwell's troops in the Battle of Worcester. His services were sold to the Lynn, MA, iron works and sent to New England under an eight years indenture in 1651. He later bought the Coy Pond property at the junction of Lynn, Salem and Marblehead and set up an inn.[1]
• Christening (16 July 1614) Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland
• Immigration to the United States from England or Scotland Date: 1651 arriving in Boston, Massachusetts as an indentured servant
• Burial Salem, Massachusetts Bay, British Colonial America
• LifeSketch George Darling was born in 1614 in Scotland to George Darling (1579-1629) and Isabel Muckle (1583-1652.) George was captured at the Battle of Dunbar Scotland by Oliver Cromwell's troops. He was sent as an indentured servant to the Lynn Ironworks in Lynn, Mass. He worked at the iron works from 1653 to 1661. George Darling married Katherine More around 1657. They were married until his death in 1693.
George Durling's will notes his wife Katherine, sons John, James, Daniel, Thomas and Benjamin, and daughter's Hannah, Sarah and Margaret[2]
171 he was listed as a farmer at Marblehead, Essex, Massachusets.
George Darling was captured at the Battle of Dunbar Scotland by Oliver Cromwell’s troops. He was sent as an indentured servant to the Lynn Ironworks in Lynn Mass. His services were purchased by John Bex and Co. George worked at the Ironworks from 1653 to 1661. George arrived in the US aboard the ship Unity. Prisoners captured were first taken to Durham Castle Scotland and then sent to London, England, for trial. After trial they were sent to British Colonies with about 30-40 being sent to parts of MA. Sometime at or near the end of his service he purchased the Coy Pond property in Lynn/Salem/Essex/ Massachusetts and became the owner of a tavern and inn on that property. Before this time, or possibly during, he was also a farmer and a yeoman.
George Darling is included in the text of “Scotch Prisoners deported to New England by Cromwell,” by Charles Edward Banks, in the Massachusetts History Society Proceedings, Vol. 61, October 1928. This has an alphabetical list of passengers including prisoners from the Battle of Dunbar who settled in Kittery and Lynn (now Berwick) Maine. George Darling is one of the 37 names listed. He was 35 years old.
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*******
From Iswitch Quarterly Court Vol II 1656-1662:
"Oliver Purchis and George Darline, both at the Ironworks, deposed that in February last, 1656, in the moonlight they went to Linne town to the ordinary to see some persons from the Ironworks who had been there the whole afternoon before. They found a great store in the house drinking, some being full of drunk, particularly Sergeant Eldridge of Maldin, who had been there the greater part of the day before. Darling having occcasion to be in the house all night, deposed that Eldridge slept by the fire all night, and if deponent had not been there, his clothes and perhaps himself would have been burned so full of drink was the Sergeant. In one room was Muzzy and his wife, she sitting on one side of the table between two men and her husband on the other side of the table merrily singing to the rest. Katherine Lary, who lived in the house testified to the same. Allester Munduggle also testified."
From the same:
"George Darline and his wife, Kate, deosed that last winter all one Sabbath ay there were several persons sitting and drinking at Mr. John Hawthorn's house. That they were there from after morning exercise until people came from the evening exercise. They saw John Divan of the Irwonworks and Ralph Russell in the house overgone with drink. mr. Bridgwater also had been seen drunk in the house sometimes. Sworn before Thomas Marshall, commissioner of Lynn. 1657.
From the Salem Quarterly Court Vol 4 1667-1671:
"George Darlin aged fifty years and John Farbish aged about forty years,deposed concerning the agreement, and that the fish was to be delivered "at weighing time" Sworn March 3, 1670 before William Hathorne." "George Darling, aged about sixty years and Engrome Moodie aged about sixteen years, deposed that being neighbors of Mr. John Blano that they never hear him or the children complain of not having food and raiment and said Blano provided as well for them as any other man thereabouts.He had several time bought quarters of mutton, butter, cheese and milk for them. Sworn in court."
From Ipswich Quarterly Court vol 7 1680-1683:
"George Darling of Salem aged about sixty-six years, testified that he carried away a frame of a house of Jon. Coder and a frame of a house for William Poet, etc. Sworn in court September 26, 1681 before Bartholomew Gedney.
From Ipswitch Quarterly Court Vol 8 1680-1683:
"George Darling, aged sixty-six years, testified that Blood's lot in Lynn adjoining Fillawayes lot next the great bridge by Capt. Marshall's, etc. He further testified to the ownership from 1653-1661, when he left the Irown works. Sword Sept. 26, 1681."
From Salem Quarterly Court Vol 9 1683-1686:
"Warrant dated July 5, 1684 for the appearance of Walter Philips and wife Ruth, William Beale, Jr and his wife Sarah Paul and Joh Darlin son of George Darlin of Salem, Nathll Carrell, Jr and Prissillah Downing for fornication.
****ONLINE NOTES*****
#1
To: RedWitch04@aol.comSubj: George Darling
Date: 98-02-26 10:59:08 EST
From: Scotgen
To: RedWitch04
Greetings from Scotland.
I happened to be working amongst records of emigrants today and thought I would do a quick check for you.
George Darling is apparently included in the text of "Scotch Prisoners deported to New England by Cromwell" by Charles Edward Banks in the Mass. History Society Proceedings, Vol 61 October 1928. This, I understand, has an alphabetical list of passengers in the John & Sarah from London Including prisoners from the Battle of Dunbar who settled in Kittery & Lynn( now Berwick) Maine.
There was a George Darling born about 1584 in Lasswade. Midlothian, Scotland who married Isabel Muckle. Son George Darling born 16 July 1614 in Lasswade.( cannot guarantee that this is the correct one!)
Hope this helps.
Best wishes. Eileen (Scottish Genealogist)
#2
Scotch Prisoners Deported to New England by Cromwell 1651-1652.
Names of the Scotchmen remaining at the works in Lynn have been preserved and are listed - George Darling is one of the 37 names listed.
Passengers to America. Emigrants from England.
On this ships passenger list George Darling is listed, age 35, occupation hair dresser. from London***taken from World Family Tree Emmigrants to America CD #170****
#3
Children of George? Darling and are:
1George Darling, born in England; died 1692-1693 in Marblehead?, MA; married Katherine Gridley Bef. 1657 in Salem?, MA.
2Denice Darling, born 1640 in Yorkshire, England; died Jan 25, 1716/17 in Mendon, Worcester, MA; married Hannah Francis Jan 3, 1661/62 in Braintree, Norfolk, MA.
3John Darling, born Bef. 1644; died in Mendon?, Worcester Co., MA; married Elizabeth Downham May 13, 1664 in Braintree, MA.
Posted 19 Jan 2017 by elysa222
Saugus Iron Works at Lynn, Massachusetts
http://scottishprisonersofwar.com/lynn-iron-works/
Forge with bellows from Wikipedia
You can read a fascinating account of the origins of the Saugus Iron Works in The Saugus Iron Works at Lynn, Mass. by J. H. Woodbury, c 1892. While this small book does not mention one word about the Scots at the Iron Works from 1651-1688 I think there is no doubt about who some of the perpetrators are in this quote on page 10!
“The litigation to which the Iron Works were subjected increased and became oppressive. It appears as if the impulse to “sue the corporation” was instinctive among the townspeople. The corporation, its managers, and its workmenwere proceeded against under every conceivable excuse. The boundaries of worthless land, poor crops on sterile soil, unrestrained courtships, speaking lightly of the Governor, reproachfully of the Church and harshly of the King, were all subjects of long continued and bitter litigation.”
We know that some of the Scots did court and marry some of the English Puritan women. They got into trouble not respecting the English Puritan Governor or the English King (restored in 1660), understandably so! The works shut down in 1688 so our Scots were there from 1651 to 1688.
Thirty-five Scotsmen at the Iron Works in 1653
As found on a document compiled by George S. Stewart and located in the Bartlett Collection at the New England Historic and Genealogical Society.
1. James ADAMS
2. John ARCHIBALD
3. John BANK
4. Alexander BREBNER
5. Alexander BURGES
6. John CLARK
7. James DANIELSON
8. George DARLING
9. Malcolm DOWNING
10. James DUNSMORE
11. Peter GRANT
12. James GORDON
13. Alexander INNES
14. Andrew JAMESON
15. William JORDAN
16. Thomas KELTON
17. James “LADLE”
18. Robert “MIMY”
19. James M’CALL
20. Alexander M’DOUGAL
21. Malcolm M’CALLUM
22. William “M’WATER”
23. John M’SHANE
24. John MASON
25. Ingraham MOODY
26. John PURDIE
27. John “RUBTON”
28. John STEWART
29. Thomas TOWER
30. George THOMPSON
31. James THOMPSON
32. James TAYLOR
33. John “TOISH”
34. Thomas WALTER
35. Alexander GRIMES
For more information:
The Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site – “In the 1600’s, on the banks of the Saugus River, something extraordinary happened. Explore the place where European iron makers brought their special skills to a young Massachusetts colony. This nine-acre National Park includes working waterwheels, hot forges, mills, an historic 17th century home and a lush river basin.”
The following is found at Boyd House.com:
The Scots arrived in Lynn from Boston by boat. The initial payments for food for the Scots is recorded in the record books of John Giffard, the agent for the undertakers of the iron works, in April of 1651. This indicates that they arrived there around that time. There were also payments recorded for medicine and medical help, suggesting that they were in poor health. One death was recorded.
Once there, some were sold elsewhere. Alexander Ennis was evidently among those who remained at Saugus. He was listed on an inventory of the iron works dated November 1653. The inventory was a result of lawsuits resulting from financial difficulties. The Scots were valued at ?10 each, though Giffard protested that they were worth twice that amount and some of the Scots more than that.
The indentured Scots were employed in a variety of tasks, including acting as forge hands, assisting the colliers (who produced the charcoal for the iron works), and even keeping Hammersmith’s cattle. Giffard was directed to use most of the Scots as woodcutters to supply the colliers. Some were taught the trades of “smiths, colliers, carpenters, sawyers, finers, and hammerman” (according to Carlson). Giffard stated that these men “would neare have managed the Compa(ny’s) business themselves, and have saved them many hundreds of pounds in a yeare.” Carlson stated, “The Scots of Hammersmith were for the most part unskilled laborers. Yet, they played a major role in the support of the skilled iron workers.” If not for the debts that affected business, he says, these Scots would have taken over more and more of the skilled positions there.
Most of the Scots lived in the “Scotchmen’s house”, a single building one mile from the iron works. This house is believed to have had two rooms around a central chimney with a cellar oven. There were eleven beds and bolsters there and twice that number of coverlets and blankets, suggesting that the Scots slept two to a bed. Others lived with non-Scottish workers, although there is some indication that the company may have had other quarters built for them beside the house.
The company provided the Scots with food, clothing, and tools. Payments were recorded as having been received by local craftsmen and ironworker’s wives for shoes and clothing. Food was either grown on the company farm or purchased by Giffard for the Scots. The latter consisted of “malt, hops, bread, mackerel, wheat, peas, beef, and pork”, according to Carlson. Apparently, the undertakers thought that Giffard fed the Scots too well. They complained, “As for the dietting of the Scotts men:I have advised with some of the Company and they tell me that 3s. 6d. per weeke is a sufficient allowance for every man:Considering the cheapnes of provision thaire…you haveing ther plenty of fish, both fresh and salte and pidgions and venison and corne and pease at a very cheape Rate.” (A Collection of Papers Relating to the Iron Works at Lynn…, Baker Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA) Apparently, he was spending 6s. a week for each man on food. Some of the tools used by the Scots had been shipped with the Scots. Others were made by a local blacksmith. They were even supplied with “strong Waters” and tobacco at the expense of the Company.
Meanwhile, some claimed the Scots were not receiving their full portion. There were complaints that food and soap meant for the Scots went to other workers and even to the Giffard family.
The Scottish workers were not isolated from Lynn’s community, though it was an “alien environment”. Many Scots married local women both before and after their indentures were finished. In addition, “all Scotchmen, Negroes, and Indians inhabiting with or servants to the English” were to be included in military training, by the order of the colony’s General Court in May 1652. (Dow, George Francis, ed., The Probate Records of Essex County, Massachusetts, Salem, MA, 1920, I, p. 354-5, also A Collection of Papers Relating to the Iron Works at Lynn…(see above))
However, William Saxbe, Jr. noted in his article that, “Relations with the surrounding Puritan communities were not always smooth:a local observer noted that ‘At the Iron Works wee founde all the men wth smutty faces and bare armes working lustily…The headmen be of substance and godlie lives. But some of the workmen be young, and fond of frolicking, and sometimes doe frolicke to such purpose that they get before the magistrates. And it be said, m(u)ch to their discredit that one or two hath done naughtie workes with the maidens living thereabouts.’”[7]
Financial difficulties at the iron works led it to be handed over to creditors. The Scots were transferred over along with all of the iron works’ property. Most served the remainder of their terms at Lynn “in a plant that saw little activity conducted until the latter part of the decade” (Carlson).
• George Darling of Marblehead, Lynn and Salem Massachusetts
George Darling was born between the years of 1615 and 1620 most likely in the Midlothian region of Scotland. George was captured at the Battle of Dunbar Scotland by Oliver Cromwells troops in September of 1650. After the battle George and tens of thousands of other Scots were taken to Durham Castle and then sent to London, England for trial. Many of the Scots did not survive the conditions at Durham Castle nor the march to London. Even fewer survived the trip to the new colonies. After being pronounced guilty at his ’trial’, George was indentured to John Bex(Beax) and Company and sent as an indentured servant to the Lynn Ironworks in Lynn Mass for an 8 year term of servitude. The Iron Works is now largely referred to as the Saugus Iron Works and is presently located in Saugus Massachusetts. Historically it was also referred to as the Iron Works at Hammersmith.
Durham Castle
On November 11, 1650 George Darling and some 150 other Scotsmen sailed across the Atlantic ocean aboard the ship Unity to the new Colonies. They arrived in Boston in December of 1650. 62 of these men went to work as woodcuters in the forests near the Iron Works. Others stayed in Boston, some went to Maine and others sent south. One wonders, given his age at the time of between 30 and 35 if George didn't leave an entire family back in Scotland? Did he have a wife and children in the Midlothians? We'll probably never know for sure, we do know the families of the captured Scots never knew exactly what happened to them. They were not informed if their sons and husbands had been captured, died at Durham Castle or on the march back to London. Never told their loved ones had been shipped an entire world away.
He later bought the Coy Pond property at the junction of Lynn, salem and Marblehead and set up an inn.
Some time around 1657 George married a woman by the given name of Katherine and they were married until his death in 1693. The exact date of his death is uncertain. We know his estate was inventories on September 13, 1693 and the will probated October 9, 1693. It is believed his " Good Wife" Katherine died some time after 1703. George took The Freeman Oath. In 1672 George purchased two plots of land refered to as the Coy Pond property in Lynn/Salem/Essex/Ma and became the owner of a tavern and inn on that property. Before this time, or possibly during, he was also a farmer and a yeoman. George also fished and cut wood.
One of their sons, James Darling, gave testimony against Mary Towne Esty during the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. James Darling was married to Hannah Lewis Maine. She was the aunt of Mercy Lewis, one of the 'afflicted girls' of the Witch Hysteria. It is believed but not proven that after her death James married Sarah Proctor, daughter of John and Elizabeth Proctor. John Proctor was hung during the trials. His wife, Elizabeth, escaped hanging because she was pregnant, by the time she delivered the hysteria was over.
From The Great Migration Begins
On 1 May 1667 John Peach Sr. and others purchased fifty acres in Marblehead from Solomon Stoddard of Boston, gentleman, "fellow of the College of Cambridge in the County of Middlesex" [ELR 3:26]. On 24 February 1671[/2] John Peach of Marblehead, gentleman, sold to George Darling of Marblehead, farmer, "all that his quarter part of land called by the name of the Coye Pond land formerly purchased of Mr. Samuel Stoddard ... & one quarter part of all that land was purchased of Nathaniel Pitnam".
Scots House
This is where indentured servants from Scotland lived while working at the Saugus/Lynn Iron Works. George was indentured to John Bex(Beax) and Company and sent as an indentured servant to the Lynn Ironworks in Lynn Mass for an 8 year term of servitude. The Iron Works is now largely referred to as the Saugus Iron Works and is presently located in Saugus Massachusetts. Historically it was also referred to as the Iron Works at Hammersmith.
Cromwell at Dunbar
Battle of Dunbar, Scotland, 3 September 1650
It was the era of the English Civil Wars, 1642 to 1651 - an historical misnomer, since most of the carnage in those wars was in fact suffered by Ireland and Scotland, rather than England. Almost every student in the English-speaking world has learned the details of the Battle of Naseby, and Oliver Cromwell's subsequent execution of King Charles I. But few of us were taught anything about the Battle of Dunbar, September 3, 1650, where Scotland squandered an incredible opportunity to defeat Cromwell and change the course of British history. It was Scotland's best and last realistic chance to chart its own political and religious destiny.
At the start of the civil wars, a brigade usually consisted of two full-strength regiments. However by 1650, casualties, sickness, and desertions had cut most Scottish regiments down to half or even a quarter of their original strength. As a result, most brigades were composed of the remainder of three, four or sometimes more regiments.
Cromwell had returned from several months of drenching Ireland in blood to take on Leslie with a new army of 16,000 men, which crossed the Scottish border on July 22, 1650. In late August, the badly weakened English retreated east to Musselburgh on the coast, shipping out sick and wounded soldiers from its port by the hundreds. Leslie's brigades took up the chase, paralleling the English march and harrying the Roundheads with incessant guerrilla attacks as both armies headed Southeast.
By September 1, 1650, Lord-General Oliver Cromwell camped on the soggy course with 11,000 exhausted and sick New Model Army soldiers, beating a hasty retreat out of Scotland for England. The Scots had pushed the 11,000 remaining English troops into a narrow strip of coastal land near the town of Dunbar and boxed them in.
The morning of Sunday, September 1, 1650, was wet, cold and miserable - a typical late summer's day on Scotland's Southeast coast. The English commander's scouts had reported the road to the south and safety at Berwick effectively blocked. It was time to stand and fight, against impossible odds. But how? At this point, Cromwell's choices amounted to charging uphill against a much superior Scottish army or staying put, to wither and die. The English had only one thing going for them. If Leslie wished to attack, he could only do so by coming down the Doon escarpment. Cromwell's men were out of range for Leslie's artillery.
Leslie's army had already taken the high ground when the English straggled onto the golf course below late on the last day of August. He went to the Covenanters for permission to attack the English on September 1, a Sunday, before Cromwell could get his forces organized into a workable defense. They recoiled in horror from the idea of spilling blood on the Sabbath - even English blood.
As he resignedly watched the English regiments set up their defenses on Sunday morning, Leslie went over to Plan "B." He would stay atop Doon Hill and let the English army wither and die to the point of surrender or try to charge uphill against him. But at a morning meeting on Monday, Sept. 2, the Covenanters would have none of it. The preachers now saw themselves as military strategists far more brilliant than the man who had used his favorite allies "Hunger and Disease" to bring the English army to its knees with a minimum of Scottish losses. God, they piously decided, was on the side of the Covenanters. They were in charge, and they ordered Leslie to lead his army down Doon Hill that afternoon to prepare for an all-out attack on Cromwell the following morning.
After an hour of acrimonious debate, the exasperated general reluctantly obeyed, his tactical genius tied in knots of religious red tape.
With his back to the ocean, Cromwell now realized that his only chance of victory had miraculously come to pass. And he thanked the same God for his one shining chance at deliverance. Deciding to take the offensive, Cromwell ordered an audacious pre-dawn attack across the steep defile of Broxburn brook, aimed at a lightly defended position between the infantry and the cavalry on the Scottish right. The battle was lost by Leslie's men in an instant. Cromwell himself marveled at the work of his cavalry, saying, "they flew about like furies doing wondrous execution." An English officer put it a little more succinctly: "The Scots were driven out like turkeys."
The English victory was so complete that Cromwell broke into uncontrollable laughter amid the agonized screams of the wounded from both sides and the shattering silence of the bodies scattered two and three deep in places across the Dunbar battlefield. One Puritan preacher described Cromwell as "drunken of the spirit and filled with holy laughter" at Dunbar.
The battle was no laughing matter for Scotland. With 3,000 soldiers killed, it turned into the worst rout ever endured by Scottish soldiers, who threw down their arms and fled by the thousands into the countryside. They were chased down, killed or captured by Cromwell's cavalry as far as eight miles behind the original Scottish line. In addition to the 3,000 Scots killed at Dunbar, another 10,000 were taken prisoner. Those who were found to be fit for labor were rounded up for servitude in such English projects as salt works, the weaving industry, and colonies in America.
Cromwell's orders were to march the 5,100 Scottish soldiers south from Dunbar into captivity in England as quickly as possible, fearing the Scots might organize a counter-attack aimed at freeing and re-arming the prisoners. The march began at the crack of dawn on September 4th, and the prisoners finally arrived in Berwick, 28 miles to the south, well after dark that night. Scots escaped in droves along the road to Berwick and their English captors offered those recaptured no quarter, killing dozens of the unarmed escapees.
The English foot soldiers and cavalrymen escorting the prisoners had little food, eating mainly Scottish supplies captured from Leslie's baggage train. There was virtually nothing to feed the Scots. Civilians along the route occasionally risked English vengeance and tossed them bread or whatever else could be spared, which wasn't much after a summer of fighting in the area.
The prisoners quenched their thirst from puddles of rainwater and fetid ditches, and it didn't take long for uncontrolled dysentery and typhoid fever to sweep through the Scottish ranks. They began dying - first from wounds, then from sickness, and later starvation. It was now a death march, a forerunner of the Bataan death march endured by American prisoners captured by the Japanese after the fall of Corregidor in the Second World War.
At Newcastle, Haselrigge had them put into St. Nicholas' Church for the night. More prisoners died among the pews, and 500 others were unable to continue the march the following morning. The last agonizing stretch took those who could still walk from Newcastle down to Durham, leaving a trail of dying men and corpses stiffening in the early fall frost along the side of the road.
Late in the afternoon of September 11, about 3,000 surviving Scots staggered into Durham Cathedral, a magnificent Norman structure on the site of an abbey originally built by monks more than 1,000 years ago, in 997. Durham's Norman cathedral had served as a Benedictine monastery until 1540, and was now serving as a hospital for some of the dying soldiers. In the fall of 1650 it also become a prison for the Scottish captives. Sadly, prisoners and guards stripped the cathedral interior to fuel their fires. Deaths from starvation and dysentery continued, at times reportedly as high as 100 per day. Altogether, the death toll among the Dunbar captives has been estimated at 1,600. By the end of October 1650, approximately 1,600 Scots had died horrible deaths in Durham's much-revered House of God.
Only 1,400 of the 5,100 men who started the march from Dunbar in September were still alive less than two months later, when England's traders in human flesh came for them. Nine hundred of those survivors went to the New World, mainly Virginia, Massachusetts, and Barbados colony in the Caribbean.
The shocking reality is that far more Scots died as English prisoners than were killed at Dunbar. In Durham, disposal of the bodies had become a major problem. The mystery of what became of them was not solved until almost three centuries later, in 1946, when workers installed a central heating system in the cathedral's music school. They came upon a mass grave while digging a trench for heating pipes on the north side of the cathedral. That grave went in a straight line from the cathedral's North Door under a line of trees and then under the music school. The bodies had been buried without coffins or Christian services. The corpses had been tossed into the trench, one on top of the other, like so much garbage.
To this very day, there is no memorial of any kind to these unknown Scottish soldiers. They rest in anonymity in what they would have regarded as foreign soil, far from their homes and the graves of their loved ones. (End: “Battle of Dunbar.”)
The Cathedral Church of Christ, Blessed Mary the Virgin and St. Cuthbert of Durham,
Known as Durham Cathedral
Following by C. M. Harthorne:
George Darling was a soldier in the Army of Charles II,
Who had been crowned King of the Scots in 1643.
He fought in the Battle of Dunbar in the Third Civil War
In Scotland under command of David Leslie.
Oliver Cromwell’s forces defeated the Scots and took
10,000 Scots prisoner. They marched them south, some
One hundred and eleven miles to the Durham Cathedral
In England. Not surprisingly many were lost along the way,
Being driven on the arduous hike with almost no food or rest.
As testament of the harshness these men endured, less
Than a third survived. By the time they arrived at their “prison,”
A mere, 3,000 were left alive. With less than adequate food
And heat, these Scottish soldiers burned the woodwork
In the cathedral to stay warm. Suffering from the cold,
Malnutrition, and disease, by the end of October 1651,
Only 1,400 prisoners remained alive; 8,600
Dead men of the original 10,000 in custody. Those that lived
Through all this were shipped over to the colonies to serve as
Indentured servants. George Darling was indentured at the
Lynn, Massachusetts, Ironworks for a term of 8 years.
In the Durham Cathedral, marks left by these prisoners
Can still be seen etched into the interior stone to this day.
We do not know if George Darling left a family behind in Scotland when he was taken prisoner and brought to New England. He was the first Darling in the new world.
George Darling, Jr. died about 9 October 1693, Salem, Massachusetts, age 79.
KATHERINE MORE was born about 1637, of Dusbury, Plymouth, Massachusetts, to Richard More (1614-1696; came on the Mayflower at age 8) and Christian Hunter (1615-1676; Immigrated 1635.)
George Darling married Kathrine Moore 31 March 1655, Essex, Massachusetts Bay. They were married until his death in 1693.
Katherine More passed away about 1703, in Salem Essex, Massachusetts, at age 56.
WIKITREE:
Katherine was born about 1637. She passed away in 1703.
The determination that the maiden name of Katherine, the wife of George Darling, was “More”, is based on a deposition in 1713 by Thomas Darling, son of George and Katherine, in which the maiden name of his mother was stated. An earlier hypothesis that she was Katherine Gridley, the daughter of Richard Gridley, has been clearly debunked, as explained under the companion profile Katherine Unknown.
The evidence for the hypothesis that Katherine More was more than likely the daughter of Richard More and Christian Hunter is admittedly and by necessity circumstantial. The arguments were laid our in a post written by Barry Wood dated 26 March 2014.[2] and a "Legal Brief" by Attorney Barry Wood in 2015[3]
In summary, those arguments include the following core points:
1. It is quite unusual that Richard More and Christian Hunter, having married in 1636, had no children until 1642 (for 6 years!), even though thereafter they had children at a regular and continuing pace.
2. The absence of Plymouth birth records (due to their loss) in those years (late 1630s) prior to George & Katherine's move to Salem is a very logical explanation of the missing paper trail for Katherine’s birth.
3. Richard and Christian faithfully named a child after each of her parents (Thomas, Susannah), after Richard’s legal father Samuel (oldest son), as well as after themselves (Richard, Christian). It would have been the most expected and consistent act to name their oldest daughter after the mother Katherine in England from whom the More children were wickedly torn away.
4. If Katherine was not the daughter of Richard and Christian, what are the other possibilities? After investigation of all other known More or Moore families present in Salem or environs in those years, including a family of Thomas Moore, none had a daughter Katherine, nor would have been a “fit” in time or place for Mrs. George Darling.
Children of George Darling and Katherine More:
1. John Darling (1658-1719) (named in Will of grandfather)
2. Daniel Darling (named in Will)
3. Hannah Darling (1659- ) (named in Will)
4. James Darling (1660-1724)
5. Joanna Darling (1662- )
6. Thomas Darling (1662-1716)
7. Daniel Darling (1664-1727)
8. George Darling (1666-1723)
9. Joseph Darling (1667-1690)
10. Margaret (Margrott) Darling (1668-1693) (named in Will)
11. Sarah Darling (named in Will)
12. Hannah Darling (1670-1724)
13. Benjamin Darling, b. 1673, Salem; md. Mary Richards, 29 Oct 1698, Lynn; d. 1709.
14. *REBECCA DARLING was born about 1668, of Salem, Massachusetts, to George Darling (1615-1693) and Katherine More (1637-1693.) She married (1) *Timothy Burbank, 3 July 1695, in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts. Timothy Burbank was probably drowned at sea in about 1706, at age 38 (Rebecca was about 33.) Rebecca married (2) Thomas Smith, about 1709, of Boston. Rebecca Darling died about 1712, age 39.
+
6.a. CAPTAIN RICHARD MORE (1614-1696) NE PILGRIM 1620
6.a.1. CHRISTIAN HUNTER (1615-1676) NE 1635
CAPTAIN RICHARD MORE was born 3 November 1614, Corvedale, Shropshire, England, to Samuel More (1594-1662) (Father was Jacob Blakeway) and Katherine More (1586-1623.) He as christened 13 November 1614, St. James, Shipton, Shropshire, England:
He married (1) *Christian Hunter, 20 October 1636, Plymouth, Massachusetts; bigamous marriage in England (2) Elizabeth Woolnought, md. 23 October 1645, England; (3) Jane Crumpton, md. before 23 May 1678.
Richard More died before 20 April 1696, Salem, Essex, Massachusetts, age 84.
Richard More (Mayflower passenger)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)
Richard More (1614 – c. 1694/1696) was born in Corvedale, Shropshire, England, and was baptised at St. James parish church in Shipton, Shropshire, on 13 November 1614.[1] Richard and his three siblings were at the centre of a mystery in early-17th-century England that caused early genealogists to wonder why the More children's father, believed to be Samuel More, would send his very young children away to the New World on the Mayflower in the care of others. It was in 1959 that the mystery was explained. Jasper More, a descendant of Samuel More, prompted by his genealogist friend, Sir Anthony Wagner, searched and found in his attic a 1622 document that detailed the legal disputes between Katherine More and Samuel More and what actually happened to the More children. It is clear from these events that Samuel did not believe the children to be his offspring.[2] To rid himself of the children, he arranged for them to be sent to the Colony of Virginia.[3] Due to bad weather, the Mayflower finally anchored in Cape Cod Harbor in November 1620, where one of the More children died soon after; another died in early December and yet another died later in the first winter. Only Richard survived, and even thrived, in the perilous environment of early colonial America, going on to lead a very full life.[4]
Richard became a well-known sea captain who helped to deliver to various colonies the supplies that were vital to their survival, travelled over Atlantic and West Indies trade routes and fought in various early naval sea battles. He and other Mayflower survivors were referred to in their time as "First Comers", who lived in the perilous times of what was called "The Ancient Beginnings" of the New World adventure.[5]
The More family[edit]
Much of what is known about Richard's early childhood is through legal documents, more specifically the aforementioned document written in 1622, in response to a petition of Richard More's mother Katherine More (sometimes spelled Katharine, hereafter spelled Katherine) to Lord Chief Justice Sir James Ley, at which time she demands to know what has become of her children.[2] Katherine's father, Jasper More, was master of Larden, a 1000-acre estate between Much Wenlock and Ludlow in Shropshire. Samuel's father, Richard More, was master of Linley, an estate near Bishop's Castle, close to the Welsh border.[2][6] Both estates are in Shropshire, England.
Jasper's sons died leaving no male heir.[7] The estates were held in an entail whereby inheritance was restricted to male heirs and Samuel's father, but Richard, in the marriage settlement, paid £600 to Jasper More, so there must have been clear title.[8] It was arranged that Katherine would marry her cousin and indeed, on 4 February 1610, (old date style) Katherine, 25, married her cousin, seventeen-year-old Samuel More.[9][10]
At some point, Samuel began working in London as secretary to Edward, Lord Zouche, privy councillor, diplomat and courtier.[11] Over the next four years, Katherine bore four children: Elinor, Jasper, Richard, Mary. All were baptised at St. James parish church in Shipton, Shropshire, with Samuel More as their father.[12]
The plan, court action, and removal of the children[edit]
In 1616, Samuel More accused his wife of adultery and, at the direction of his father, Richard, devised a plan to rid himself of Katherine and the children. The adultery was supposedly committed with Jacob Blakeway, a young man near in age to Katherine who lived close by and whose family had been More tenants for several generations. In 1608, Jacob Blakeway and his father Edward, a yeoman, had renewed a lease on a parcel of land owned by Katherine More's father, Jasper More of Larden Hall. The manor of Larden Hall was about half a mile from Brockton where the Blakeway family lived.[2] By a deed dated 20 April 1616, Samuel cut the entail on the Larden estate to prevent any of the children from inheriting. During the long court battle, Samuel would deny that he was the father of the children borne by his wife, Katherine, and stated them to be children of the adulterous relationship.[13] Katherine did not deny her relationship with Jacob Blakeway, stating there was a former betrothal contract with him, and therefore he was her true husband. This would have made her marriage to Samuel invalid. Samuel quotes her words in his declaration, "though she could not sufficiently prove by witnesses yet it was all one before god as she sayed". At that time any of the usual witnesses would likely have been dead.[14]
In that same year, by his own account, Samuel went to his employer and a More family friend, Lord Zouche, Lord President of the Council of Wales, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Privy Counselor, to draw up a plan for the disposition of the children.[15] Zouche had been a member of the Virginia Company and in 1617 he invested £100 in an expedition to the Colony of Virginia, which is where the Mayflower was supposed to have landed. It was his actions that were instrumental in putting the More children on the Mayflower.[16][17][18] At that time, children were routinely rounded up from the streets of London or taken from poor families receiving church relief to be used as labourers in the colonies. Any legal objections to the involuntary transportation of the children were over-ridden by the Privy Council, namely, Lord Zouche. Most people thought it a death sentence and, indeed, many did not survive either the voyage or the harsh climate, disease, and scarcity of fresh food for which they were ill-prepared.[19][20]
Additionally, in 1616, Samuel More, under his father Richard's direction, removed all four children from Larden and placed them in the care of some of his father's tenants near Linley.[2][21] The removal was shortly after the youngest child had been baptised, which was on 16 April. According to Samuel's statement,[22] the reason he sent the children away was "as the apparent likeness & resemblance … to Jacob Blakeway", quoting from: "A true declaracon of the disposing of the fower children of Katherine More sett downe by Samuell More her husband" together with the "reasons movinge him thereunto accasioned by a peticon" of hers to the Lord Chief Justice of England and it is endorsed, "Katherine Mores Petition to the Lord Chief Justice ...the disposing of her children to Virginia dated 1622".[23] Samuel goes on to state that, during the time the children were with the tenants, Katherine went there and engaged in a struggle to take her children back:[24] "Katharine went to the tenants dwelling where her children had been sequestered, and in a hail of murderous oaths, did teare the cloathes from their backes". There were at least twelve actions recorded between December 1619 and 8 July 1620, when it was finally dismissed.[25][26]
The statement details that, soon after the denial of the appeal on 8 July 1620, the children were transported from Shipton to London by a cousin of Samuel More and given into the care of Thomas Weston, "…and delivered to Philemon Powell who was intreated to deliver them to John Carver and Robert Cushman undertakers for the associats [sic] of John Peers [Pierce][21][27] for the plantacon [sic] of Virginia"[28] in whose home they would be staying while awaiting ship boarding.[29][30] Thomas Weston and Philemon Powell were both poor choices, and Thomas Weston especially was quite disreputable. Soon thereafter, Powell would become a convicted smuggler and Weston an enemy of the Crown.[31] As the agent of the Merchant Adventurer investment group that was funding the Puritan voyage, Bradford states that Weston caused them many financial and agreement contract problems, both before and after the Mayflower sailed. Weston's Puritan contacts for the voyage were John Carver and Robert Cushman who jointly agreed to find the children guardians among the Mayflower passengers. Carver and Cushman were agents from the Puritans to oversee preparations for the voyage[32] with Robert Cushman's title being Chief Agent, from 1617 until his death in 1625.[33] Within several weeks of the More children's arrival in London, and without their mother Katherine More's knowledge or approval, they were placed in the care of others on the Mayflower, bound for New England.[23]
After the Mayflower sailed, Katherine made another attempt to challenge the decision through the courts. It was this legal action in early 1622 before Chief Justice James Ley which led to the statement from Samuel explaining where he sent the children and why, the historical evidence for Richard More's early history.[34]
Samuel in the aftermath[edit]
Samuel More continued to act as secretary to Edward la Zouche and on 11 June 1625, he married Elizabeth Worsley, daughter of Richard Worsley, Esq. of Deeping Gate (in Maxey) in Northamptonshire and cousin to Lord Zouche's second wife,[35] although he was only separated not divorced from Katherine More and neither party was allowed to remarry during the lifetime of the other.[36] In February 1626, Samuel More obtained a royal pardon, possibly to protect himself against accusations of adultery. It is not known if Katherine was still alive at the time of his second marriage.[37]
Mayflower voyage[edit]
See also: Mayflower § Voyage
Richard More and his siblings departed Plymouth, England on the Mayflower 6 September 1620, dangerously late in the season. They endured a rough three months at sea in cramped and unsanitary conditions, eventually landing at Cape Cod Hook (Provincetown Harbor) on 11 November 1620. A number of colonists travelled as indentured servants on the Mayflower. Exactly what explanation was given for the More children's presence is not known, but many homeless waifs from the streets of London were sent to the New World as labourers.[38] The More children were assigned as servants and wards of three adult passengers, as follows:
• Elinor More, Ellen More, age 8, assigned as a servant of Edward Winslow. She died in November 1620 soon after the arrival of the Mayflower at Cape Cod Harbor. Her burial place is unknown and may have been ashore on Cape Cod similarly to her brother Jasper several weeks later. With many others who died that winter, her name appears on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb, Cole's Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts.[39]
• Jasper More, age 7, servant of John Carver. He died of a 'common infection' in Dec. 1620 while the Mayflower was in Cape Cod Harbor. He was buried ashore in what is now the Provincetown area. Provincetown has a memorial plaque with his name and that of four others 'who died at sea while the ship lay at Cape Cod Harbor' in Nov./Dec. 1620.[39]
• Mary More, age 4, assigned as a servant of William Brewster. She died sometime in the winter of 1620/1621. Her burial place is unknown, but may have been on Cole's Hill in Plymouth in an unmarked grave as with many others buried there that winter. She is mentioned on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb in Plymouth, misidentified after Ellen's name as "and a brother (children)" – the statement coming from William Bradford's failing memory years after the event of her death.
• Richard More, age 6, servant of William Brewster. He resided with the Brewster family until about mid-1627 when his term of indentureship expired.[40] This is about the time that his name appears, at age 14, in a census as a member of the Brewster family, in what was called then 'New Plimouth'. By 1628, Richard was in the employ of Pilgrim Isaac Allerton, who was engaged in trans-Atlantic trading.[41][42]
Richard's life in the New World[edit]
Richard was six years old when the Mayflower landed at Plymouth Colony. Immediately upon setting foot on land, he would have worked with all of the others to help gather supplies for food and shelter as well as to bury the dead after the epidemic, which would ultimately leave half of the original passengers dead.[43] In the spring of 1621, he would have attended what has now become known as the first Thanksgiving.[44] In 1627, at the age of 14, Richard is recorded as living at Plymouth Colony.[45]
Nothing is known of Richard during his years living with the Brewster family from 1620 to 1627, except that his name is on a document concerning the division of cattle and other livestock, and that he lived in Salem.[46] In 1635 he is listed as arriving from England on the Blessing, which had sailed from London to Massachusetts Bay. The purpose of this journey to London is unknown.[47] At some point, Richard went to work for Allerton as an apprentice. Under Allerton's apprenticeship, he fished in various locations around Plymouth and Maine, working as crew, and at some point he would become captain of the ships that supplied the new American colonies.[48] On 20 April 1636 Richard More married Christian Hunter who had been a passenger with him on the Blessing[49] They lived at Duxbury for a time before moving to Salem.[50] Richard worked as a retainer and a labourer for Richard Hollingsworth, another passenger from the Blessing who was Christian's guardian and step-father.[51]
By early 1642, Richard joined the Salem church. As a member, he would be allowed a voice and a vote in Salem affairs. Richard had his first two sons, Samuel and Thomas More, baptised.[52]
By about 1640s, and by the age of twenty-four, Richard would have been addressed as Captain of his own ketch and is known to have traded with the colonies, the West Indies, and England.[48] He had sold his twenty acres in Duxbury and moved himself and his family to Salem Neck.[53] He applied for a permit and set up his own fishing stand. Since drinking water was scarce, Richard dug a well on common ground for himself and others to use. He traded tobacco and other merchandise and supplies with Virginia and the West Indies, and made voyages to England.[54] In 1653, he served with his ship in an unsuccessful expedition against the Dutch settlement on the Hudson (later to become New York). In 1653, Captain More was paid for ye Dutch expedition.[55]
Beginning in 1654, for two consecutive years, he took part in two attacks by sea against the French, who were threatening New England's fishing and maritime trade in the lower Hudson River region. In 1654, Richard More served in a successful combined English and New England expedition against the French at Port Royal, the principal settlement of the French colony of Acadia, now Nova Scotia. Captain More was at Port Royal, Nova Scotia, when the French fort was reduced to English Obedience in 1654, and from thence a bell was later brought to Salem in Capt. Moor's Ketch. Thus Richard More contributed to the foundations of New England's maritime greatness.[56]
During this time, Richard received land at Plymouth as an "Ancient Freemen". The land was granted by the General Court and purchased from the Indians. He obtained lots near the Fall River and was one of the purchasers of lots in Swansea. In 1673, he sold land at Mattapoisett (he is referred to as) he of Massachusetts Colony on 1 March 1667/8; and formerly of Plymouth and now of Salem sold lots in Swansea and Sepecan on 30 August 1673.[56]
The Staple Act of 1663, which stated, among other things, that the shipping of European goods to the colonies except through England or Wales was forbidden, forced hard times upon both colonial ship captains and the colonists. The restrictions threatened the very survival of the colonists and, to survive, the captains had to be extremely creative in their shipping manifests.[57] The Navigation Acts, along with the continued taxation of the colonies into the next century, brought about the growth of isolationism, which eventually resulted in the American Revolution.[58]
In 1665, Richard rescued the colonists at the newly established colony at Cape Fear. The ship that was supposed to bring supplies failed to arrive and, consequently, the people were dying of starvation and the lack of adequate protection against the weather. It was an extremely hazardous area for ships but, upon learning of the situation, Richard brought a shipment of food and supplies to aid the desperate colonists.[59] When Richard's old sailing friend, Richard Starr, was murdered, he took on the responsibility of Starr's three children. In his fifty years as a mariner Richard had never lost a vessel, nor had any sailor brought charges against him.[60]
Capt. Richard More memorial near his grave in Salem, Massachusetts
Richard served alongside Joseph Dudley during the Great Swamp Fight in December 1675, a massacre of the Narragansett people living around Narragansett Bay.
Reverend Nicholas Noyes was a man whom Richard knew well and would become directly involved with in his later life. Noyes was the same man who would lead the campaign against the so-called witches of Salem.[61] In later life, Richard suffered from financial hardship. On 1 July 1688, he was brought before the Salem church elders for 'gross unchastity with another man's wife'.[62] The elders had spoken to him privately on several occasions as Richard represented a member of the Ancient Days and they wanted to maintain a special place in their history. He was publicly sanctioned and excommunicated from the church. Richard accepted the judgment and made a public repentance and, according to documents, was restored to the church in 1691. According to David Lindsay, historian and author, the pastor who punished him was Reverend Nicholas Noyes.[63][64]
Richard More is buried in Salem. There is documentary evidence that he was alive in 1694 and dead in 1696.[65] His gravestone gives an age of 84, but he deposed in 1684 that he was aged seaventy yeares or thereabouts indicating he was unsure of his birth date. The gravestone in the old Salem burial ground gives a date of 1692.[29]
Marriages[edit]
Richard More married three times:
• Christian Hunter on 20 October 1636 in Plymouth Colony. She was born ca. 1615 in possibly Southwold, co. Suffolk, England, and was baptised there on 13 August 1615 at (possibly) the parish church of The Church of St. Edmund, King and Martyr. She died on 18 March 1676 in Salem, Massachusetts. Her parents were Thomas Hunter (d.1623/7) and Susan Gentleman. She came to America in 1635 on the ship Blessing with her mother and step-father Richard Hollingsworth.[66]
• Elizabeth Woolnough on 23 October 1645 in St. Dunstan's church, Stepney parish, London. The record of that event notes that "Richard Moore of Salem, Mariner" married Elizabeth Woolnough of Limehouse district, London. The Stepney parish register states that Elizabeth was the daughter of Benjamin Woolnough, having been baptised in St. Dunstan's on 21 December 1623. Benjamin Woolnough was a trans-Atlantic ship captain, sailing to Virginia. The last time that Elizabeth's name appears on documents is on 7 April 1646, the day after Richard More failed to appear at the Kings Session for Peace, when she identified herself to the High Court of Admiralty as "Elizabeth, wife of Richard Moore of Stepney." Her appearance in court was to answer a charge against More, who had probably fled the country, for being intoxicated in the company of a woman of easy virtue as well as a child of about eight years, thought to have been his daughter Elizabeth. There is no evidence that Elizabeth Woolnough ever came to America. No further record.[67]
• Jane Hollingsworth Crumpton. Born c. 1631. Died 5/8 October 1686 in Salem, Massachusetts. Married before 23 May 1678 in Salem, Massachusetts. Daughter of Richard L. Hollingsworth, Sr. and Susan Gentleman Woodbury Hunter Hollingsworth. She was the widow of Samuel Crumpton, who was killed by Indians in 1675.[68]
Children[edit]
Richard More and Christian Hunter had seven children:
• Samuel More, baptised 6 March 1642 in Salem, Mass. Died after March 1677. Married Sarah ____.
• Thomas More, baptised 6 March 1642 in Salem, Mass. Died after 25 November 1692.
• Caleb More, baptised 31 March 1643/4 in Salem, Mass. Died 4 January 1678/9 in Salem, Mass.
• Richard More (jr.), baptised 2 January 1647/8 in Salem, Mass. Died 1 May 1696. Married Sarah ______. 6 children – 3 sons, 2 daughters and 1 unknown.
• Joshua More, baptised 3 March 1646 in Salem, Mass. Died between 1660–1675.
• Susanna More, baptised 12 May 1650 in Salem, Mass. Died after 30 October 1728 in Salem, Mass. Married (1) c.1675 Samuel Dutch, (2) c.1694 Richard Hutton (3) 1714 John Knowlton. She had 4 daughters with Samuel Dutch.[69]
• Christian More, baptised 5 September 1652 in Salem, Mass. Died 30 May 1680 in Salem, Mass. Married 31 Aug 1676 Joshua Conant. 1 son.
Richard More and Elizabeth Woolnough had one daughter:
• Elizabeth More, born ca. 1638 in probably London, about 7–8 years prior to her parents marriage in 1645. She was baptised at St. Dunstan's Church, Stepney parish, London on 2 March 1646, five months after her parents marriage in 1645. Nothing more is known about her other than a record of an "Elizabeth More", of about her age, appearing briefly in Salem about 1660, and marrying a local shipwright named Richard Clarke. They soon after moved to Long Island where they appeared at Southampton, Long Island in 1661, as husband and wife.[70]
Death and burial[edit]
The original gravestone of Mayflower passenger Captain Richard More.
Gravestone of Christian Hunter More, wife of Richard More, Salem MA.
According to the Mayflower Society records, he died in Salem after 19 March 1693/4, but before 20 April 1696.[69] There is documentary evidence that he was alive in 1694 and dead in 1696. His gravestone gives an age of 84, but it is more likely that Richard was unsure of his birth date. The gravestone in the old Salem burial ground gives a date of 1692. But the date, and additional words 'a Mayflower pilgrim', were added at some point between 1901 and 1919, and provoked some outraged reaction in the local press.[71]
Richard More is buried in what was known as the Charter Street Burial Ground but is now the Burying Point/Charter Street Cemetery in Salem, Massachusetts. He is the only Mayflower passenger to have his gravestone still where it was originally placed sometime in the mid-1690s. Also buried nearby in the same cemetery were his two wives, Christian Hunter More and Jane (Crumpton) More.[72]
If the 1696 date is correct, Richard More was the last surviving male passenger of the Mayflower, which would have left Mary Allerton, daughter of Pilgrim Isaac Allerton, as the last survivor altogether. She died 28 November 1699.[73]
Ancestry of Richard More
• Edward III, King of England married 1328 Philippa of Hainault
o Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence married 1342 Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster
o Philippa Plantagenet (of Clarence) 5th Countess of Ulster married c. 1338 Sir Edmund de Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March
o Elizabeth de Mortimer married 1379 Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy
o Elizabeth Percy married 1421/2 Sir John Clifford 7th Lord Clifford
o Thomas Clifford 8th Lord Clifford married 1424 Joan (Jane) Dacre
o Sir Edmund Sutton married Maud (Matilda) Clifford after 1460 Sir Edmund Sutton
o Dorothy Sutton married c. 1473 Richard Wrottesley, Esq.
o Jane (Joan) Wrottesley married c. 1500–10 Richard Cressett, Esq.
o Margaret Cressett married c. 1535 Thomas More, Esq.
o Jasper More, Esq. married 1572 Elizabeth Smale (Small)
o Katherine More married 1611 Samuel More Esq.
o Richard More
Richard More and his siblings are the only Mayflower passengers with proven, extensive and well-documented royal ancestry from ancient Britain.[74][75][76][77]
The More family in history[edit]
Mayflower plaque in St. James Church in Shipton, Shropshire commemorating the More children baptism. courtesy of Phil Revell
It was only in 1959 that Sir Jasper More discovered a trunk in his attic, which contained a document dated 1622 that gave, first, an explanation of an episode in the More family history, and secondly, explained a mystery that had long intrigued genealogists of Mayflower history. The document was a sworn submission by Samuel More to the Lord Chief Justice in which he explained his disposition of the four More children. Previously, those four children were assumed to have been orphans, plucked from the streets of London: "homeless waifs from the streets of London taken out to the New World to be used as labor".[17][78]
This document revealed the tragic family circumstances that caused Samuel More to take the children from their home at Larden Hall in Shipton, and send them away to America on the Mayflower without their mother's knowledge or consent.[79]
Richard's daughter, Susanna (More), first married Samuel Dutch in about 1675. It is only through their one surviving child (Susanna Dutch) that descendants of Richard More of the Mayflower can be traced to the present.[80]
Centuries later, while excavating just outside a place where the Plimouth barricades stood, a metal spoon was found with Richard's initials carved into it.[81]
Richard More descendants recognised by the Mayflower Society are estimated presently to be only about 100 members.[82]
WIKITREE:
Richard More, baptized at Shipton Parish, Shropshire, 13 November 1614, is said to be the son of Katherine More and Samuel More,[1][2] Esq., of More, Shropshire and London.[3] The following is his baptismal record from the Shipton, Shropshire Parish records:
13 November 1614: Richardus Moore filius Samueli Moore de Larden et uxoris eius bap.[4][5]
Richard's mother, Katherine, was the daughter and co-heiress of Jasper More, Esq. of Larden, Shropshire, and Elizabeth Smale.[3] She was baptized 23 November 1586.[4] She descended from Malcolm III and David I of Scotland and probably from Edward I of England and, at age 23, she was to become the heiress to Larden Hall.[1] Larden Hall, first known as "The Morehouse", was held by Katherine's family for many generations, being part of the manor of Shipton. The family expanded, acquiring lands in Laverden (Larden) and purchasing the Lordship of Larden in 1434, with Larden eventually becoming the family seat.[4]
Richard's father, Samuel More, was born about 1594, the son of Richard More of Linley,[6] Shropshire, not far from the Welsh border, in the parish of More. Richard More married Sarah Harris in Shrewsbury in 1592 and Samuel was their eldest son.[4]
Samuel's father, Richard, was set to inherit the More estate at Larden on Jasper's death, as none of Jasper More's three sons had survived him. A marriage was soon arranged between Jasper's daughter, Katherine, and Richard's son, Samuel. They were third cousins. Their marriage settlement dated 18 October 1610 outlined the terms of the Larden estate's transfer.[4] On Jasper More's death, his wife, Elizabeth was to have use of Larden for her life and, afterward, the property was to be held "to the use of Samuel and Katherine More and the heirs of their bodies, in default of them to the heirs of the body of Samuel More." Samuel and Katherine were married 4 February 1611,[4] she was aged about 25 and he was about 17.[7]
Katherine and Samuel More had four children, Jasper, Ellen, Richard and Mary, each of whom was baptized as a child of Samuel More in Shipton,[1] at the church of St. James, as follows: "Elinora Moore" on 24 May 1612, "Jasperus Moore" on 8 August 1613, "Richardus Moore" (above) and "Maria Moore" on 16 April 1616.[4] The family resided at Larden with Katherine's parents, Jasper and Elizabeth More. Jasper died in January 1614.[7]
Divorce and Aftermath
Katherine and Samuel's relationship was a tumultuous one that eventually led to divorce.[1] It is widely believed that Jacob Blakeway, "a base fellow", is the biological father of some or all of Katherine's children; and Samuel himself believed the children to be the product of Katherine's and Blakeway's affair.[6] Mayflower scholar Caleb Johnson writes:
"Katherine had a longstanding but secret extramarital affair with a neighbor by the name of Jacob Blakeway. At some point, husband Samuel More began to notice a resemblance between "his" children, and Jacob Blakeway whom he had come to suspect was with his wife. When he realized his four children were not actually "his", but were bastards, he and his wife engaged in a bitter divorce and Samuel ended up getting custody of the children he claimed were not his."[8]
In April 1616, after Samuel discovered his wife's adultery, he cut the entail on the Larden estate to prevent her children from inheriting and his father, Richard, did the same to protect the estates of Linley and Downton.[7] At that time, Samuel boarded the children with his father's tenants,[1][6] moving them from Larden to Lindley, and also consulted with Lord Edward Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche of Harringworth and member of the king's privy council, "about the problem posed by the children".[9] During that era, the husband had total control of his wife's children, "and in this case all were to be cast out for their mother's transgressions".[7]
Katherine filed for an annulment on the grounds of having a pre-contract with Jacob Blakeway, applying to the Chancellor of the Consistory Court of the Diocese of Hereford in June 1616. She lost her case. Charges were brought against Jacob for adultery and he was fined, yet the adultery continued. In March 1619, Samuel sued him for trespassing and breaking and entering and won £400 in damages. As Jacob was unable to pay the damages, "Blakeway to prevent execucion fledd" (he would have been jailed for failing to pay the damages). No further record of Jacob Blakeway is found after this.[7]
Samuel filed for a divorce on the grounds of adultery and Katherine fought against it.[7] The divorce was granted in 1619 and Katherine unsuccessfully appealed the sentence[6] to the High Court of Delegates, her appeal being dismissed on 8 July 1620. Their dispute ended with Katherine being barred from all "rights, titles, interests and demands" relating to Larden, and she renounced her claims to the estates on 24 June 1622. Nothing more is known of Katherine's life after she signed this document.[7]
A document spelling out the dispute between Samuel and Katherine, the July 1620 terms of the children's "delivery" to Carver and Cushman, and the reasons behind it can be seen in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol 114 (July 1960), pages 165-166.[6] The claims in this article are supported by court documents and other sources. It should be noted that this document, written on Samuel More's behalf, appears to have been drawn up after January 1622, as it is addressed to Sir James Ley, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, who had been appointed to that position on 29 January 1622.[7]
Samuel More remarried on 11 June 1625 to Elizabeth Worsley in Hampshire.[9] It is assumed that Katherine had died by that date[7] as, although they were divorced, neither was allowed to remarry until one had died. Samuel had seven children with his second wife and his son, another Richard More, inherited his father's estates at Lindley, Larden[6] and Downton, as he was their eldest son.[4] According to the Dictionary of National Biography, Samuel More is said to have later been a "commander on the side of the Parliament in the Civil War".[6]
Mayflower Voyage
On 8 July 1620, the date Katherine's divorce appeal was dismissed, Samuel and his father quickly dispensed with Katherine's children.[9] In order to spare Katherine's children from the "great blotts and blemishes [that] may fall upon them", Samuel put them in the care of Thomas Weston, Robert Cushman and John Carver, "honest and religious people", to be sent to the New World. Samuel gave the men payment for the children's travel, food, clothing and arranged for each to eventually receive 50 acres of land.[1][9] It is likely that Lord Zouche played a pivotal role in facilitating the childrens' removal to Virginia, as he had been a member of the Virginia Company and was one of the first members of the Council for New England.[9]
Katherine's children were taken to London by one of Samuel's father's servants and given to Philemon Powell with instruction to deliver them to John Carver and Robert Cushman, who would transport them to Virginia. Before the journey, the children were housed with Thomas Weston.[9] The 27 September 1684 deposition of Richard Moore "aged seaventy yeares or there-abouts", sworn saith "that being in London att the House of Mr. Thomas Weston Ironmonger in the year 1620 He was from thence transported to new Plymouth in New England..."[1][10]
Richard and his siblings were assigned to the care of three families: Jasper to John Carver, Ellen to Edward Winslow and Richard and Mary (who Bradford called one of Richard's brothers) to William Brewster.[1][4] At the time, Jasper was almost seven years old, Richard was almost six, Ellen was a little over eight and Mary was 4 years, 4 months of age.[9] The group traveled aboard the Mayflower, arriving in New England in 1620,[3] and first resided in Plymouth, Massachusetts.[1][2] Sadly, Richard was the only one of the More children to survive the first winter, and he is found still living with the Brewsters in the 1627 cattle division,[1] as the fourth person in the fifth company headed by William Brewster.[1]
Richard may have returned to England at some point after 1627, returning to New England in June or July of 1635,[2] as a "Richd. More" age 20 is found on a list of passengers departing from London for Boston aboard the ship Blessing. Also traveling aboard the Blessing was Christian Hunter, age 20, who was traveling as a member of Richard Hollingsworth's large family.[1] In depositions dated 1 April 1690 and again, later in 1690, Richard deposed naming "my ffather in Law Richard Hollingsworth Senr".[1]
Salem, Massachusetts
Shortly after his first marriage in 1636, Richard removed to Salem, Massachusetts.[2] He sold his house and land in Duxbury on 1 November 1637[2] and was granted land in Salem, where he settled.[1] Richard More became a seaman and ship captain, and made trips to England and the West Indies, Port Royal (in Nova Scotia), and Virginia.[1]
On 28 February 1642/3, Richard was made freeman, just one day after he joined the First Church at Salem.[1][2] His two sons were baptized there on 6 March.[1] The rest of his children would be baptized there as well, through his last child Christian, baptized in 1652.[1]
Richard was also a tavern keeper, as there is a record for "Capt. Richard More" obtaining a one year license in September 1674 to keep an ordinary, sell beer and cider, but not wine or liquors.[2]
Property
Richard More is recorded in many Salem deeds, buying and selling many properties between 1649 and 1690 (see GMB pages 1284-1285 and image 1 and image 2 attached to this profile).[2][11] Richard was listed as one of the Ancient Freemen of Plymouth who received grants of land in Sepecan (Rochester) and Falls River in 1660 and he purchased a Freeman's lot in Swansea. He sold the lots at Sepecan and Swansea on 30 August 1673, and had previously sold land at Mattapoisett on 1 March 1667/8.[1]
On 5 May 1675, Richard transferred his "dwelling house where I now live" in Salem to his sons Caleb and Richard and his daughters Susanna and Christian More.[1][2]
Marriages and Children
Richard married first to Christian Hunter at Plymouth, Massachusetts, on 20 October 1636.[1][2][3] Christian was the daughter of Thomas and Susan (Gentleman) Hunter. Her father died before 1627, and her mother remarried to Richard Hollingsworth. Christian traveled to New England with the Hollingsworth family aboard the Blessing in 1635.[12][13]
Richard and Christian More had five sons and two daughters. All were baptized in Salem, Massachusetts:[1][12]
-Samuel,[3] baptized 6 March 1642, living in 1650[/1], no further record.[1][2]
-Thomas,[3] baptized 6 March 1642, living in 1650[/1], no further record.[1][2]
-Caleb,[3] baptized 31 March 1644, died unmarried, aged 34, on 4 January 1678/9[1][10] at Salem.[2]
-Joshua,[3] baptized 3 May 1646, living in 1650[/1], no further record.[1][2]
-Richard,[3] baptized 2 January 1647/8,[1] married by 1673 to Sarah _____.[2]
-Susanna,[3] baptized 12 May 1650,[1] married first, by 1675, to Samuel Dutch; second, by 1696, to Richard Hutton (his 2nd wife); and third, in Wenham 11 April 1714, to John Knowlton.[2]
-Christian,[3] baptized 5 September 1652,[1] married in Salem, 31 August 1676, to Joshua Conant (his first wife).[2] Christian died 30 May 1680, aged 28.[10]
Christian died at Salem, Massachusetts on 18 March 1676, at the age of 60.[1][2][3][10]
Richard married second before 23 May 1678 to Jane (----) Crumpton, widow of Samuel Crumpton, who had died 18 September 1675[3] in King Philip's War,[1] killed at the Muddy Brook Bridge in the company of Thomas Lothrop.[2][12] They had no issue. Jane died, aged 55, at Salem, Massachusetts on 5 (or 8) October 1686,[3] aged 55.[1][10] For a time, Jane was thought to be a daughter of Richard Hollingsworth,[10] but that theory was later disproved.
Death
Richard More's date of death is not recorded.[1] He was living 19 March 1693/4,[2][3] when he witnessed his daughter Susannah's bond.[1] He died before 20 April 1696,[3] when he was mentioned in a deed as "lately deceased".[1][2] His headstone was originally inscribed "Here Lyeth Buried ye Body of Capt Richard More aged 84 Years" and later the phrase "died 1692 a Mayflower Pilgrim" was added in error.[1] The stone is located in the old Charter Street Cemetery in Salem. Richard is believed to be last male Mayflower passenger (besides Peregrine White, who was born onboard) to die, surviving all the others.[10]
Mayflower Families notes that there was no Essex County probate for Richard More.[1]
Research Notes
Disputed Relationships
Daughter, Elizabeth More, and wife Elizabeth (Woolnough) More, are not named in Mayflower Families, Magna Carta Ancestry or in Great Migration Begins and should either be detached or a reliable source attached.
Previously included in the above biography was the following information, with its likely source being Mayflower Bastard by David Lindsay (although no citation was attached):
"His daughter, born from a bigamous union in London with Elizabeth Woolnough, married 23 October 1645 was Elizabeth More, b. abt 1638. Her birth was about seven years prior to her parents marriage."
Anderson states that "A Richard More of Salem in New England married 23 October 1645 at St Dunstans, Stepney, Middlesex, at a time when Richard More of Salem was certainly married. Unless we are prepared to accept Richard More of Salem as a bigamist, there must have been, at least for a brief time, two Richard Mores in Salem."[2][11]
AmericanAncestors.org "Mayflower 2020" states: "In 2002 David Lindsay published Mayflower Bastard: A Stranger Among the Pilgrims (New York 2002), a biography of Richard More, which takes great liberties with the available evidence."[11][12] Also see Robert Charles Anderson's review of Lindsay's book in The American Genealogist, in which he states that the author "uses a style of argumentation much beloved of conspiracy theorists", and that "it is much closer to fiction than history and does not provide any new insights".[14]
Royal Descent
Richard's descent from Malcolm III of Scotland and Edward I of England are outlined in the April 1970 edition of the New England Historical and Genealogical Register.[15]
Unsourced Information
A source for the following information is needed:
This is about the time [1627] his name appears, at age 14, in a census as a member of the Brewster family in what was then called "New Plimouth." By 1628 he was in the employ of Pilgrim Isaac Allerton, who was engaged in trans-Atlantic trading.[citation needed]
In 1688, the Salem Church recorded: "Old Captain More having been for many years under suspicion and common fame of lasciviousness, and some degree at least of inconstancy ... but for want of proof we could go no further. He was at last left to himself so far as that he was convicted before justices of peace by three witnesses of gross unchastity with another man's wife and was censured by them.[citation needed]
[1635 Blessing] CHRISTIAN HUNTER was christened 13 August 1615, Southwold, Suffolk, England. Her parents were Thomas Hunter (1590-1627) and Susanna Gentleman (1593-1675.) Christian married Captain Richard More 20 October 1636, Duxbury, Plymouth, Massachusetts.
Christian Hunter died 18 March 1676, Salem, Essex, Massachusetts, age 61.
WIKITREE:
Christian Hunter was baptized 13 August 1615 and was aged 20 in the passenger list for the 1635 sailing from London of the ship Blessing. Her home was most likely Southwold in Suffolk County, England.
Please see a 4 page study on the ancestry of Christian Hunter from the Oct. 2003 issue of The American Genealogist titled "The English Origin of the Hunter and Hollingsworth Families of Salem, Massachusetts."
In addition to discussing the ancestry of Christian Hunter, the study notes the 1635 travel from London to Massachusetts of Christian, her 3 Hunter siblings, her mother Susan, step-father Richard Hollingsworth, and the four Hollingsworth children on the ship 'Blessing'. Coincidentally, Christian's future husband Richard More was also a passenger on the 'Blessing' returning from a trip to London. Richard More is known as the only person on the ship Mayflower with proven royal and noble British ancestry.
Death
At Salem: "More, Christian, 1st, w. Richard, Mar. 18, 1676, a. 60 y. " [1]
Children of Captain Richard More and Christian Hunter:
1. *KATHERINE MORE (1637-1703)
2. Samuel More (1642-1677)
3. Thomas Moore (1642-1692)
4. Caleb More (1644-1679)
5. Joshua Moore (1646-)
6. Richard More Jr . (1647-1696)
7. Susanna More (1650-1728)
8. Christian Moore (1652-1680)
+
6.a. SAMUEL MORE (1594-1662)
6.a.2. KATHERINE MORE (1586-1623)
SAMUEL MORE was christened 15 September 1594 of Coventry, Warwickshire, England, born in Shipton, Shropshire, England. His parents were Richard More (1570-1643) and Sarah Harris (1570-.) He married (1) *Katherine More about 1610 of Essex, England; (2) Elizabeth Worsely, 11 June 1625.
Samuel More died 7 May 1662, More, Shropshire, England, age 68.
WIKITREE:
Samuel More, Esq., son and heir of Richard More and Sara Harris, was born about 1594. He was admitted to Shrewsbury School in 1609. Douglas Richardson calls Samuel a "zealous Parliamentarian, active soldier, Governor of Ludlow, Hereford, Montgomery and Monmouth Castles, Bailiff of the Bouough of Bishops Castle, Shropshire, Member of Parliament for Bishops Castle".[1]
Samuel married Katherine More of Larden, daughter of Jasper More and Elizabeth Smale[1] on 4 February 1611,[2] she was aged about 25 and he was about 17.[3] They were third cousins.[4]
A marriage was arranged between Jasper More's daughter, Katherine, and Richard More's son, Samuel, his son and heir. This likely occurred because Samuel's father, Richard, was set to inherit the More estate at Larden on Jasper's death, as none of Jasper More's three sons had survived him.[2] Their marriage settlement dated 18 October 1610[1] outlined the terms of the Larden estate's transfer.[2] On Jasper More's death, his wife, Elizabeth was to have use of Larden for her life and, afterward, the property was to be held "to the use of Samuel and Katherine More and the heirs of their bodies, in default of them to the heirs of the body of Samuel More."[2]
Samuel and Katherine More had four children,[1] each of whom was baptized as a child of Samuel More in Shipton,[5] at the church of St. James:[2]
• Ellen[1] baptized "Elinora Moore" on 24 May 1612[2]
• Jasper[1] baptized "Jasperus Moore" on 8 August 1613[2]
• Richard[1] baptized "Richardus Moore" on 13 November 1614[2]
• Mary[1] baptized "Maria Moore" on 16 April 1616[2]
The family resided at Larden with Katherine's parents, Jasper and Elizabeth More. Jasper died in January 1614.[3]
Samuel and Katherine were divorced in 1619 and, in 1620, Samuel had Katherine's four children transported to New England aboard the Mayflower.[1]
Samuel discovered or believed that his wife had children with a different man, Jacob Blakeway. How to get rid of unwanted children? He had connections to the Right Honorable Edward Lord Zouche of St. Maur and Cantalupe, 11th Baron Zouche of Harringworth, a member of King James' Privy Council. Lord Zouche was a Puritan sympathizer, and involved with the London Virginia Company. He arranged with Thomas Weston to put the children in the care of influential members of the Separatist Colony. Samuel More paid £80, an adult passage, guaranteeing them a fair allotment of land, that they would not be seen as indentured servants (thus differing from the Virginia model). He also invested $20 in the overall venture, the profits to go to the most deserving of the children.
See more about the divorce and children on the profiles of his wife, Katherine More and son, Richard More.
Samuel married second to Elizabeth Worsley, daughter of Richard Worsley, Esq.[1] They had three sons and four daughters,[1] including:
• Richard, Esq. (2nd of name), born 1627[1]
• Thomas, M.D.[1]
• Robert[1]
• Anne, wife of John Turton, Knt.[1]
Samuel More died in May 1662 and was buried at More Shropshire.[1]
KATHERINE MORE was born 23 November 1586, Shipton, Shropshire, England, to Jasper More (1547-1614) and Elizabeth Smalley (1552-1627.) She married Samuel More 4 February 1611, Linley, Shropshire, England. (Her boyfriend, Jacob Blakeway, was the father to her four children.)
Katherine More had a sad life. She married a cousin she did not love. Her children were snatched from her and she could not get them back. Katherine passed away about 1623 of England, age 37.
WIKITREE:
Katherine More was the daughter and co-heiress of Jasper More, Esq. of Larden, Shropshire, and Elizabeth Smale, daughter of Nicholas Smale of London, clothmaker.[1] She was baptized 23 November 1586.[2]
Katherine descended from Malcolm III and David I of Scotland and probably from Edward I of England and, at age 23, she was to become the heiress to Larden Hall.[3] Larden Hall, first known as "The Morehouse", was held by Katherine's family for many generations, being part of the manor of Shipton. The family expanded, acquiring lands in Laverden (Larden) and purchasing the Lordship of Larden in 1434, with Larden eventually becoming the family seat.[2]
Marriage and Children
Katherine married Samuel More, Esq., of Linley, Shropshire,[1] on 4 February 1611,[2] she was aged about 25 and he was about 17.[4] They were third cousins.[5]
A marriage was arranged between Jasper More's daughter, Katherine, and Richard More's son, Samuel, his son and heir. This likely occurred because Samuel's father, Richard, was set to inherit the More estate at Larden on Jasper's death, as none of Jasper More's three sons had survived him.[2] Their marriage settlement dated 18 October 1610[1] outlined the terms of the Larden estate's transfer.[2] On Jasper More's death, his wife, Elizabeth was to have use of Larden for her life and, afterward, the property was to be held "to the use of Samuel and Katherine More and the heirs of their bodies, in default of them to the heirs of the body of Samuel More."[2]
Samuel and Katherine More had four children,[1] each of whom was baptized as a child of Samuel More in Shipton,[3] at the church of St. James:[2]
• Jasper[1] baptized "Jasperus Moore" on 8 August 1613[2]
• Ellen[1] baptized "Elinora Moore" on 24 May 1612[2]
• Richard[1][3][6] baptized "Richardus Moore" on 13 November 1614[2]
• Mary[1] baptized "Maria Moore" on 16 April 1616[2]
The family resided at Larden with Katherine's parents, Jasper and Elizabeth More. Jasper died in January 1614.[4]
Divorce
Katherine and Samuel's relationship was a tumultuous one that eventually led to divorce.[3] It is widely believed that Jacob Blakeway, "a base fellow" is the biological father of Katherine's children; and Samuel himself believed the children to be the product of Katherine's and Blakeway's affair.[7] Mayflower scholar Caleb Johnson writes:
"Katherine had a longstanding but secret extramarital affair with a neighbor by the name of Jacob Blakeway. At some point, husband Samuel More began to notice a resemblance between "his" children, and Jacob Blakeway whom he had come to suspect was with his wife. When he realized his four children were not actually "his", but were bastards, he and his wife engaged in a bitter divorce and Samuel ended up getting custody of the children he claimed were not his."[8]
In April 1616, after Samuel discovered his wife's adultery, he cut the entail on the Larden estate to prevent her children from inheriting and his father, Richard, did the same to protect the estates of Linley and Downton.[4] At that time, Samuel boarded the children with his father's tenants[3][7] moving them from Larden to Lindley and also consulted with Lord Edward Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche of Harringworth and member of the king's privy council, "about the problem posed by the children".[9] During that era, the husband had total control of his wife's children, "and in this case all were to be cast out for their mother's transgressions".[4]
Katherine filed for an annulment on the grounds of having a pre-contract with Jacob Blakeway,[1] applying to the Chancellor of the Consistory Court of the Diocese of Hereford in June 1616. She lost her case. Charges were brought against Jacob for adultery and he was fined, yet the adultery continued. In March 1619, Samuel sued him for trespassing and breaking and entering and won £400 in damages. As Jacob was unable to pay the damages, "Blakeway to prevent execucion fledd" (he would have been jailed for failing to pay the damages). No further record of Jacob Blakeway is found after this.[4]
Samuel filed for a divorce on the grounds of adultery and Katherine fought against it.[4] The divorce was granted in 1619[1] and Katherine unsuccessfully appealed the sentence[7] to the High Court of Delegates, her appeal being dismissed on 8 July 1620. Their dispute ended with Katherine being barred from all "rights, titles, interests and demands" relating to Larden, and she renounced her claims to the estates on 24 June 1622.[4]
A document spelling out the dispute between Samuel and Katherine, the July 1620 terms of the children's "delivery" to Carver and Cushman, and the reasons behind it can be seen in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol 114 (July 1960), pages 165-166.[7] The claims in this article are supported by court documents and other sources. It should be noted that this document, written on Samuel More's behalf, appears to have been drawn up after January 1622, as it is addressed to Sir James Ley, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, who had been appointed to that position on 29 January 1622.[4]
Death
Nothing more is known of Katherine's life after she signed the renunciation of her claim to the Larden estates on 24 June 1622.[4]
Samuel More remarried on 11 June 1625 to Elizabeth Worsley in Hampshire.[9] It is assumed that Katherine had died by that date[4] as, although they were divorced, neither was allowed to remarry until one had died.
FOR INFORMATION JACOB BLAKEWAY:
WIKITREE:
Jacob Blakeway had a long term affair with Catherine wife of Samuel More. Catherine's children's baptisms were recorded at Shipton, Shropshire, as children of Samuel More, but the children were by her illicit relationship with Blakeway.[1]
1. Ellinor bp. 24 May 1612
2. Jasper bp 8 Aug 1613
3. Richard bp 13 Nov 1614
4. Mary bp 16 April 1616
From Alton Rogers May 25 2015: Please see the Wikipedia article, to which I contributed, for the known details of Jacob Blakeway’s life.
An excerpt: In early 1619 Samuel More charged Jacob Blakeway with various crimes and a jury found against him with a large fine. In view of that, Blakeway may have run away, because Samuel More commented that he "to prevent execcon fled." After this action there was no word about Blakeway after 1622, although from some of Samuel More's later writing, he and Katherine More may still have been in contact.
Children of Samuel More (Jacob Blakeway) and Katherine More:
1. Elinor More (1612-1621)
2. Jasper More (1613-1620)
3. *CAPTAIN RICHARD MORE (1614-1696)
4. Mary Maria Moore (1616-1621)
+
6.a. RICHARD MORE (1570-1643)
6.a.3. SARAH HARRIS (1570-)
RICHARD MORE was born 14 August 1570, Linley, Shropshire, England, to Sir Robert More (1530-1603) and Lucy Kemsey (1550-1607.) He married Sarah Harris about 1589 of Shropshire, England.
Richard More died 6 November 1643, Shropshire, England, age 73.
SARAH HARRIS was born 5 August 1570 at Saint Julian, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, to Richard Harris (1530-1598) and Anne Geno (1530-.) She married Richard More about 1589, of Shropshire, England.
Sarah Harris died in England at unknown date.
Children of Richard More and Sarah Harris:
1. Richard Moore (1589-)
2. Susanna More (1591-1662)
3. Eliza Moore (1592-)
4. Anne More (1593-)
5. *SAMUEL MORE (1594-1662)
6. Grace More (1599-)
7. Thomas Moore (1601-)
8. Robert Moore (1604-)
9. James Moore (1606-)
10. Susanna Moore (1610-1626)
11. Nathaniel Moore (1612-1613)
12. Simon More (1613-)
13. Robert More (1614-)
+
6.a. SIR KNIGHT ROBERT MORE (1530-1603)
6.a.4. LUCY KEMSEY (1550-1607)
SIR KNIGHT ROBERT MORE was born about 1530 of Shropshire, England, to John Thomas Moore I (1509-1547) and Lady Ann Cresacre (1511-1577.) He married (1) Susanna Davenport 1564; (2) *Lucy Kemsey 1569, Shropshire, England.
Robert More died 20 March 1603, More, Shropshire, England, age 73.
LUCY KEMSEY was born about 1550 of More, Shropshire, England, to Simon Kemsey (1530-) and Katherine Jennings (1535-.) She married Robert More about 1569 of Shropshire, England.
Lucy Kemsey passed away in January 1607, More, Shropshire, England, age 57.
Ancestry:
When Lucy Kemsey was born in 1550, her father, Simon, was 20, and her mother, Katherine, was 20. She had two sons with Sir Knight Robert More between 1570 and 1571. She died on December 1, 1607, in More, Shropshire, England, at the age of 57.
Children of Robert More and Lucy Kemsey:
1. *RICHARD MORE (1570-1643)
2. Thomas More (1572-)
+
6.a. JOHN THOMAS MOORE I (1509-1547)
6.a.5. LADY ANN CRESACRE (1511-1577)
JOHN THOMAS MOORE I was born about 1509 of Chelsea, Middlesex, England, to Saint Thomas More (1478-1535) and Joan Colt (1480-1511.) He married Lady Ann Cresacre about 1529 of Fenystanton, Huntingdonshire, England.
John Thomas Moore died about 1457 of Lympston, Devonshire, England, age 46.
Wikitree:
John More (called John More II to distinguish him from his grandfather, Sir John More) was the only son of Sir/St. Thomas More (1478-1535), one-time Chancellor to King Henry VIII. John More II married Anne Cresacre (a Ward of Sir Thomas More) in December 1529. They had eight children. Their eldest son and heir was Thomas More II (so numbered to distinguish him from his grandfather), 1531-1606.
Sir Thomas More 1477 decendants
John was born at the „Old Barge‟ in Bucklersbury, London, in 1509. He married Anne Cresacre in December 1529. Anne was the only child of Edward Cresacre of Barnborough, Yorkshire, and his wife Jane, daughter of Sir Richard Basset of Fledborough, Nottinghamshire. Anne was born at Barnborough between 2nd December 1511 and 21st April 1512. When her father died in 1512, age twenty-seven, Anne, his sole heiress, became a Ward of the Crown, a wardship which was eventually bought by Sir Thomas More c.1523.
John More died in 1547, and Anne devoted herself to brining up her young children at Barnborough. On 13 June 1559 she married George West of Aughton and Aston, near Rotherham, Yorkshire. George was the son of John West of Aughton, and Anne, daughter of Ralph Eyre of Offerton-in-the-Peak, Derbyshire. Anne was George‟s second husband. His first wife (by whom he had two children, John and Elizabeth) was Jayne Trygot of Kirkby, Yorkshire. After their marriage George and Anne lived at Barnburgh Hall. They did not have any children. George West was buried at St. Peter‟s Church, Barnborough on 12th June 1572. Anne was buried in the church on 2 December 1577.
LADY ANN CRESACRE was born 3 March 1511, Barnbrough, West Riding, Yorkshire, England, to Edward Cresacre (1485-1512) and Jane Basset (1488-1512.) She married John Thomas Moore about 1529 of Fenystanton, Huntingdonshire, England.
Ann Cresacre passed away 2 December 1577, Chelsea, London, England, age 66.
Ann Cresacre lost her father when she was an infant, and was seized by a member of the country gentry and married to his bastard son before either child was six years old. In 1524 the young girl "was old enough to resolve that 'she would rather never have husband than to have John Rokeby,'" the boy to whom she had been wed. She was thereupon kidnapped by a rival family and forced to marry a young man who, in effect, raped her. Wolsey, furious at this outrage, took Ann away from this household and conferred her and her wardship on Thomas More - who married her to his son John in 1529.
Thomas More - a biography - Richard Marius p. 202
ANNE CRESACRE
ANNE CRESACRE (1511-December 2, 1577) Anne Cresacre was the only child of Edward Cresacre of Barnborough, Yorkshire (1485-1512) and Jane Bassett. She was the ward of Sir Thomas More and brought up with his children, one of whom, John (1510-1547), she married in 1529. Their children included Thomas (August 8, 1531-August 19, 1606), Augustine (b. August 5, 1533; d.yng), Edward (1535-May 1620), Jerome (d.1537), another Thomas (June 2, 1538-before 1606), Bartholomew (d.yng), Anne (b.1542), and Francis (d.yng). After John More’s death, Anne married George West of Aughton (1511-June1572). Her daughter later married his son, John West. Portraits: Holbein sketch; included in More family portraits.
• Anne Cresacre was the daughter of a rich Yorkshire landowner, Edward Cresacre. He died when she was only one year old and Anne inherited all his estates.
In 1529 Anne married John, the only son of Thomas More. Before John's death in 1547 they had three sons and one daughter. Anne died in 1577 when she was sixty-six.
Anne was the only child of Edward Cresacre of Barnborough, Yorkshire, and his wife Jane, daughter of
Sir Richard Basset of Fledborough, Nottinghamshire. Anne was born at Barnborough between 2nd
December 1511 and 21st April 1512. When her father died in 1512, age twenty-seven, Anne, his sole heiress,
became a Ward of the Crown, a wardship which was eventually bought by Sir Thomas More c.1523.
Ann Cresacre lost her father when she was an infant, and was seized by a member of the country gentry and married to his bastard son before either child was six years old. In 1524 the young girl "was old enough to resolve that 'she would rather never have husband than to have John Rokeby,'" the boy to whom she had been wed. She was thereupon kidnapped by a rival family and forced to marry a young man who, in effect, raped her. Wolsey, furious at this outrage, took Ann away from this household and conferred her and her wardship on Thomas More - who married her to his son John in 1529.
Thomas More - a biography - Richard Marius p. 202
•
Ann's life
Posted 17 Sep 2013 by annettegracespear
The More Family
Annie Cresacre, the last of that name, married in 1528 at the age of 18 years, John More, son of the famous Sir Thomas More who was for some time Chancellor during the reign of Henry the Eighth whom he served faithfully and by whom he was executed... oops!
Through this marriage Barnburgh Hall and Estate passed into the possession of the More family who held it for the next three centuries during most of which time they were in residence there.
John More died in 1547 and his widow Anne re-married, 12 years later, a George West of Aughton near Rotherham, whose family was mixed up in the tragic feud with the D'Arcy's of Aston. An interesting feature is that shortly after she married George West, her daughter Annie married the son and heir of George West, thus mother and daughter married father and son. After thirteen years of married life with her second husband, the Cresacre heiress again became widowed, her husband dying on June 12th, 1572.
A brass to the memory of this Annie Cresacre is to be found on the wall of the Cresacre Chapel in Barnburgh Church and seems to hold some mystery. When first made this brass would probably hang in the Hall as it is not of the ecclesiastical style one usually meets with in churches. The inscription is in Latin and one or more words have disappeared, the brass having been cut away. Why?
A translation is :
" Anna the only daughter and heiress of Edward Cresacre of Baronburgh near Doncaster in the County of Yorkshire, Esquire, was married to John More, only (son and heir) of Thomas More Knight, formerly Chancellor of England, which Anna departed this life December 2nd 1577 age 67."
The More family were ardent Catholics and during the reign of Elizabeth the First, at least one of them was imprisoned as a recusant.
Anna Cresacre became an orphan when she was only two years old, and she was taken as a "ward in court" to Sir Thomas More at his Chelsea home, where she was married to John More (II). It was a profitable match for him as Anna was an heiress." Children were:
i. Thomas MORE II.
ii. Augustine More was born in 1533.26
iii. Edward More was born in 1535.26
iv. Thomas More was born in 1538.26
v. Bartholomew More was born in 1541.26
vi. Anne More was born in 1541.26
vii. Frances More was born in 1546.26
________________________________________
The History of Barnburgh Hall
This fine old house has a commanding position and overlooks a terraced lawn (probably the original Elizabethan bowling green) and in the distance is a large pond. John More was a catholic and therefore used the pond for breeding fish. This was common practice among catholic families on large country estates in mediaeval times. It was safer for such families to provide for themselves rather than request items out of the estate boundary, for many catholic families found themselves in torment of persecution if their faith was too publicly known.
The principal façade and entrance to Barnburgh hall faces east. a long, narrow passage originally lead from the front to the back of the house and into the courtyard. This now terminates in the staircase hall where a massive Elizabethan studded door still serves its purpose. The principal reception rooms were on either side of this long centre passage. Each entrance to these rooms has been blocked and they now serve as cupboards. The stone, arched doorways are still visible
During the 18th century, the interior was considerably altered. Originally the walls were covered with dark oak panelling and each room was heated by large herringbone brick and stone fireplaces. the oak panels were replaced by 18th century white pine panelling. its appearance is most classical and consists of large, square rusticated panels divided by full-length fluted Doric pilasters. Behind this woodwork is the original walling and massive arched fireplaces. Such elegant rooms consisted of drawing room, dining room and first-floor bed and dressing rooms. The beautiful oak staircase is another addition of the 18th century. During the many alterations of this period, a number of secret passages and rooms were revealed. a priest ‘hide’, used during the time of Elizabeth 1st and James 1st for hiding roman catholic priests, existed in a bedroom. It has also been opened, although a small slit in the outside wall, used for ventilation, is visible from both inside and outside the house, along with odd tracery. In Victorian days, the house was again subject to alteration. The mullioned windows were removed, apart from those in the two gables. The stone windows were replaced by similar-style wooden windows. Only two houses around Doncaster can boast of having participated in the hiding of catholic priests and they are Barnburgh and Burghwallis halls. Both are Elizabethan in origin and housed catholic families. Now we are to lose the principal object of all village groups – the manor. our great country houses form the backbone of Britain’s history and South Yorkshire has always been regarded as the richest country houses county in Britain. But for how long?
Residents of Barnburgh HallSince King William granted the lands at Barnburgh to Roger de Busli and the Warrens, the owners have been many and varied. It is difficult, however, to trace the occupants of the Hall in its earliest days. Soon after the Norman Conquest the greater part of the Parish was held by the Newmarche family who had a mansion at Bentley and had possessions in Sprotburgh and Cusworth.
Later, possession went to a branch of the Fitzwilliam family, as we learn from a number of deeds still in existence.
Next we find the ownership had passed to a John d'Eyville and from this family it appears to have gone to the Cresacres. That was nearly seven hundred years ago and from then until about 130 years ago it was held first by the Cresacres and then by the Mores to whom it went through the marriage of the last of the Cresacres to John More, son of the famous Chancellor during the days of Henry VIII. The first written evidence of the Cresacres occupying the Manor of Barnburgh is to be found in the Harlean manuscripts in which a document is preserved which gives a John Cresacre as Lord of Barnburgh in 1281.
From that time, the Cresacres can be traced without interruption, and in the reign of Henry the Sixth, we find Percival Cresacre as Lord. He married Alice, daughter of Thomas Mounteney, a family who were for a long period wealthy lords of a great part of Derbyshire. It is this Percival Cresacre around whom the most romance is cast and he it is who is named in connection with the famous "Cat and Man " Legend.
The last Cresacre of the male line was Edward who was born in 1485 and came into possession of the estate at the age of 16 in 1501 on the death of his father, John, who died on February 3rd of that year. At that time the estate was worth £100 per annum, which in those days was a considerable sum. In addition to his Barnburgh property he held lands in Harlington, Bilham, Hellaby near Maltby, Brampton in Worthing, Thorpe in Balne, Bolton-on-Dearne, Burgh-wallis, Moseley and Bramwith.
Edward Cresacre married Jane, the daughter of Sir Richard Bassett, of Fletborough, Notts, and they had a daughter Annie who was born in 1510, becoming heiress to the estate in 1512 at the age of two years.
The More family continued in possession of the Barnburgh property until circa 1820-1822 and the last to reside at the Hall was Thomas Peter More.
In 1820 Thomas Peter More was recorded as Lord of the Manor but was residing in Warwick, and there is a document which gives a Harriott Gyforth as occupant of the Hall in that year.
I think however that this is intended to mean Henrietta Griffith who we know was residing there in 1815. She continued to occupy the Hall until 1835 and was a great benefactress of the Church and Parish
Mrs. Griffith was followed by the Hartop family who were in possession until 1911.
The records on the Hartop family vault, which may be found on the South side of the Churchyard near the Porch, show that Ann Hartop, daughter of Henry Hartop, was buried there in 1851. This Henry was buried there in 1865, and his son John, who lived to the age of 86, was interred in the vault in 1902. John's wife, Mary, was laid to rest in 1911 and was the last of the Hartops of Barnburgh Hall.
Since then the Hall has changed hands several times, the first being the Dundas's. The present occupant is G. C. Payne, Esq.
J Stanley Large 1952
The End of the Hall Sadly the Hall was demolished by the British Coal Board in 1969. I have been told by a reliable source that the Coal Board demolished the Hall on the belief that it was subject to mining substance.. apparently this was a common excuse they used when they didn't want to maintain their buildings,,, did you work at the hall at the time of the Coal Board? Did you see signs of subsidence? Or do you know another story as to why they demolished an important residence?
The Dovecote abandoned by the Coal Board and now after land was a residential estate
ancestry ann cresacre adopted by sir thomas more
Anne Cresacre West
BIRTH 1510
DEATH 2 Dec 1577 (aged 66–67)
BURIAL St. Peter's Churchyard
Barnburgh, Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England
PLOT North Aisle
BIRTH 1510
DEATH 2 Dec 1577 (aged 66–67)
Family Members
Parents
•
Edward Cresacre 1485-1512
Spouses
•
John More unknown-1547
•
George West unknown-1572
Children
•
Edward More 1535-1620
Thomas More 1538-1606
________________________________________
Inscription
Anna filia unica et heres Edwardi Cresacre de Baronburgh prope Doncastrum in com Ebor armigeri nupta Johanni More unic[a filio e]t heredi Thome More militis quondam dn'i cancellarii Anglie quae Anna ex ha vita decessit secundo die Decembris anno aetatis suae LXVII anno domini MCCCCCLXXVIJ.
Gravesite Details Plate with inscription.
Wikitree:
Ann was born at Barnborough between 2nd December 1511 and 21st April 1512. Ann was the only child of Edward Cresacre of Barnborough, Yorkshire, and his wife Jane Basset, daughter of Sir Richard Basset of Fledborough, Nottinghamshire.
When her father died in 1512, age twenty-seven, Ann, his sole heiress, at age 1. became a Ward of the Crown, a wardship which was eventually transferred/bought by Sir Thomas More c.1523. She was one of a small group of wards, that Thomas and his wife, brought into their large household, with the emphasis on learning and enriching others. To achieve his goals he had tutors in the household. By the time she became his ward both, Sir Thomas More and his father John More had been knighted.
Just prior to her 1529 marriage to son John, Sir Thomas More was elevated to the highest position in Henry's court, Lord Chancellor of England.[1] Ann appears in a family portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger.
Ann's two Grandmothers were a Hastings and a Dunham. Although she was an orphan ward of the Crown she had a significant pedigree. The Hastings grandmother was direct descendant from almost all listed MC Sureties as well as the Plantagenet royalty, Wessex and Dunkeld Kings. Similarly the maternal Dunham pedigree through Stafford and Zouche included House of Dunbar, House of Neville, House of Plantagenet, families of Bruce, Warenne, Percy, Beauchamp, Audley, all old families with rich nobility. The Reformation and the tyranical actions of King Henry shattered this family.
*:Magna Carta Pedigree
Ann Cresacre thru her Hasting grandmother is a direct descendant of 16 of the 17 Magna Carta surety currently listed on the Relationship Finder Quick Links
Cresacre-1 is a descendant of Illustrious Men; William Longespée , William Marshal, John Marshal, William Warenne, Piers FitzHerbert, William Aubigny
Children and Spouse Details
from Martin Wood, April 2008 "The Family and Descendants of St. Thomas More"[2]
John Moore was born at the "Old Barge‟ in Bucklersbury, London, in 1509. Ann Cresacre married John More in December 1529.
John More and Anne had eight children:
1. Thomas More II (1531-1606): Eldest son and heir.
2. Augustine More: Born at Chelsea on Tuesday 5th August 1533. Recorded as having died while young.
3. Edward More: Born at Chelsea on Saturday 13th August 1535. Edward may have married, and had a daughter Anne. However, there is no record of his marriage or the baptism of any children in the parish register of Barnborough, Yorkshire, where he lived most of his adult life. Edward conformed to the Church of England in later life. He was buried at St. Peter's Church, Barnborough on 2nd May 1620.
4. Gerome More: Named as fourth son in the family's "Book of Hours‟ where only his death (with no date) is recorded. Probably born stillborn or died soon after his birth in 1537.
5. Thomas More III: Born on Tuesday 2nd July 1538. Usually known as Thomas More the younger. Became a Minister (Priest) in the Church of England, but no record of his ordination or place of ministry survives. It is known from his older brother‟s will (1606) that he married and had three children: Cyprian, Thomas and Constantine, and that he died before 1606. However, family researchers have never discovered the name of his wife, the birth years of his children or any other details of the family. His uncle, Cresacre More, writing c.1616-1620 said that he was very poor and that he had brought his children up in no commendable profession. There is claim made on modern internet genealogy sites that Thomas married a Martha Brooks/Brooke, daughter of Sir Robert Brooke of Madeley, Shropshire. This is inaccurate in it's details and is a fiction.
6. Bartholomew More: Born on Tuesday 10th February 1540. Said to have conformed to the Church of England, to have been unmarried, and to have died young of the plague.
7. Anne More: Born on Tuesday 12th April 1541. Married John West, son of George West of Aughton and Aston, Yorkshire, at St. Peter‟s, Barnborough, on 6th September 1559.
8. Francis More: Born 29th December 1546. Recorded as having died when still a child.
John More died in 1547, and Anne devoted herself to bringing up her young children at Barnborough.
On 13 June 1559 she married George West of Aughton and Aston, near Rotherham, Yorkshire. [3] George was the son of John West of Aughton, and Anne, daughter of Ralph Eyre of Offerton-in-the-Peak, Derbyshire. Anne was George's second wife. His first wife (by whom he had two children, John and Elizabeth) was Jayne Trygot of Kirkby, Yorkshire. After their marriage George and Anne lived at Barnburgh Hall. They did not have any children.
George West was buried at St. Peter‟s Church, Barnborough on 12th June 1572.
Anne was buried in the church on 2 December 1577.
Children of John Thomas Moore and Lady Ann Cresacre:
1. Robert More (1530-1603)
2. Thomas Cresacre More
+
6.a. SAINT SIR THOMAS MORE (SAINT IN CATHOLIC CHURCH) (1478-1535)
(Beheaded for Religious Treason)
6.a.6. JOAN COLT (1480-1511)
SAINT THOMAS MORE (SAINT IN CATHOLIC CHURCH) was born 7 February 1478, London, England, to Sir John More (1451-1530) and Agns Graunger (1455-1499. He married Joan Colt in January 1505, Roydon, Essex, England.
Thomas More was beheaded for Church Treason, 6 July 1535, Tower Hamlets, London, England, age 57. Buried at Church of St. Peter ad Vincula, London, England, 8 July 1535.
St. Peter ad Vincula, London, England
Thomas More
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Right Honourable
Sir Thomas More
Sir Thomas More (1527) by Hans Holbein the Younger
Lord Chancellor
In office
October 1529 – May 1532
Monarch Henry VIII
Preceded by Thomas Wolsey
Succeeded by Thomas Audley
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
In office
31 December 1525 – 3 November 1529
Monarch Henry VIII
Preceded by Richard Wingfield
Succeeded by William FitzWilliam
Speaker of the House of Commons
In office
15 April 1523 – 13 August 1523
Monarch Henry VIII
Preceded by Thomas Nevill
Succeeded by Thomas Audley
Personal details
Born 7 February 1478
London, England
Died 6 July 1535 (aged 57)
London, England
Spouse(s) • Jane Colt
(m. 1505; died 1511)
• Alice Middleton (m. 1511)
Children Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely, and John
Parents Sir John More
Agnes Graunger
Signature
________________________________________Philosophy career
Notable work Utopia (1516)
Responsio ad Lutherum (1523)
A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation (1553)
Era Renaissance philosophy
16th-century philosophy
Region Western philosophy
School
Christian humanism[1]
Renaissance humanism
Main interests Social philosophy
Criticism of Protestantism
Notable ideas Utopia
Influences[show]
Influenced[show]
Saint Thomas More
Portrait of Saint Thomas More, executed on Tower Hill (London) in 1535, apparently based on the Holbein portrait.
Martyr
Venerated in Catholic Church
Anglican Communion
Beatified
29 December 1886, Florence, Kingdom of Italy, by Pope Leo XIII
Canonized
19 May 1935, Vatican City, by Pope Pius XI
Major shrine
Church of St Peter ad Vincula, London, England
Feast
22 June (Catholic Church)
6 July (Church of England)
9 July (Catholic Extraordinary Form)
Attributes
dressed in the robe of the Chancellor and wearing the Collar of Esses; axe
Patronage
Adopted children; civil servants; court clerks; difficult marriages; large families; lawyers, politicians, and statesmen; stepparents; widowers; Ateneo de Manila Law School; Diocese of Arlington; Diocese of Pensacola-Tallahassee; Kerala Catholic Youth Movement; University of Malta; University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Arts and Letters
Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More,[7][8] was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a Chancellor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May 1532.[9] He wrote Utopia, published in 1516[10], about the political system of an imaginary, ideal island nation.
More opposed the Protestant Reformation, directing polemics against the theology of Martin Luther, John Calvin and William Tyndale. More also opposed King Henry VIII's separation from the Catholic Church, refusing to acknowledge Henry as Supreme Head of the Church of England and the annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. After refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy, he was convicted of treason and executed. On his execution, he was reported to have said: "I die the King's good servant, and God's first".
Pope Pius XI canonized More in 1935 as a martyr. Pope John Paul II in 2000 declared him the patron saint "of Statesmen and Politicians".[11] Since 1980, the Church of England has remembered More liturgically as a Reformation martyr.[12] Praised by Marx and Engels, the Soviet Union in the early twentieth century honored him for the purportedly communist attitude toward property rights expressed in Utopia.[13][14][15]
Contents
• 1Early life
• 2Spiritual life
• 3Family life
• 4Early political career
• 5Chancellorship
o 5.1Campaign against the Protestant Reformation
o 5.2Resignation
• 6Indictment, trial and execution
o 6.1Relics
• 7Scholarly and literary work
o 7.1History of King Richard III
o 7.2Utopia
o 7.3Religious polemics
o 7.4Correspondence
• 8Canonization
o 8.1Catholic Church
o 8.2Anglican Communion
• 9Legacy
o 9.1Communism, socialism and resistance to communism
• 10Literature and popular culture
• 11Institutions named after More
• 12Historic sites
o 12.1Westminster Hall
o 12.2Crosby Hall
o 12.3Chelsea Old Church
o 12.4Tower Hill
o 12.5St Katharine Docks
o 12.6St Dunstan's Church and Roper House, Canterbury
• 13Works
o 13.1Published during More's life (with dates of publication)
o 13.2Published after More's death (with likely dates of composition)
• 14Translations
• 15See also
• 16Notes
• 17Biographies
o 17.1Historiography
o 17.2Primary sources
• 18External links
Early life[edit]
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Born on Milk Street in London, on 7 February 1478, Thomas More was the son of Sir John More,[16] a successful lawyer and later a judge[17], and his wife Agnes (née Graunger). He was the second of six children. More was educated at St Anthony's School, then considered one of London's best schools.[18][19] From 1490 to 1492, More served John Morton, the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England, as a household page.[20]:xvi Morton enthusiastically supported the "New Learning" (scholarship which was later known as "humanism" or "London humanism"), and thought highly of the young More. Believing that More had great potential, Morton nominated him for a place at the University of Oxford (either in St. Mary Hall or Canterbury College, both now gone).[21]:38
More began his studies at Oxford in 1492, and received a classical education. Studying under Thomas Linacre and William Grocyn, he became proficient in both Latin and Greek. More left Oxford after only two years—at his father's insistence—to begin legal training in London at New Inn, one of the Inns of Chancery.[20]:xvii[22] In 1496, More became a student at Lincoln's Inn, one of the Inns of Court, where he remained until 1502, when he was called to the Bar.[20]:xvii
Spiritual life[edit]
According to his friend, theologian Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, More once seriously contemplated abandoning his legal career to become a monk.[23][24] Between 1503 and 1504 More lived near the Carthusian monastery outside the walls of London and joined in the monks' spiritual exercises. Although he deeply admired their piety, More ultimately decided to remain a layman, standing for election to Parliament in 1504 and marrying the following year.[20]:xxi
More continued ascetic practices for the rest of his life, such as wearing a hair shirt next to his skin and occasionally engaging in flagellation.[20]:xxi A tradition of the Third Order of Saint Francis honours More as a member of that Order on their calendar of saints.[25]
Family life[edit]
Rowland Lockey after Hans Holbein the Younger, The Family of Sir Thomas More, c. 1594
More married Jane Colt in 1505.[21]:118 Erasmus reported that More wanted to give his young wife a better education than she had previously received at home, and tutored her in music and literature.[21]:119 The couple had four children before Jane died in 1511: Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely, and John.[21]:132
Going "against friends' advice and common custom," within thirty days More had married one of the many eligible women among his wide circle of friends.[26][27] He chose Alice Middleton, a widow, to head his household and care for his small children.[28] The speed of the marriage was so unusual that More had to get a dispensation from the banns of marriage, which, due to his good public reputation, he easily obtained.[26]
More had no children from his second marriage, although he raised Alice's daughter from her previous marriage as his own. More also became the guardian of two young girls: Anne Cresacre would eventually marry his son, John More;[21]:146 and Margaret Giggs (later Clement) would be the only member of his family to witness his execution (she died on the 35th anniversary of that execution, and her daughter married More's nephew William Rastell). An affectionate father, More wrote letters to his children whenever he was away on legal or government business, and encouraged them to write to him often.[21]:150[29]:xiv
More insisted upon giving his daughters the same classical education as his son, an unusual attitude at the time.[21]:146–47 His eldest daughter, Margaret, attracted much admiration for her erudition, especially her fluency in Greek and Latin.[21]:147 More told his daughter of his pride in her academic accomplishments in September 1522, after he showed the bishop a letter she had written:
When he saw from the signature that it was the letter of a lady, his surprise led him to read it more eagerly … he said he would never have believed it to be your work unless I had assured him of the fact, and he began to praise it in the highest terms … for its pure Latinity, its correctness, its erudition, and its expressions of tender affection. He took out at once from his pocket a portague [A Portuguese gold coin] … to send to you as a pledge and token of his good will towards you.[29]:152
More's decision to educate his daughters set an example for other noble families. Even Erasmus became much more favourable once he witnessed their accomplishments.[21]:149
A portrait of More and his family, Sir Thomas More and Family, was painted by Holbein, but it was lost in a fire in the 18th century. More's grandson commissioned a copy, of which two versions survive.
Early political career[edit]
Study for a portrait of Thomas More's family, c. 1527, by Hans Holbein the Younger
In 1504 More was elected to Parliament to represent Great Yarmouth, and in 1510 began representing London.[30]
From 1510, More served as one of the two undersheriffs of the City of London, a position of considerable responsibility in which he earned a reputation as an honest and effective public servant. More became Master of Requests in 1514,[31] the same year in which he was appointed as a Privy Counsellor.[32] After undertaking a diplomatic mission to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, accompanying Thomas Wolsey, Cardinal Archbishop of York, to Calais and Bruges, More was knighted and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer in 1521.[32]
As secretary and personal adviser to King Henry VIII, More became increasingly influential: welcoming foreign diplomats, drafting official documents, and serving as a liaison between the King and Lord Chancellor Wolsey. More later served as High Steward for the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.
In 1523 More was elected as knight of the shire (MP) for Middlesex and, on Wolsey's recommendation, the House of Commons elected More its Speaker.[32] In 1525 More became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, with executive and judicial responsibilities over much of northern England.[32]
Chancellorship[edit]
After Wolsey fell, More succeeded to the office of Lord Chancellor in 1529. He dispatched cases with unprecedented rapidity.
Campaign against the Protestant Reformation[edit]
Sir Thomas More is commemorated with a sculpture at the late-19th-century Sir Thomas More House, opposite the Royal Courts of Justice, Carey Street, London.
More supported the Catholic Church and saw the Protestant Reformation as heresy, a threat to the unity of both church and society. More believed in the theology, argumentation, and ecclesiastical laws of the church, and "heard Luther's call to destroy the Catholic Church as a call to war."[33]
His early actions against the Protestant Reformation included aiding Wolsey in preventing Lutheran books from being imported into England, spying on and investigating suspected Protestants,[34] especially publishers, and arresting anyone holding in his possession, transporting, or selling the books of the Protestant Reformation. More vigorously suppressed Tyndale's English translation of the New Testament.[35]
The Tyndale Bible used controversial translations of certain words that More considered heretical and seditious; for example, it used "senior" and "elder" rather than "priest" for the Greek "presbyteros", and used the term congregation instead of church;[36] he also pointed out that some of the marginal glosses challenged Catholic doctrine.[37] It was during this time that most of his literary polemics appeared.
Rumours circulated during and after More's lifetime regarding ill-treatment of heretics during his time as Lord Chancellor. The popular sixteenth-century English Protestant historian John Foxe, who "placed Protestant sufferings against the background of... the Antichrist",[38] was instrumental in publicising accusations of torture in his famous Book of Martyrs, claiming that More had often personally used violence or torture while interrogating heretics. Later authors such as Brian Moynahan and Michael Farris cite Foxe when repeating these allegations.[39] Peter Ackroyd also lists claims from Foxe's Book of Martyrs and other post-Reformation sources that More "tied heretics to a tree in his Chelsea garden and whipped them", that "he watched as 'newe men' were put upon the rack in the Tower and tortured until they confessed", and that "he was personally responsible for the burning of several of the 'brethren' in Smithfield."[40] Richard Marius records a similar claim, which tells about James Bainham, and writes that "the story Foxe told of Bainham's whipping and racking at More's hands is universally doubted today".[41] More himself denied these allegations:
Stories of a similar nature were current even in More's lifetime and he denied them forcefully. He admitted that he did imprison heretics in his house – 'theyr sure kepynge' – he called it – but he utterly rejected claims of torture and whipping... 'as help me God.'[21]:298–299
More, however, writes in his "Apology" (1533) that he only applied corporal punishment to two heretics: a child who was caned in front of his family for heresy regarding the Eucharist, and a "feeble-minded" man who was whipped for disrupting prayers.[42]:404 During More's chancellorship, six people were burned at the stake for heresy; they were Thomas Hitton, Thomas Bilney, Richard Bayfield, John Tewkesbury, Thomas Dusgate, and James Bainham.[21]:299–306 Moynahan has claimed that More was influential in the burning of Tyndale, as More's agents had long pursued him, even though this took place over a year after his own death.[43] Burning at the stake had long been a standard punishment for heresy; about thirty burnings had taken place in the century before More's elevation to Chancellor, and burning continued to be used by both Catholics and Protestants during the religious upheaval of the following decades.[44] Ackroyd notes that More "approved of burning".[21]:298 Marius maintains that More did everything in his power to bring about the extermination of heretics but not that More was personally active in burning them.[41]
John Tewkesbury was a London leather seller found guilty by Bishop of London John Stokesley[45] of harbouring banned books; he was sentenced to burning for refusing to recant. More declared: he "burned as there was neuer wretche I wene better worthy."[46] After Richard Bayfield was executed for selling heretical books, More commented that he was "well and worthely burned".[47]
Modern commentators are divided over More's religious actions as Chancellor. Some biographers, including Ackroyd, have taken a relatively tolerant view of More's campaign against Protestantism by placing his actions within the turbulent religious climate of the time and the threat of deadly catastrophes such as the German Peasants' Revolt, which More blamed on Luther,[48][49][50] as did many others, such as Erasmus.[51] Others have been more critical, such as Richard Marius, an American scholar of the Reformation, believing that such persecutions were a betrayal of More's earlier humanist convictions, including More's zealous and well-documented advocacy of extermination for Protestants.[42]:386–406
Some Protestants take a different view. In 1980, More was added to the Church of England's calendar of Saints and Heroes of the Christian Church, despite being a fierce opponent of the English Reformation that created the Church of England. He was added jointly with John Fisher, to be commemorated every 6 July (the date of More's execution) as "Thomas More, Scholar, and John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, Reformation Martyrs, 1535".[12] Pope John Paul II honoured him by making him patron saint of statesmen and politicians in October 2000, stating: "It can be said that he demonstrated in a singular way the value of a moral conscience... even if, in his actions against heretics, he reflected the limits of the culture of his time".[11][52]
Resignation[edit]
As the conflict over supremacy between the Papacy and the King reached its apogee, More continued to remain steadfast in supporting the supremacy of the Pope as Successor of Peter over that of the King of England. Parliament's reinstatement of the charge of praemunire in 1529 had made it a crime to support in public or office the claim of any authority outside the realm (such as the Papacy) to have a legal jurisdiction superior to the King's.[53]
In 1530, More refused to sign a letter by the leading English churchmen and aristocrats asking Pope Clement VII to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, and also quarrelled with Henry VIII over the heresy laws. In 1531, a royal decree required the clergy to take an oath acknowledging the King as Supreme Head of the Church of England. The bishops at the Convocation of Canterbury in 1532 agreed to sign the Oath but only under threat of praemunire and only after these words were added: "as far as Christ law allows". This was considered to be the final Submission of the Clergy.[54] Cardinal John Fisher and some other clergy refused to sign. Henry purged most clergy who supported the papal stance from senior positions in the church. More continued to refuse to sign the Oath of Supremacy and did not agree to support the annulment of Henry's marriage to Catherine.[53] However, he did not openly reject the King's actions and kept his opinions private.[55]
On 16 May 1532, More resigned from his role as Chancellor but remained in Henry's favour despite his refusal.[56] His decision to resign was caused by the decision of the convocation of the English Church, which was under intense royal threat, on the day before.[57]
Indictment, trial and execution[edit]
In 1533, More refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn as the Queen of England. Technically, this was not an act of treason, as More had written to Henry seemingly acknowledging Anne's queenship and expressing his desire for the King's happiness and the new Queen's health.[58] Despite this, his refusal to attend was widely interpreted as a snub against Anne, and Henry took action against him.
Shortly thereafter, More was charged with accepting bribes, but the charges had to be dismissed for lack of any evidence. In early 1534, More was accused by Thomas Cromwell of having given advice and counsel to the "Holy Maid of Kent," Elizabeth Barton, a nun who had prophesied that the king had ruined his soul and would come to a quick end for having divorced Queen Catherine. This was a month after Barton had confessed, which was possibly done under royal pressure,[59][60] and was said to be concealment of treason.[61]
Though it was dangerous for anyone to have anything to do with Barton, More had indeed met with her, and was impressed by her fervour. But More was prudent and told her not to interfere with state matters. More was called before a committee of the Privy Council to answer these charges of treason, and after his respectful answers the matter seemed to be dropped.[62]
On 13 April 1534, More was asked to appear before a commission and swear his allegiance to the parliamentary Act of Succession. More accepted Parliament's right to declare Anne Boleyn the legitimate Queen of England, though he refused "the spiritual validity of the king's second marriage",[63] and, holding fast to the teaching of papal supremacy, he steadfastly refused to take the oath of supremacy of the Crown in the relationship between the kingdom and the church in England. More furthermore publicly refused to uphold Henry's annulment from Catherine. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, refused the oath along with More. The oath reads:[64]
...By reason whereof the Bishop of Rome and See Apostolic, contrary to the great and inviolable grants of jurisdictions given by God immediately to emperors, kings and princes in succession to their heirs, hath presumed in times past to invest who should please them to inherit in other men's kingdoms and dominions, which thing we your most humble subjects, both spiritual and temporal, do most abhor and detest...
In addition to refusing to support the King's annulment or supremacy, More refused to sign the 1534 Oath of Succession confirming Anne's role as queen and the rights of their children to succession. More's fate was sealed.[65][66] While he had no argument with the basic concept of succession as stated in the Act, the preamble of the Oath repudiated the authority of the Pope.[55][67][68]
His enemies had enough evidence to have the King arrest him on treason. Four days later, Henry had More imprisoned in the Tower of London. There More prepared a devotional Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation. While More was imprisoned in the Tower, Thomas Cromwell made several visits, urging More to take the oath, which he continued to refuse.
Site of scaffold at Tower Hill where More was executed by decapitation
Commemorative plaque at the site of the ancient scaffold at Tower Hill, with Sir Thomas More listed among other notables executed at the site
The charges of high treason related to More's violating the statutes as to the King's supremacy (malicious silence) and conspiring with Bishop John Fisher in this respect (malicious conspiracy) and, according to some sources, for asserting that Parliament did not have the right to proclaim the King's Supremacy over the English Church. One group of scholars believes that the judges dismissed the first two charges (malicious acts) and tried More only on the final one but others strongly disagree.[53]
Regardless of the specific charges, the indictment related to violation of the Treasons Act 1534 which declared it treason to speak against the King's Supremacy:[69]
If any person or persons, after the first day of February next coming, do maliciously wish, will or desire, by words or writing, or by craft imagine, invent, practise, or attempt any bodily harm to be done or committed to the king's most royal person, the queen's, or their heirs apparent, or to deprive them or any of them of their dignity, title, or name of their royal estates …
That then every such person and persons so offending … shall have and suffer such pains of death and other penalties, as is limited and accustomed in cases of high treason.[70]
The trial was held on 1 July 1535, before a panel of judges that included the new Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas Audley, as well as Anne Boleyn's father, brother, and uncle.
More, relying upon legal precedent and the maxim "qui tacet consentire videtur" ("one who keeps silent seems to consent"[71]), understood that he could not be convicted as long as he did not explicitly deny that the King was Supreme Head of the Church, and he therefore refused to answer all questions regarding his opinions on the subject.[72]
William Frederick Yeames, The meeting of Sir Thomas More with his daughter after his sentence of death, 1872
72
Thomas Cromwell, at the time the most powerful of the King's advisors, brought forth Solicitor General Richard Rich to testify that More had, in his presence, denied that the King was the legitimate head of the Church. This testimony was characterised by More as being extremely dubious. Witnesses Richard Southwell and Mr. Palmer both denied having heard the details of the reported conversation, and as More himself pointed out:
Can it therefore seem likely to your Lordships, that I should in so weighty an Affair as this, act so unadvisedly, as to trust Mr. Rich, a Man I had always so mean an Opinion of, in reference to his Truth and Honesty, … that I should only impart to Mr. Rich the Secrets of my Conscience in respect to the King's Supremacy, the particular Secrets, and only Point about which I have been so long pressed to explain my self? which I never did, nor never would reveal; when the Act was once made, either to the King himself, or any of his Privy Councillors, as is well known to your Honours, who have been sent upon no other account at several times by his Majesty to me in the Tower. I refer it to your Judgments, my Lords, whether this can seem credible to any of your Lordships.[73]
Beheading of Thomas More, 1870 illustration
The jury took only fifteen minutes, however, to find More guilty.
After the jury's verdict was delivered and before his sentencing, More spoke freely of his belief that "no temporal man may be the head of the spirituality" (take over the role of the Pope). According to William Roper's account, More was pleading that the Statute of Supremacy was contrary to the Magna Carta, to Church laws and to the laws of England, attempting to void the entire indictment against him.[53] He was sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered (the usual punishment for traitors who were not the nobility), but the King commuted this to execution by decapitation.[74]
The execution took place on 6 July 1535. When he came to mount the steps to the scaffold, its frame seeming so weak that it might collapse,[75][76] More is widely quoted as saying (to one of the officials): "I pray you, master Lieutenant, see me safe up and [for] my coming down, let me shift for my self";[77] while on the scaffold he declared that he died "the king's good servant, and God's first."[78][79][80][81] After More had finished reciting the Miserere[82][83] while kneeling, the executioner reportedly begged his pardon, then More rose up merrily, kissed him and gave him forgiveness.[84][85][86][87]
Relics[edit]
Sir Thomas More family's vault
Another comment he is believed to have made to the executioner is that his beard was completely innocent of any crime, and did not deserve the axe; he then positioned his beard so that it would not be harmed.[88] More asked that his foster/adopted daughter Margaret Clement (née Giggs) be given his headless corpse to bury.[89] She was the only member of his family to witness his execution. He was buried at the Tower of London, in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in an unmarked grave. His head was fixed upon a pike over London Bridge for a month, according to the normal custom for traitors.
More's daughter Margaret later rescued the severed head.[90] It is believed to rest in the Roper Vault of St Dunstan's Church, Canterbury,[91] perhaps with the remains of Margaret and her husband's family.[92] Some have claimed that the head is buried within the tomb erected for More in Chelsea Old Church.[93]
Among other surviving relics is his hair shirt, presented for safe keeping by Margaret Clement.[94] This was long in the custody of the community of Augustinian canonesses who until 1983 lived at the convent at Abbotskerswell Priory, Devon. Some sources, including one from 2004, claimed that the hair shirt was then at the Martyr's church on the Weld family's estate in Chideock, Dorset.[95][96] The most recent reports indicate that it is now preserved at Buckfast Abbey, near Buckfastleigh in Devon.[97]
Scholarly and literary work[edit]
History of King Richard III[edit]
Between 1512 and 1519 More worked on a History of King Richard III, which he never finished but which was published after his death. The History is a Renaissance biography, remarkable more for its literary skill and adherence to classical precepts than for its historical accuracy.[98] Some consider it an attack on royal tyranny, rather than on Richard III himself or the House of York.[99] More uses a more dramatic writing style than had been typical in medieval chronicles; Richard III is limned as an outstanding, archetypal tyrant – however, More was only seven years old when Richard III was killed at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485 so he had no first-hand in-depth knowledge of him.
The History of King Richard III was written and published in both English and Latin, each written separately, and with information deleted from the Latin edition to suit a European readership.[citation needed] It greatly influenced William Shakespeare's play Richard III. Contemporary historians attribute the unflattering portraits of Richard III in both works to both authors' allegiance to the reigning Tudor dynasty that wrested the throne from Richard III in the Wars of the Roses.[citation needed] More's version barely mentions King Henry VII, the first Tudor king, perhaps because he had persecuted his father, Sir John More.[citation needed] Clements Markham suggests that the actual author of the work was Archbishop Morton and that More was simply copying or perhaps translating the work.[100][101]
Utopia[edit]
Main article: Utopia (book)
More's best known and most controversial work, Utopia is a frame narrative written in Latin.[citation needed] More completed and theologian Erasmus published the book in Leuven in 1516, but it was only translated into English and published in his native land in 1551 (16 years after his execution), and the 1684 translation became the most commonly cited. More (also a character in the book) and the narrator/traveller, Raphael Hythlodaeus (whose name alludes both to the healer archangel Raphael, and 'speaker of nonsense', the surname's Greek meaning), discuss modern ills in Antwerp, as well as describe the political arrangements of the imaginary island country of Utopia (a Greek pun on 'ou-topos' [no place] and 'eu-topos' [good place]) among themselves as well as to Pieter Gillis and Hieronymus van Busleyden. Utopia's original edition included a symmetrical "Utopian alphabet" omitted by later editions, but which may have been an early attempt or precursor of shorthand.
Utopia contrasts the contentious social life of European states with the perfectly orderly, reasonable social arrangements of Utopia and its environs (Tallstoria, Nolandia, and Aircastle). In Utopia, there are no lawyers because of the laws' simplicity and because social gatherings are in public view (encouraging participants to behave well), communal ownership supplants private property, men and women are educated alike, and there is almost complete religious toleration (except for atheists, who are allowed but despised). More may have used monastic communalism as his model, although other concepts such as legalising euthanasia remain far outside Church doctrine. Hythlodaeus asserts that a man who refuses to believe in a god or an afterlife could never be trusted, because he would not acknowledge any authority or principle outside himself. Some take the novel's principal message to be the social need for order and discipline rather than liberty. Ironically, Hythlodaeus, who believes philosophers should not get involved in politics, addresses More's ultimate conflict between his humanistic beliefs and courtly duties as the King's servant, pointing out that one day those morals will come into conflict with the political reality.
Utopia gave rise to a literary genre, Utopian and dystopian fiction, which features ideal societies or perfect cities, or their opposite. Early works influenced by Utopia included New Atlantis by Francis Bacon, Erewhon by Samuel Butler, and Candide by Voltaire. Although Utopianism combined classical concepts of perfect societies (Plato and Aristotle) with Roman rhetorical finesse (cf. Cicero, Quintilian, epideictic oratory), the Renaissance genre continued into the Age of Enlightenment and survives in modern science fiction.
Religious polemics[edit]
In 1520 the reformer Martin Luther published three works in quick succession: An Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation (Aug.), Concerning the Babylonish Captivity of the Church (Oct.), and On the Liberty of a Christian Man (Nov.).[21]:225 In these books, Luther set out his doctrine of salvation through grace alone, rejected certain Catholic practices, and attacked abuses and excesses within the Catholic Church.[21]:225–6 In 1521, Henry VIII formally responded to Luther's criticisms with the Assertio, written with More's assistance. Pope Leo X rewarded the English king with the title 'Fidei defensor' ("Defender of the Faith") for his work combating Luther's heresies.[21]:226–7
Martin Luther then attacked Henry VIII in print, calling him a "pig, dolt, and liar".[21]:227 At the king's request, More composed a rebuttal: the Responsio ad Lutherum was published at the end of 1523. In the Responsio, More defended papal supremacy, the sacraments, and other Church traditions. More, though considered "a much steadier personality",[102] described Luther as an "ape", a "drunkard", and a "lousy little friar" amongst other epithets.[21]:230 Writing under the pseudonym of Gulielmus Rosseus,[32] More tells Luther that:
for as long as your reverend paternity will be determined to tell these shameless lies, others will be permitted, on behalf of his English majesty, to throw back into your paternity's shitty mouth, truly the shit-pool of all shit, all the muck and shit which your damnable rottenness has vomited up, and to empty out all the sewers and privies onto your crown divested of the dignity of the priestly crown, against which no less than the kingly crown you have determined to play the buffoon.[103]
His saying is followed with a kind of apology to his readers, while Luther possibly never apologized for his sayings.[103] Stephen Greenblatt argues, "More speaks for his ruler and in his opponent's idiom; Luther speaks for himself, and his scatological imagery far exceeds in quantity, intensity, and inventiveness anything that More could muster. If for More scatology normally expresses a communal disapproval, for Luther, it expresses a deep personal rage."[104]
Confronting Luther confirmed More's theological conservatism. He thereafter avoided any hint of criticism of Church authority.[21]:230 In 1528, More published another religious polemic, A Dialogue Concerning Heresies, that asserted the Catholic Church was the one true church, established by Christ and the Apostles, and affirmed the validity of its authority, traditions and practices.[21]:279–81 In 1529, the circulation of Simon Fish's Supplication for the Beggars prompted More to respond with The Supplication of Souls.
In 1531, a year after More's father died, William Tyndale published An Answer unto Sir Thomas More's Dialogue in response to More's Dialogue Concerning Heresies. More responded with a half million words: the Confutation of Tyndale's Answer. The Confutation is an imaginary dialogue between More and Tyndale, with More addressing each of Tyndale's criticisms of Catholic rites and doctrines.[21]:307–9 More, who valued structure, tradition and order in society as safeguards against tyranny and error, vehemently believed that Lutheranism and the Protestant Reformation in general were dangerous, not only to the Catholic faith but to the stability of society as a whole.[21]:307–9
Correspondence[edit]
Most major humanists were prolific letter writers, and Thomas More was no exception. As in the case of his friend Erasmus of Rotterdam, however, only a small portion of his correspondence (about 280 letters) survived. These include everything from personal letters to official government correspondence (mostly in English), letters to fellow humanist scholars (in Latin), several epistolary tracts, verse epistles, prefatory letters (some fictional) to several of More's own works, letters to More's children and their tutors (in Latin), and the so-called "prison-letters" (in English) which he exchanged with his oldest daughter Margaret while he was imprisoned in the Tower of London awaiting execution.[33] More also engaged in controversies, most notably with the French poet Germain de Brie, which culminated in the publication of de Brie's Antimorus (1519). Erasmus intervened, however, and ended the dispute.[37]
More also wrote about more spiritual matters. They include: A Treatise on the Passion (a.k.a. Treatise on the Passion of Christ), A Treatise to Receive the Blessed Body (a.k.a. Holy Body Treaty), and De Tristitia Christi (a.k.a. The Agony of Christ). More handwrote the last which reads in the Tower of London while awaiting his execution. This last manuscript, saved from the confiscation decreed by Henry VIII, passed by the will of his daughter Margaret to Spanish hands through Fray Pedro de Soto, confessor of Emperor Charles V. More's friend Luis Vives received it in Valencia, where it remains in the collection of Real Colegio Seminario del Corpus Christi museum.
Canonization[edit]
Medal of Saint Thomas More
Catholic Church[edit]
Pope Leo XIII beatified Thomas More, John Fisher, and 52 other English Martyrs on 29 December 1886. Pope Pius XI canonised More and Fisher on 19 May 1935, and More's feast day was established as 9 July.[105] Since 1970 the General Roman Calendar has celebrated More with St John Fisher on 22 June (the date of Fisher's execution). On 31 October 2000 Pope John Paul II declared More "the heavenly Patron of Statesmen and Politicians".[11] More is the patron of the German Catholic youth organisation Katholische Junge Gemeinde.[106]
Anglican Communion[edit]
In 1980, despite their opposing the English Reformation, More and Fisher were jointly added as martyrs of the reformation to the Church of England's calendar of "Saints and Heroes of the Christian Church", to be commemorated every 6 July (the date of More's execution) as "Thomas More, Scholar, and John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, Reformation Martyrs, 1535".[12]
More is also listed in the calendars of saints of some of the other churches in the Anglican Communion including:
• The Anglican Church of Australia has "July 6: John Fisher and Thomas More, martyrs (died 1535)".
• The Anglican Church of Brazil has "July 6: Thomas More, Martyr, 1535".
• The Anglican Church of Canada has "July 6: Thomas More died 1535 Commemoration" in its Book of Alternative Services Calendar, and has "July 6: The Octave Day of St Peter and St Paul, and Thomas More, Chancellor of England, Martyr 1535." in the July section of its Book of Common Prayer Calendar.
• The Anglican Church of Southern Africa has "July 6: Thomas More, Martyr, 1535".
Among those on which More is not listed are the calendars of the Episcopal Church in the United States, the Scottish Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church in Hong Kong and Macau.
Legacy[edit]
Statue of Thomas More at the Ateneo Law School chapel
The steadfastness and courage with which More maintained his religious convictions, and his dignity during his imprisonment, trial, and execution, contributed much to More's posthumous reputation, particularly among Roman Catholics. His friend Erasmus defended More's character as "more pure than any snow" and described his genius as "such as England never had and never again will have."[107] Upon learning of More's execution, Emperor Charles V said: "Had we been master of such a servant, we would rather have lost the best city of our dominions than such a worthy councillor."[108] G. K. Chesterton, a Roman Catholic convert from the Church of England, predicted More "may come to be counted the greatest Englishman, or at least the greatest historical character in English history."[109] Hugh Trevor-Roper called More "the first great Englishman whom we feel that we know, the most saintly of humanists, the most human of saints, the universal man of our cool northern renaissance."[110]
Jonathan Swift, an Anglican, wrote that More was "a person of the greatest virtue this kingdom ever produced".[111][112][113] Some consider Samuel Johnson that quote's author, although neither his writings nor Boswell's contain such.[114][115] The metaphysical poet John Donne, also honoured as a saint by Anglicans, was More's great-great-nephew.[116] US Senator Eugene McCarthy had a portrait of More in his office.[117]
Roman Catholic scholars maintain that More used irony in Utopia, and that he remained an orthodox Christian.
Marxist theoreticians such as Karl Kautsky considered the book a critique of economic and social exploitation in pre-modern Europe and More is claimed to have influenced the development of socialist ideas.[118]
Communism, socialism and resistance to communism[edit]
Having been praised "as a Communist hero by Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Karl Kautsky" because of the Communist attitude to property in his Utopia,[13] under Soviet Communism the name of Thomas More was in ninth position from the top[14] of Moscow's Stele of Freedom (also known as the Obelisk of Revolutionary Thinkers),[15] as one of the most influential thinkers "who promoted the liberation of humankind from oppression, arbitrariness, and exploitation."[14] This monument was erected in 1918 in Aleksandrovsky Garden near the Kremlin at Lenin's suggestion.[13][14][15] It was dismantled on 2 July 2013, during Vladimir Putin's third term as President of post-Communist Russia.[15]
Utopia also inspired Socialists such as William Morris.[119]
Many see More's communism or socialism as purely satirical.[119] In 1888, while praising More's communism, Karl Kautsky pointed out that "perplexed" historians and economists often saw the name Utopia (which means "no place") as "a subtle hint by More that he himself regarded his communism as an impracticable dream".[120]
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, the Russian Nobel Prize-winning anti-Communist author of The Gulag Archipelago, argued that Soviet communism needed enslavement and forced labour to survive, and that this had been " ...foreseen as far back as Thomas More, in his Utopia".[121]
In 2008, More was portrayed on stage in Hong Kong as an allegorical symbol of the pan-democracy camp resisting the Chinese Communist Party in a translated and modified version of Robert Bolt's play A Man for All Seasons.[122]
Literature and popular culture[edit]
William Roper's biography of More was one of the first biographies in Modern English.
Sir Thomas More is a play written circa 1592 in collaboration with Henry Chettle, Anthony Munday, William Shakespeare, and others. In it More is portrayed as a wise and honest statesman. The original manuscript has survived as a handwritten text that shows many revisions by its several authors, as well as the censorious influence of Edmund Tylney, Master of the Revels in the government of Queen Elizabeth I. The script has since been published and has had several productions.[123][123][124]
The 20th-century agnostic playwright Robert Bolt portrayed Thomas More as the tragic hero of his 1960 play A Man for All Seasons. The title is drawn from what Robert Whittington in 1520 wrote of More:
More is a man of an angel's wit and singular learning. I know not his fellow. For where is the man of that gentleness, lowliness and affability? And, as time requireth, a man of marvelous mirth and pastimes, and sometime of as sad gravity. A man for all seasons.[110]
In 1966, the play A Man for All Seasons was adapted into a film with the same title. It was directed by Fred Zinnemann and adapted for the screen by the playwright. It stars Paul Scofield, a noted British actor, who said that the part of Sir Thomas More was "the most difficult part I played."[125] The film won the Academy Award for Best Picture and Scofield won the Best Actor Oscar. In 1988 Charlton Heston starred in and directed a made-for-television film that restored the character of "the common man" that had been cut from the 1966 film.
Catholic science fiction writer R. A. Lafferty wrote his novel Past Master as a modern equivalent to More's Utopia, which he saw as a satire. In this novel, Thomas More travels through time to the year 2535, where he is made king of the world "Astrobe", only to be beheaded after ruling for a mere nine days. One character compares More favourably to almost every other major historical figure: "He had one completely honest moment right at the end. I cannot think of anyone else who ever had one."
Karl Zuchardt's novel, Stirb du Narr! ("Die you fool!"), about More's struggle with King Henry, portrays More as an idealist bound to fail in the power struggle with a ruthless ruler and an unjust world.
The novelist Hilary Mantel portrays More as an unsympathetic persecutor of Protestants, and an ally of the Habsburg empire, in her 2009 novel Wolf Hall, told from the perspective of a sympathetically portrayed Thomas Cromwell.
Literary critic James Wood in his book The Broken Estate, a collection of essays, is critical of More and refers to him as "cruel in punishment, evasive in argument, lusty for power, and repressive in politics".[126]
Aaron Zelman's non-fiction book The State Versus the People includes a comparison of Utopia with Plato's Republic. Zelman is undecided as to whether More was being ironic in his book or was genuinely advocating a police state. Zelman comments, "More is the only Christian saint to be honoured with a statue at the Kremlin."[citation needed] By this Zelman implies that Utopia influenced Vladimir Lenin's Bolsheviks, despite their brutal repression of religion.
Other biographers, such as Peter Ackroyd, have offered a more sympathetic picture of More as both a sophisticated philosopher and man of letters, as well as a zealous Catholic who believed in the authority of the Holy See over Christendom.
The protagonist of Walker Percy's novels, Love in the Ruins and The Thanatos Syndrome, is "Dr Thomas More", a reluctant Catholic and descendant of More.
More is the focus of the Al Stewart song "A Man For All Seasons" from the 1978 album Time Passages, and of the Far song "Sir", featured on the limited editions and 2008 re-release of their 1994 album Quick. In addition, the song "So Says I" by indie rock outfit The Shins alludes to the socialist interpretation of More's Utopia.
Jeremy Northam depicts More in the television series The Tudors as a peaceful man, as well as a devout Roman Catholic and loving family patriarch. He also shows More loathing Protestantism, burning both Martin Luther's books and English Protestants who have been convicted of heresy. The portrayal has unhistorical aspects, such as that More neither personally caused nor attended Simon Fish's execution (since Fish actually died of bubonic plague in 1531 before he could stand trial), although More's The Supplycatyon of Soulys, published in October 1529, addressed Fish's Supplication for the Beggars.[127][128] Indeed, there is no evidence that More ever attended the execution of any heretic. The series also neglected to show More's avowed insistence that Richard Rich's testimony about More disputing the King's title as Supreme Head of the Church of England was perjured.
In 2002, More was placed at number 37 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.[129]
Institutions named after More[edit]
Main article: List of institutions named after Thomas More
Historic sites[edit]
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Westminster Hall[edit]
A plaque in the middle of the floor of London's Westminster Hall commemorates More's trial for treason and condemnation to execution in that original part of the Palace of Westminster.[130] The building, which houses Parliament, would have been well known to More, who served several terms as a member and became Speaker of the House of Commons before his appointment as England's Lord Chancellor.
Crosby Hall[edit]
The Crown confiscated More's home and estate along the Thames in Chelsea after his execution. Crosby Hall, which was part of More's London residence, was eventually relocated and reconstructed in Chelsea by conservation architect Walter Godfrey in 1910. Rebuilt in the 1990s, the white stone building stands amid modern brick structures that attempt to recapture the style of More's former manor on the site. Crosby Hall is privately owned and closed to the public. The modern structures face the Thames and include an entry way that displays More's arms, heraldic beasts, and a Latin maxim. Apartment buildings and a park cover the former gardens and orchard; Roper's Garden is the park atop one of More's gardens, sunken as his was believed to be. No other remnants exist of the More estate.
Chelsea Old Church[edit]
Thomas More statue, Chelsea Old Church
Across a small park and Old Church Street from Crosby Hall is Chelsea Old Church, an Anglican church whose southern chapel More commissioned and in which he sang with the parish choir. Except for his chapel, the church was largely destroyed in the Second World War and rebuilt in 1958. The capitals on the medieval arch connecting the chapel to the main sanctuary display symbols associated with More and his office. On the southern wall of the sanctuary is the tomb and epitaph he erected for himself and his wives, detailing his ancestry and accomplishments in Latin, including his role as peacemaker between the Christian nations of Europe as well as a curiously altered portion about his curbing heresy. When More served Mass, he would leave by the door just to the left of it. He is not, however, buried here, nor is it entirely certain which of his family may be. It is open to the public at specific times. Outside the church, facing the River Thames, is a statue by L. Cubitt Bevis erected in 1969, commemorating More as "saint", "scholar", and "statesman"; the back displays his coat-of-arms. Nearby, on Upper Cheyne Row, the Roman Catholic Church of Our Most Holy Redeemer & St. Thomas More honours the martyr.
Tower Hill[edit]
A plaque and small garden commemorate the famed execution site on Tower Hill, London, just outside the Tower of London, as well as all those executed there, many as religious martyrs or as prisoners of conscience. More's corpse, minus his head, was unceremoniously buried in an unmarked mass grave beneath the Royal Chapel of St. Peter Ad Vincula, within the walls of the Tower of London, as was the custom for traitors executed at Tower Hill. The chapel is accessible to Tower visitors.
St Katharine Docks[edit]
Thomas More is commemorated by a stone plaque near St Katharine Docks, just east of the Tower where he was executed. The street in which it is situated was formerly called Nightingale Lane, a corruption of "Knighten Guild", derived from the original owners of the land. It is now renamed Thomas More Street in his honour.[131]
St Dunstan's Church and Roper House, Canterbury[edit]
St Dunstan's Church, an Anglican parish church in Canterbury, possesses More's head, rescued by his daughter Margaret Roper, whose family lived in Canterbury down and across the street from their parish church. A stone immediately to the left of the altar marks the sealed Roper family vault beneath the Nicholas Chapel, itself to the right of the church's sanctuary or main altar. St Dunstan's Church has carefully investigated, preserved and sealed this burial vault. The last archaeological investigation revealed that the suspected head of More rests in a niche separate from the other bodies, possibly from later interference.[132] Displays in the chapel record the archaeological findings in pictures and narratives. Roman Catholics donated stained glass to commemorate the events in More's life. A small plaque marks the former home of William and Margaret Roper; another house nearby and entitled Roper House is now a home for the deaf.
Works[edit]
Note: The reference "CW" is to the relevant volume of the Yale Edition of the Complete Works of St. Thomas More (New Haven and London 1963–1997)
Published during More's life (with dates of publication)[edit]
• A Merry Jest (c. 1516) (CW 1)
• Utopia (1516) (CW 4)
• Latin Poems (1518, 1520) (CW 3, Pt.2)
• Letter to Brixius (1520) (CW 3, Pt. 2, App C)
• Responsio ad Lutherum (The Answer to Luther, 1523) (CW 5)
• A Dialogue Concerning Heresies (1529, 1530) (CW 6)
• Supplication of Souls (1529) (CW 7)
• Letter Against Frith (1532) (CW 7) pdf
• The Confutation of Tyndale's Answer (1532, 1533) (CW 8) Books 1-4, Books 5–9
• Apology (1533) (CW 9)
• Debellation of Salem and Bizance (1533) (CW 10) pdf
• The Answer to a Poisoned Book (1533) (CW 11) pdf
Published after More's death (with likely dates of composition)[edit]
• The History of King Richard III (c. 1513–1518) (CW 2 & 15)
• The Four Last Things (c. 1522) (CW 1)
• A Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation (1534) (CW 12)
• Treatise Upon the Passion (1534) (CW 13)
• Treatise on the Blessed Body (1535) (CW 13)
• Instructions and Prayers (1535) (CW 13)
• De Tristitia Christi (1535) (CW 14) (preserved in the Real Colegio Seminario del Corpus Christi, Valencia)
Wikitree:
Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535) was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was an important counselor to Henry VIII and Lord Chancellor from October 1529 to 16 May 1532. More opposed the Protestant Reformation and the King's separation from the Catholic Church, and refused to accept him as Supreme Head of the Church of England. Tried for treason, More was convicted on perjured testimony and beheaded. Pope Pius XI canonized More in 1935 as a martyr.
Born in Milk Street in London, on 7 February 1478, Thomas More was the son of Sir John More, a successful lawyer and later judge, and his wife Agnes (née Graunger). More married Jane Colt in 1505. She was nearly ten years younger. The couple had four children before Jane died in 1511: Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely, and John. Within thirty days More had married the rich widow Alice Middleton as his second wife. More had no children from his second marriage, although he raised Alice's daughter from her previous marriage as his own.
He was elected to Parliament in 1504, eventually rising to the position of Speaker of the House of Commons in 1523. More was knighted by Henry the VIII in 1521. He became a Sub-Treasurer to the King that same year. Sir Thomas More was appointed the Lord Chancellor of England in 1529. He held this post until 1532 when he resigned due to differences with the King.
In 1533, More refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn as the Queen of England. He was charged with high treason for denying the validity of the Act of Supremacy. The Act of Supremacy stated that the divorce of Catherine of Aragon was legal and, contrary to the law of God, the marriage to Anne Boleyn is confirmed. The act also required persons of all stations take an oath swearing to maintain this act of succession. Thomas More refused to take the oath. On 1 July 1535, More was tried before a panel of judges that included the new Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas Audley, as well as Anne Boleyn's father, brother, and uncle. He was sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered (the usual punishment for traitors who were not the nobility), but the King commuted this to execution by decapitation. The execution took place on 6 July 1535 at the Tower of London.
Sir Thomas More
BIRTH 7 Feb 1478
London, City of London, Greater London, England
DEATH 6 Jul 1535 (aged 57)
Tower Hamlets, London Borough of Tower Hamlets, Greater London, England
BURIAL Chapel of Saint Peter-ad-Vincula
London Borough of Tower Hamlets, Greater London, England Show Map
PLOT Exact location unknown
BIRTH 7 Feb 1478
London, City of London, Greater London, England
Statesman, Lawyer, Author, Roman Catholic Saint. One of the key figures of the English Renaissance. His humanist political fantasy "Utopia" (1516) has had an enduring impact on world literature and social theory. A loyal Catholic, More served as Lord Chancellor of England under Henry VIII (1529 to 1532), but resigned because he opposed the king's religious policies. This stance cost him his life. He is admired for his steadfast courage in putting his conscience above the demands of secular authority. G. K. Chesterton wrote that "the mind of More was like a diamond that a tyrant threw away into a ditch, because he could not break it". More was born in London, the son of Sir John More, a respected lawyer and judge. He attended St. Anthony's School in Threadneedle Street and served as a page for Cardinal John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor, who sent him to Oxford University's Christ Church in 1492. At his father's insistence he studied law at New Inn (1494 to 1496) and Lincoln's Inn, gaining admission to the bar in 1501, while continuing to pursue classical interests; through these he came to know several eminent scholars, forming lifelong friendships with John Colet and Desiderius Erasmus. He mastered Latin, Greek, mathematics, history and astronomy, learned to play several musical instruments, wrote poetry. More's first substantial literary work - an English translation of a biography of Catholic humanist philosopher Pico della Mirandola (1505) - reflected a period when he seriously considered taking holy orders. Between 1499 and 1503 he delivered a series of lectures on St. Augustine's "City of God" and was drawn to the austere devotion of the Carthusian and Franciscan monks. According to Erasmus, "the one thing that prevented him from giving himself to that kind of life was that he could not shake off the desire of the married state. He chose, therefore, to be a chaste husband rather than an impure priest". Like Pico della Mirandola, he also decided that his abilities would be of greater use in the secular world. But part of him would always remain a religious ascetic. Even at the height of his political power he wore a hair shirt beneath his robes and practiced self-flagellation and other forms of penance. In January 1505 More married 16 year-old Jane Colt, the daughter of a nobleman. They had four children and adopted an orphan named Margaret Giggs. Within a month of Jane's death in 1511 he married the widow Alice Middleton to manage his household, and raised her daughter as his own. More supported his family through his exceptional skills as a lawyer in civil cases and international trade negotiations. Despite his youth he was invited to serve as Reader (senior lecturer) at Furneval Inn from 1504 to 1507, and won much respect for providing pro bono services to the poor. This had led to his first election to Parliament in 1504, when he was 25. At that time Henry VII was notorious for using the assembly as a rubber stamp for his exorbitant tax policies, carried out by royal ministers Edmund Dudley and Sir Richard Empson. Dudley served as Speaker of the House for that session and sought a huge appropriation based, rather dubiously, on ancient feudal privileges. To his surprise More led an opposition group that succeeded on legal grounds in reducing the amount by two-thirds. Henry was furious that "a beardless boy" in the House of Commons had put such a dent in his coffers, and would not summon Parliament again for the rest of his reign. Dudley later told More that he escaped beheading only because he had prudently avoided mentioning the king's name in his speeches. Instead the monarch retaliated against More's father, tossing him in prison on a petty trumped-up charge until he paid a fine of 100 pounds. Some believe More visited universities in France and Flanders in 1508 to investigate the possibilities of self-exile. The 18 year-old Henry VIII ascended to the throne the following year and announced a change in policy by removing the unpopular Dudley and Empson from power (both were subsequently executed). More celebrated these events by writing a "Coronation Ode" (1509) that combined fulsome flattery of the new king with surprisingly frank condemnations of his father's rule. From then on his public career rose steadily (he was reelected to Parliament in 1509), but his ambition was now tempered by a reluctance to enter royal service. He would never trust kings and would learn well the value of silence as a personal legal strategy. From 1510 to 1518 More served as Undersheriff of London, gaining a reputation as a fair, incorruptible judge. His heroic if unsuccessful attempt to peacefully circumvent the "Evil May Day" race riot (1517) was long remembered in the city. He was also peripherally involved in the 1514 investigation of Richard Hunne, a Lollard sympathizer imprisoned and murdered for waging an unprecedented lawsuit that challenged Catholic intervention in civil affairs. Future Protestants would cite the case as an example of the injustices that made the English Reformation inevitable. In a letter to Erasmus More complained that his duties as Undersheriff prevented him from doing much creative writing, but his two most important books emerged from this period. "The History of Richard III" (c. 1513), based on unpublished material by Cardinal Morton, is naturally biased towards the Tudors. More was the first historian to portray the Plantagenet king as a scheming, villainous usurper, stopping short of blaming him for the deaths of the Duke of Clarence and the Princes in the Tower, while making it clear he was capable of such deeds. Its dramatic and literary quality marked a step forward in English biography, especially More's ability to capture the essence of a scene with a single telling detail. He never finished it, probably because a few of Richard's key associates were still living. Manuscript copies circulated for decades and from the 1540s it began to appear in English histories, including Holinshed's "Chronicles" (1587) - the primary source for Shakespeare's play "Richard III". In 1515 More spent six months in Flanders as part of a delegation reviewing disputes over the wool trade, a task that gave him the leisure time to write Book II of "Utopia"; Book I was completed in London the following year. Erasmus supervised its original publication at Louvain. Written in Latin, it made More famous throughout Europe, though he would not allow it to be published in England during his lifetime. A dialogue in the book surely reveals him contemplating the efforts of Henry VIII and Cardinal Thomas Wolsey to secure his services at court, with its rewards and deadly intrigues. On the subject of statesmanship he reasoned, "You must not abandon the ship in a storm because you cannot control the winds...What you cannot turn to good, you must at least make as little bad as you can". In August 1517 More finally became a member of the Privy Council, enjoying remarkable royal favor for someone of common birth. From 1519 he was a vital intermediary between Wolsey and the king, accompanying both to the summit meeting between England and France at the Field of the Cloth of Gold (1520). He was knighted in 1521 for a successful diplomatic mission in Bruges, receiving land grants in Oxford and Kent as additional rewards. Among his many appointments were those of Under Treasurer of the Exchequer (1521 to 1525), Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1525 to 1529), and High Steward of Oxford and Cambridge Universities (from 1525). In 1523 More agreed to serve as Speaker of the House of Commons on condition that its Members were permitted freedom of speech, a landmark event in the history of Parliament. He capped his diplomatic career by helping negotiate the Treaty of Cambrai (1529), a truce between Francis I of France and the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, with benefits to English foreign trade. The onetime aspiring monk enjoyed the trappings of wealth, moving into a 34-acre estate along the River Thames in Chelsea. Later he built a private chapel at Chelsea Old Church, where he and his family worshipped. His patronage of the arts brought painter Hans Holbein the Younger to England in 1526, beginning an association that would yield some of the greatest portraits of the Tudor era, including the iconic 1527 likeness of More himself. At home he was both a quietly stern and affectionate patriarch. Most unusual for that era was his interest in women's education, an idea he first broached in "Utopia". He saw to it that his five daughters were as well-instructed in the classics as his son and insisted they correspond with him in Latin; his favorite child Margaret (he called her Meg) became the most learned Englishwoman of her day. To all he was known for a quick and ironic wit that never deserted him under any circumstances, causing humor-impaired observers to wonder if he took anything seriously. In the early Chelsea years King Henry liked to visit unannounced and he and More would chat for hours in the garden, his arm around More's shoulder in a privileged gesture of royal familiarity. Flattering as it appeared to others, More had no illusions about this "friendship". He confided to Margaret's husband William Roper, "If my head would win him a castle in France, it should not fail to go". In the end it was an epochal clash of religion and politics that brought him to that fate. More started out as a conservative Christian humanist, using humor and speculation in his writings to suggest the need for reform within the church. The freer-thinking Erasmus wrote his famous satire of monks and the papacy, "The Praise of Folly" (1509), for More's amusement, its Latin title "Moriae Encomium" being a pun on his name ("The Praise of More"). High-spirited ridicule of dense clergymen can be found in "Utopia" and in More's "Epigrammata" (1518). But in many respects he was still a Medieval man in his attitudes. He never wavered in his devout Catholicism, and the rise of the Protestant movement in the 1520s drove him to defend his faith with a reactionary zeal that some historians have characterized as a betrayal of his humanist principles. It began with Henry's repudiation of Martin Luther in his "Defence of the Seven Sacraments" (1521), allegedly written with More's help. When the Protestant leader fired back in a crudely insulting pamphlet, More replied on Henry's behalf with the even cruder "Response to Luther" (1523). More believed the only stabilizing influence in a splintered and constantly warring Europe was the Catholic hierarchy; for him Luther was a false prophet, the Reformation the Antichrist that threatened to plunge Western civilization into anarchy. He laid responsibility for the German Peasants' Revolt (1525 to 1526) at Luther's door. More went on to wage a polemical war against the exiled William Tyndale, the first translator of the Bible into English, in "A Dialogue Concerning Heresies" (1529) and the vast "Confutation of Tyndale's Answer" (1532); at root was the fear that making the Old and New Testaments available in the vernacular would lead to independent interpretations and the erosion of Catholic power. "The Supplication of Souls" (1529) brought him into conflict with Tyndale's ally Simon Fish and dissident priest John Frith. Filled with scorn and mounting hatred, these works show that More was not above using base propaganda methods to uphold the church. Thus in 1527, when Henry embarked on his "great matter" - his determination to annul his union with Catharine of Aragon, which had failed to produce a male heir, and marry Anne Boleyn - he and More were set on a collision course. Wolsey's failure to procure the annulment from the Holy See resulted in his dismissal on October 17, 1529, and on October 26 More was named new Lord Chancellor. The choice was surprising since More had told Henry he believed in Catherine's legitimacy as queen; perhaps it was felt that as a loyal servant he would eventually change his mind. He accepted the appointment primarily because he hoped to enact tougher laws against the spread of Lutheranism, unaware that the king's fury at the pope for standing in his way would open the floodgates of the English Reformation. Along with the outspoken Bishop of Rochester, John Fisher, More became the most visible leader of the English Catholic opposition. During his chancellorship six Protestants were burned at the stake as heretics and dozens more were arrested, some (including Fish) dying in prison; the fugitive Frith was seized on a warrant issued by More and put to death in 1533. He gloated over some of their deaths, calling one of the condemned, Thomas Hitton, "the devil's stinking martyr". In "The Apology of Sir Thomas More" (1533) he defended himself by stating he was duty-bound to enforce England's civil laws, including the use of capital punishment against religious dissidents, and emphatically denied rumors he tortured suspects under interrogation. But his actions and writings of the period are divisive subjects to this day. Not only was More swimming against the tide, his downfall had begun within weeks of his taking office. The first session of the Reformation Parliament (November 1529 to April 1536) initiated Henry's break from Rome. In 1530 More refused to sign a petition to have Pope Clement VII annul Henry's marriage, and the following year he asked to step down rather than take an oath declaring the king supreme head of the English church with the proviso "as far as the law of Christ allows". His request was denied. A formidable new enemy, the Reformist Thomas Cromwell, gained entry to the royal inner circle and began whittling away at the power of the bishops (and More) through Parliamentary bills, including limiting the persecution of Protestants. On May 15, 1532, the clergy yielded to Henry's demand that all religious law in England required royal consent. More resigned as Lord Chancellor the next day, citing a heart condition, unable to tolerate further incursions into Catholic authority. Aware that his position was now dangerous, he prepared himself and his family for the likelihood of his arrest. His first act on leaving office was to erect his intended tomb at Chelsea Old Church, its epitaph proudly noting that he was "troublesome to thieves, murderers and heretics". He did not actively seek martyrdom. He hoped to avoid the royal displeasure by keeping silent about Henry's 1533 annulment from Catherine and marriage to Anne, both performed in defiance of Rome by the accomodating new Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer, and for which Henry and Cranmer were excommunicated. But More's conspicuous absence at Anne's coronation was noted - he was too high-profile for so much as passive resistance to go unchecked. Cromwell hounded him with investigations and in February 1534 he was included in a bill of attainder for alleged complicity with the "Nun of Kent" Elizabeth Barton, who had predicted Henry's death and damnation for rejecting the papacy. More admitted interviewing Barton, then managed to escape the charges by producing a letter in which he warned her to keep out of state affairs. On March 23, 1534, Parliament passed the Act of Succession, which established the line of succession through the children of Queen Anne. It also required English subjects to take an oath vowing to uphold the Act and recognize the king's supremacy over "all foreign princes and potentates" (including the pope). Failure to do so when commanded was considered high treason. On April 13, More was summoned to Lambeth Palace to pledge his allegiance to the Act. After reading the texts he told the commission that while he accepted the right to declare Anne queen, he would not swear to the oath nor explain his refusal. He was remanded to the custody of the Abbot of Westminster and on April 17 was transported to the Tower of London, where Bishop John Fisher was already being held for taking the same stand. During his 15 months in prison he wrote his finest religious work, "A Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation" (1534), as well as letters to Margaret attempting to explain himself without incriminating either of them; she alone of his loved ones sympathized with his actions. That same period saw the passage of two laws that would lead directly to More's execution: the Act of Supremacy, which formally established Henry as head of the English Church, and the Treason Act, a blanket law that made mere criticism of the king's policies punishable by death. The latter was clearly intended to deal with men like More who posed obstacles to the Reformation. Cromwell visited him several times, demanding to know his thoughts on these acts and promising leniency if he cooperated; More continued to stonewall, saying he had given up "meddling" in worldly affairs and only wanted to lead a good Christian life. On June 22, 1535, John Fisher was executed. Days earlier the bishop had been found in possession of smuggled letters from More, and Solicitor General Richard Rich was sent to confiscate More's books and writing materials. On that occasion he and Rich had a seemingly casual discussion that would be manipulated into the principal charge against him. More was tried for treason at Westminster Hall on July 1, 1535. He had no chance of winning acquittal: the panel of judges included Anne Boleyn's father, brother, and uncle, and was led by new Lord Chancellor Thomas Audley, who would keep his head through utter subservience to Henry's will. The jury faced possible reprisals if they sided with the defendant. Nevertheless he conducted a brilliant defense, the culmination of 40 years' worth of legal experience and study. Visibly frail and wearing a long gray beard, More remained seated throughout but answered the charges in a firm voice. He had indeed, "according to the dictates of my conscience", expressed opposition to Henry's annulment and remarriage - as a private opinion the king had specifically asked for, which did not constitute treason. To lie under the circumstances would have been a greater sin to both God and sovereign, he maintained. On his failure to swear the oath recognizing the king as leader of the English Church, the judges asserted that More's refusal to divulge his motives was proof of malicious intent. "No law in the world can punish any man for his silence", More countered, citing benefit of the doubt through the legal maxim "qui tacet consentire videtur" ("who is silent is seen to consent"). The third count alleged that in his prison correspondence with Fisher, More tried to persuade the bishop to violate the Treason Act. The letters could not be entered as evidence (it was claimed Fisher had burned them), enabling More to refute the charge as false hearsay. The court then called Richard Rich, who testified that during their conversation in the Tower More had in fact denied Henry as head of the church. Rich had previously sealed Fisher's doom by persuading him, under false pretenses, to give his honest opinion on the Act of Supremacy, but it is unlikely More would have fallen into the same trap. The accused told the panel he shared his thoughts on the matter with no one and would certainly not have done so with Rich, whom he described as having a reputation for low moral character. If the Solicitor General's account was true, he added, "then I pray I may never see God's face". The two men who accompanied Rich to the Tower were called to corroborate his testimony, but both insisted they were too busy removing More's possessions to hear what was being said. With that, the case was handed over to the jury. They returned with a guilty verdict in 15 minutes. Before sentence was passed More reminded the court that he was entitled to a final "arrest of judgement" statement, and with nothing left to lose he spoke his mind at last, challenging the legality of the proceedings. He stated that his indictment was grounded on a law "directly oppugnant to God". No "temporal prince" could usurp religious leadership from the See of Rome, and Parliament had no right to enact legislation that conflicted with the laws of "Christ's universal Catholic Church". He also explained how provisions in the Succession and Treason Acts negated centuries of English legal precendent, including the Magna Carta. When Audley asked how he alone could defy what "the best learned of this realm" had agreed to support, More replied that outside of England the view would be the opposite. "I am not bound, my lord, to conform my conscience to the council of one realm against the General Council of Christendom". He concluded, "I shall pray heartily that though your lordships have now here on Earth been judges of my condemnation, we may yet hereafter in heaven merrily all meet together to everlasting salvation". More was sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn, the punishment for commoners convicted of treason. Henry commuted the sentence to beheading, supposedly in gratitude for his years of loyal service; he also commanded that the prisoner "not use many words" on the scaffold. The execution took place at London's Tower Hill on July 6, 1535. Before the axe fell More implored the spectators to bear witness that he died "the king's good servant, and God's first". His body was unceremoniously buried beneath the floor of the nearby Chapel of Saint Peter ad Vincula, to rest with other victims of Henry's wrath (soon to include Anne Boleyn and Thomas Cromwell). More's head was displayed on a pike above London Bridge for a month before Margaret Roper clandestinely rescued it from being tossed into the Thames. When she died in 1544 the skull was buried with her at Chelsea Old Church, in the tomb More had wished to occupy; the remains of both were later reinterred in the Roper Vault at St. Dunstan's Church in Canterbury. News of More's death shocked Continental Europe, where he was regarded as a foremost intellectual. Charles V told the English ambassador, "If I had been master of such a servant...I would rather have lost the best city in my dominions than lose such a worthy councilor". His reputation remained high in England over the backlash of the evangelicals he fought against; even his enemies did not appear to believe he was a traitor, tacitly acknowledging that his execution was an act of judicial murder. Protestant polemicist John Foxe demonized him as "a bitter persecutor of good men" in his "Book of Martyrs" (1563) but granted that in matters outside of religion he was "in degree worshipful, in place superior, in wit and learning singular...a man with many worthy ornaments beautified". Anglican author Jonathan Swift called More "a person of the greatest virtue this kingdom ever produced" for sacrificing his life for his beliefs. More and Fisher were beatified by Pope Leo XIII in 1886, and in 1935 they were canonized by Pope Pius XI, with a feast day on June 22. In 1980 the Church of England recognized More as a "Reformation martyr" and included him in its Calendar of Saints (July 6). A 1999 poll from the Law Society of Great Britain voted him "Lawyer of the Millenium" over Abraham Lincoln, Mohandas Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. Having already been named patron saint of attorneys, More was declared "the heavenly patron of statesmen and politics" by Pope John Paul II in 2000. His depictions in popular culture have veered wildly over the last 50 years, from the idealized hero of conscience in Robert Bolt's 1960 play "A Man for All Seasons" (and its 1966 film adaptation), to the perverted religious fanatic in Hilary Mantel's historical novel "Wolf Hall" (2009), reflecting the trend of revisionist biographers who see him in a darker light. More was certainly a complex, contradictory man. The same can be said for his masterpiece "Utopia", a work that spawned two literary genres and has influenced political and philosophical thought for centuries. In this imaginative quest for the best possible form of government, More coined the term "Utopia" by combining two Greek words that together mean "no place". His models were Plato's "Republic" (c. 380 BC) and the New World adventures chronicled in "The Four Voyages of Amerigo Vespucci" (published 1507). The setting is Antwerp during More's 1515 stay in the Low Countries, and the author is a main character. In Book I he meets veteran traveller Raphael Hythloday, whose exploits include sailing with Vespucci on his last voyage. Hythloday's surname translates as "dealer in nonsense", but he impresses More with his insightful criticisms of the many ills and injustices of European society (England in particular). When More urges him to use his knowledge to benefit mankind by serving as advisor to a monarch, he claims he lacks diplomatic skills and that royal courts are too corrupt to listen to him anyway. He then mentions that he has discovered the ideal commonwealth on a remote island in the Western Hemisphere, and in Book II he describes it in great detail. The nation of Utopia is an intricate form of democracy consisting of 54 cities, each ruled by an elected offical called a Prince; this is a lifetime position, but the leader can be voted out of office for abuse of power. Money and private property are unknown as all material needs are supplied for free by the state. It has six-hour workdays, universal healthcare and education, and almost complete religious freedom (atheists are rather grudgingly tolerated). Utopians view war as immoral and hire mercenaries to do their necessary fighting for them. Citizens are required to spend two years working on communal farms for a fair share of agricultural labor; after that they are given employment best suited to their abilities. Engaged couples are allowed to see each other naked to get a better idea of who they are going to spend the rest of their lives with, and consensual divorce for incompatibility is permitted. Euthanasia is a legal option. There are no locked doors, no poverty or hunger, no violent crime. Most tantalizing of all, there are no lawyers, the laws being few and simple enough for the layman to understand. But Utopia is not as ideal as Hythloday insists we believe. It is a severely regimented society with little privacy or individual freedom. Everyone wears the same clothes, eats the same food, lives in identical housing. Families are periodically reassigned living quarters to prevent them from gaining roots in one place, or are relocated to other parts of the island to keep the populations of its cities as equal as possible. The few opportunities for personal choice, such as dining at home instead of at a communal hall, are socially frowned on. There are no taverns or "secret meeting places" to indulge bad habits or ideas. And while the people have much more leisure time the place seems dreadfully dull. Hythloday rationalizes such enforced conformity because in Utopia the negative impulses of human nature are controlled for the common good; he claims the Utopians are contented. In the end More is skeptical. He admits he would like to see certain elements of Utopia implemented in England, but doubts it will ever happen. The insoluble enigma of "Utopia" is More's own viewpoint. Did he intend it a serious political manifesto? A satire? A cunning plea for a Catholic theocracy? Nothing in the book can be taken at face value, but the concept of Utopia was so convincingly presented that attempts to reproduce it in life and art began during More's lifetime. The first communities based on utopian principals were founded in Mexico (then part of New Spain) in the early 1530s by Catholic bishop and jurist Vasco de Quiroga, as a means of converting the indigenous population to Christianity and a Spanish way of life. More's book also influenced pioneer socialists Henri de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, and Robert Owen, whose theories led to the founding of several short-lived utopian villages in the American Midwest during the mid-1800s. Such experiments were rejected as impractical by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in "The Communist Manifesto" (1848), in which they introduced the term "Utopian socialism" to distinguish lofty speculation on socialist ideals from their own "scientific socialism", which advocated revolutionary action. The 20th Century Israeli kibbutz successfully originated in utopian organization. In the world of letters the book's progress was steadier. It was translated into German (1524), Italian (1548), French (1550), English (by Ralph Robinson, 1551), Dutch (1553), and Spanish (1637), while the word "utopia" itself entered standard usage in those languages. In 1532 the French satirist Rabelais referred to the Utopians in the first volume of his "Gargantua and Pantagruel", and in the 17th Century writers began to foster utopian literature by creating their own fictional commonwealths. Notable among these are Tommaso Campanella's "The City of the Sun" (1623), Francis Bacon's "The New Atlantis" (1624), Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward" (1888), and William Morris' "News from Nowhere" (1891). Swift's classic "Gulliver's Travels" (1726) presents a series of satirical Utopias; H. G. Wells explored the theme in several books, among them "The Time Machine" (1895), "A Modern Utopia" (1905), and "The Shape of Things to Come" (1933). In 1868 John Stuart Mill invented the term "dystopia" ("bad place") to describe nightmare visions of the future, though as a genre it did not become prevalent until the 20th Century, spurred by two world wars and the rise of Communism. Key examples of dystopian fiction include Yevgeny Zamyatin's "We" (1924), Aldous Huxley's "Brave New World" (1932), George Orwell's "1984" (1949), Ray Bradbury's "Fahrenheit 451" (1953), Anthony Burgess' "A Clockwork Orange" (1962), Ursula K. Le Guin's "The Lathe of Heaven" (1971), and Margaret Atwood's "The Handmaid's Tale" (1985). Many works of science fiction in different media employ the utopian or dystopian forms.
Bio by: Bobb Edwards
________________________________________
Family Members
Parents
John More 1451-1530
Agnes Graunger More unknown-1499
Spouses
•
Jane Colt More 1478-1511 (m. 1505)
Alice Harpur More 1474-1551 (m. 1511)
Children
•
John More unknown-1547
Margaret More Roper 1505-1544
JOAN COLT was born 7 March 1480, Tyrone, Ireland, to John Colt of Essex (1464-1521) and Elizabeth Eldrington (1455-1509.) She married Saint Thomas More in January 1505, Roydon, Essex, England.
Joan Colt passed away about 1511 of Chelsea, Greater London, England, age 31.
Joan Colt wife of Thomas More
More Family
Marriage of Jane and Thomas More
Posted 18 Apr 2017 by NWhisenant13
"His choice was Jane Colt, the eldest daughter of a gentleman farmer. His son-in-law William Roper, whose biography of More is one of the first biographies ever written, tells us that More chose his wife out of pity: “[A]lbeit his mind most served him to the second daughter, for that he thought her the fairest and best favored, yet when he considered that it would be great grief and some shame also to the eldest to see her younger sister preferred before her in marriage, he then, of a certain pity, framed his fancy towards” Jane. True or not, the marriage proved to be happy and fruitful, though of brief duration. After bearing More three daughters (Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely) and one son (John), Jane died in 1511. More later memorialized her as “uxorcula Thomae Mori”; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmus’s letters, as he was a frequent visitor to More’s home. The two men had first met in 1497 and remained close friends until More’s death.
"More’s wife had been – like most women of her time – ill-educated, and during their brief marriage, he taught her Latin and other subjects. She was an apt enough pupil to later converse with visitors in Latin. And More determined that their daughters would receive the same education as their son. The symbolism and importance of this decision cannot be underestimated. More’s eldest daughter Margaret would become the first non-royal Englishwoman to publish a work in translation."
Source: Internet, Sir Thomas More: Biography, Facts and Information (https://englishhistory.net/tudor/citizens/sir-thomas-more/)
More married Jane Colt in 1505.[12]:118 Erasmus reported that More wanted to give his young wife a better education than she had previously received at home, and tutored her in music and literature.[12]:119 The couple had four children before Jane died in 1511: Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely, and John.[12]:132
Jane Colt was the first wife of Sir Thomas More. It was throgh her that it is said that he received most of his land. Her father was among the wealthy landed gentry in England at the time.
Wikitree:
For a discussion of Jane/Joan's name see Germain Marc'hadour, More's first wife... Jane? or Joan?[1]
Nether Hall, Near Roydon, Essex, England
Jane Colt More
BIRTH 1489
DEATH 1511 (aged 21–22)
BURIAL All Saints Churchyard
Chelsea, Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, Greater London, England
I 1489
Family Members
Parents
•
John Colt unknown-1521
Elizabeth Eldrington Colt
Spouses
•
Thomas More 1478-1535 (m. 1505)
Children
•
John More unknown-1547
Margaret More Roper 1505-1544
________________________________________
Inscription
Sir Thomas More’s first loving wife lies here
For Alice and myself this tomb I rear.
By Joan I had three daughters and one son
Before my prime or vig’rous strength was gone.
To them such love was Alice shown
In stepmothers, a virtue rarely known.
The world believed the children were her own
Such is Alicia, such Joanna was.
It’s hard to judge which was the happier choice:
If piety of Fate our prayers could grant,
To join us three, we should no blessings want.
One grave shall hold us, yet in heaven we’ll live.
And Death grants that which Life could never give.
Gravesite Details Originally buried at Northaw, Hertfordshire, she was reinterred in the new chapel her husband had constructed in Chelsea Old Church.
Children of Saint Thomas More and Joan Colt:
1. Edward Moore (1500-1615)
2. Margaret More (1505-1545)
3. Edward More (1505-)
4. Elizabeth More (1506-1564)
5. Cecilia Moore (1507-)
6. Elizabeth More (1508-)
7. *JOHN THOMAS MORE I (1509-1547)
8. Louisa More (1509-)
9. John More (1510-1547)
+
6.a. SIR JOHN MORE (1451-1530)
6.a.7. LADY AGNES GRAUNGER (1455-1499)
SIR JOHN MORE was born about 1451 of Cripplegate, London, England, to William De More (1420-1469) and Margaret Brenchley (1420-1463.) He married Agnes Graunger 24 April 1474, London St. Giles without Cripplegate, England.
John More died 5 November 1530, St. Mildred, Poultry, London, England, age 79.
John More was a lawyer and a judge; Knighted by Henvy VIII in 1518. Judge in the Court of the King’s Bench.
John More (judge)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sir
John More
Sir John More, aged 76, from "Study for a portrait of Thomas More's family", c. 1527, by Hans Holbein the Younger
Born c. 1451
Died November 1530
Spouse(s) Agnes Graunger
Joan Marshall
Joan Bowes
Alice More
Children 6, including Sir Thomas More
John More, detail from a Holbein's sketch for the More family portrait
Sir John More (c.1451–1530) was an English lawyer and judge. He was the father of Thomas More, Henry VIII's Lord Chancellor.[1]
Contents
• 1Family
• 2Career
• 3Marriages and issue
• 4Footnotes
• 5References
• 6External links
Family[edit]
More was the son of William More (d. 1467), a London baker, and Joanna Joye, daughter and heir of a London brewer, John Joye, and granddaughter and heir of a London Chancery clerk, John Leycester.[2]
Career[edit]
More entered Lincoln's Inn in either 1470 or 1475, was called to be a Serjeant-at-law in 1503, a Justice of Assize in 1513, a Justice of the Common Pleas in 1518, and finally to the King's Bench in 1520, where he remained until his death.[3]
More inherited the manor of Gobions in North Mymms, Hertfordshire, and tenements in London, and purchased additional land in Hertfordshire.[4] He was given permission to bear a coat of arms, during Edward IV's reign.[5] He also helped to fund his son-in-law John Rastell's attempt to reach and settle the New World in 1517, which got only as far as Waterford before the sailors abandoned Rastell and sold his cargo.[citation needed]
More made his will on 26 February 1527, naming his son, Sir Thomas More, as one of his executors and requesting burial in the church of St Lawrence Jewry. The will, proved 5 November 1530, included provision for prayers for the souls of family members and for the soul of King Edward IV.[6]
Marriages and issue[edit]
On 24 April 1474, at St Giles-without-Cripplegate, More married Agnes Graunger (d.1499), the daughter of Thomas Graunger, a London tallow-chandler[7] and alderman,[8] by whom he had three sons and three daughters:[9]
• Joanna More, born 11 March 1475, who married Richard Staverton, a lawyer of Lincoln's Inn.
• Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478–6 July 1535).[10]
• Agatha More, born 1479, died young.
• John More, born 6 June 1480, died young.[11]
• Edward More, born 1481, died young.
• Elizabeth More, born 22 September 1482, who married the printer, John Rastell (1475-1536).
After his first wife's death in about 1499, More married secondly, Joan (d.1505), the widow of John Marshall, mercer; thirdly Joan (d.1520), the widow of another London mercer, Thomas Bowes; and fourthly Alice More, the sister of Sir Christopher More of Loseley, Surrey, and widow of William Huntingdon of Exeter and of John Clerke. Alice survived him and died at North Mymms in 1545.[12]
Sir John More
BIRTH 1451
DEATH 5 Nov 1530 (aged 78–79)
BURIAL St Lawrence Jewry Churchyard
London, City of London, Greater London, England
BIRTH 1451
Sergeant-at-law. Justice of Assize, 1513. Justice of the Common Pleas, 1518. Justice of the King's Bench, 1520.
Married Agnes Graunger at St Giles-without-Cripplegate, April 24, 1474.
________________________________________
Family Members
Parents
•
William More unknown-1467
Spouses
•
Agnes Graunger More unknown-1499 (m. 1474)
Alice More More unknown-1545
Children
Thomas More 1478-1535
• S ir John More (c.1451–1530) was a London lawyer and later judge, notable for being the father of Thomas More, Henry VIII's Lord Chancellor.[1]
Family
More was the son of William More (d. 1467), a London baker, and Joanna Joye, daughter and heir of a London brewer, John Joye, and granddaughter and heir of a London Chancery clerk, John Leycester.[2]
Career
More entered Lincoln's Inn in either 1470 or 1475, was called to be a Serjeant-at-law in 1503, a Justice of Assize in 1513, a Justice of the Common Pleas in 1518, and finally to the King's Bench in 1520, where he remained until his death.[3]
More inherited the manor of Gobions in North Mymms, Hertfordshire, and tenements in London, and purchased additional land in Hertfordshire.[4] He was given permission to bear a coat of arms, during Edward IV's reign.[5] He also helped to fund his son-in-law John Rastell's dismal attempt to reach and settle the New World in 1517, which got only as far as Waterford before the sailors abandoned Rastell and sold his cargo.
More made his will on 26 February 1527, naming his son, Sir Thomas More, as one of his executors and requesting burial in the church of St Lawrence Jewry. The will, proved 5 November 1530, included provision for prayers for the souls of family members and for the soul of King Edward IV.[6]
Marriages and issue
On 24 April 1474, at St Giles-without-Cripplegate, More married Agnes Graunger (d.1499), the daughter of Thomas Graunger, a London tallow-chandler[7] and alderman,[8] by whom he had three sons and three daughters:[9]
• Joanna More, born 11 March 1475, who married Richard Staverton, a lawyer of Lincoln's Inn.
• Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478–6 July 1535).[10]
• Agatha More, born 1479, died young.
• John More, born 6 June 1480, died young.[11]
• Edward More, born 1481, died young.
• Elizabeth More, born 22 September 1482, who married the printer, John Rastell (1475-1536).
After his first wife's death in about 1499, More married secondly, Joan (d.1505), the widow of John Marshall, mercer; thirdly Joan (d.1520), the widow of another London mercer, Thomas Bowes; and fourthly Alice More, the sister of Sir Christopher More of Loseley, Surrey, and widow of William Huntingdon of Exeter and of John Clerke. More's widow, Alice, survived him, and died at North Mymms in 1545..
LADY AGNES GRAUNGER was born about 1455 of London, Middlesex, England, to Thomas Hanscom Graunger (1425-1503) and Lady Margaret Hanscombe Sweetehanam (1425-1503.) She married Sir John More 24 April 1474, London, England.
Agnes Graunger passed away about 1499 of London, England, age 44.
Cripplegate, London, Middlesex, England
Agnes Graunger More
BI
BIRTH unknown
DEATH 1499
BURIAL St Michael Bassishaw Crooked Lane
London, City of London, Greater London, England
unknown
DEATH 1499
Family Members
Spouse
John More 1451-1530 (m. 1474)
Children
Thomas More 14787-1535
Source The Life of Thomas More
Agnes Graunger herself died young, although the cause and circumstances of her death are unknown. Her last child was born in the autumn of 1482, and it is possible that she died in the great epidemic of sweating sickness which visited London three years later. But, in a volume entitled Ancient Funerall Monuments, there is a description of a tomb in St Michael Basings Hall, in the ward of Coleman Street; the Latin epitaph upon it commemorates an Agnes More who died in 1499.
Children of Sir John More and Agnes Graunger:
1. Joanne More (1475-1542)
2. Edward More (1477-1535)
3. *SAINT THOMAS MORE (1478-1535) (Beheaded for Religious Treason)
4. Agatha More (1479-1487)
5. John More (1480-1550)
6. Edward More (1481-)
7. Elizabeth More (1482-1538)
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6.a. WILLIAM DE MORE (1420-1469) \\
MARGARET BRENCHLEY (1420-1463) \\
WILLIAM DE MORE was born about 1420 of London, Middlesex, England, to John Tannister Moore (1381-1461_ and Amicia/Armicia Unknown (1392-1476.) He married (1) Joan Lancaster 1534; (2) *Margaret Brenchley.
William De More died about 1469 of London, England, age 49.
He was a baker; Lancastrian Soldier from 1455-1487, Wars of the Roses.
Baker of London
Cripplegate, London, Middlesex, England
London, Middlesex, England
MARGARET BRENCHLEY was born about 1420 of Kent, England, to Lord John Brenchley (1389-) and Margaret Golding (1400-1446.) She married William De More.
Margaret Brenchley passed away about 1463 of Ivychurch, Kent, England, age 43.
The Old Manor House Benenden Kent
Child of William De More and Margaret Brenchley:
1. *SIR JOHN MORE (1451-1530)
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6.a.1. THOMAS HUNTER (1590-1627)
6.a.1.a. SUSANNA GENTLEMAN (1593-1675) NE 1635
THOMAS HUNTER was born about 1590 of Southwold, Suffolk, England, to Thomas Hunter (1556-1611) and Unknown. He married (1) Margaret Cooper 17 January 1603, Southwold, Suffolk, England; (2) *Susanna Gentleman 2 Jan 1614, Southwold, Suffolk, England.
Thomas Hunter died about 14 December 1627, Southwold, Suffolk, England, age 37.
Thomas HUNTER 1 was born 1590 in Southwold, Suffolk, England. He died 1626 in Southwold, Suffolk, England. Thomas married Susan GENTLEMAN on 2 Jan 1615 in Southwold, Suffolk, England.
Susan GENTLEMAN 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 was born 1597 in Southwold, Suffolk, England. She died after 14 Feb 1676. Susan married Thomas HUNTER on 2 Jan 1615 in Southwold, Suffolk, England.
Other marriages:
HOLLINGSWORTH, Richard
They had the following children:
FiChristian HUNTER was christened 13 Aug 1615 and died 18 Mar 1676. FiiElizabeth HUNTER was christened 16 Nov 1617 and died Nov 1689. MiiiThomas HUNTER 1, 2, 3 was christened 4 May 1620 in Southwold, Suffolk, England. He died 1647 in At Sea. MivWilliam HUNTER was christened 23 Nov 1623 and died Sep 1667.
________________________________________
WIKITREE:
• Fact: LifeSketch THOMAS HUNTER, Mariner, was born about 1589 of Southwold, Suffolk, England, to Thomas Hunter(-1611) and Unknown. (1) One child from one relationship; (2) *He married Susanna Gentleman 2 January 1614, Southwold, Suffolk, England.
Thomas HUNTER 1 was born 1590 in Southwold, Suffolk, England. He died 1626 in Southwold, Suffolk, England. Thomas married Susan GENTLEMAN on 2 Jan 1615 in Southwold, Suffolk, England.
Susan GENTLEMAN 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 was born 1597 in Southwold, Suffolk, England. She died after 14 Feb 1676. Susan married Thomas HUNTER on 2 Jan 1615 in Southwold, Suffolk, England.
Other marriages:
HOLLINGSWORTH, Richard
They had the following children: FiChristian HUNTER was christened 13 Aug 1615 and died 18 Mar 1676. FiiElizabeth HUNTER was christened 16 Nov 1617 and died Nov 1689. MiiiThomas HUNTER 1, 2, 3 was christened 4 May 1620 in Southwold, Suffolk, England. He died 1647 in At Sea. MivWilliam HUNTER.
[1635, Blessing] SUSANNA GENTLEMAN was christened 29 July 1593, Groton, Suffolk, England. Her parents were Richard Gentylleman (1573-) and Elizabeth Barton (1570-.) She married (1) *Thomas Hunter 2 January 1614, Southwold, Suffolk, England; (2) Richard Hollingsworth, 14 December 1627, Southwold, Suffolk, England.
Susanna Gentleman passed away after 12 December 1675, Salisbury, Essex, Massachusetts, age 82.
Susanna Gentleman arrived in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts in 1635, on The Blessing, along with her second husband Richard Hollingsworth, age 40; children: Christian Hunter age 20, Elizabeth Hunter age 18, Thomas Hunter age 14, William Hunger age 11; and William Hollingsworth age 7, Richard Hollingsworth age 4, Elizabeth Hollingsworth age 3, and Susan Hollingsworth 2. The family arrived in with a good estate, and her husband was a builder of vessels (shipwright.)
Susan Hollingworth came to Massachusetts aboard the ship "Blessing" in 1635 with her children by William Hunter (Christian, Elizabeth, Thomas and William) and her 2nd husband Richard Hollingworth (father of William, Richard, Susan and Elizabeth).
The Hunter boys were Thomas age 14 and William, aged 11. Their sisters were Christian aged 20 and Elizabeth aged 18. The Hollingworth children were William aged 7, Richard aged 4, Elizabeth aged 3, and Susan aged 2. It is uncertain if the Hollingworth children were all Susan's offspring or if some of them may have been Richard's from a previous marriage.
The ship's passenger list identifies Susan as being only 30, which would have made her only 10 when Christian was born. It is thought that her real age was probably 39 (with the 9 looking like a zero when transcribed). It is assumed that William Hunter Sr. had died and that Susan remarried Richard, who brought the family with 8 children to America.
The citations for ship passengers on the Blessing were transcribed by the Winthrop Society and appear on its website at: http://www.winthropsociety.com/ships/blessing.htm
WIKITREE:
1635, Jul: Came to Massachusetts on the "Blessing"[1]
• Fact: Life Sketch THOMAS HUNTER, Mariner, was born about 1589 of Southwold, Suffolk, England, to Thomas Hunter(-1611) and Unknown. (1) One child from one relationship; (2) *He married Susanna Gentleman 2 January 1614, Southwold, Suffolk, England.
Thomas Hunter died before 14 December 1627, of Southwold, Suffolk, England, age 38.
Thomas HUNTER 1 was born 1590 in Southwold, Suffolk, England. He died 1626 in Southwold, Suffolk, England. Thomas married Susan GENTLEMAN on 2 Jan 1615 in Southwold, Suffolk, England. Susan GENTLEMAN 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 was born 1597 in Southwold, Suffolk, England. She died after 14 Feb 1676. Susan married Thomas HUNTER on 2 Jan 1615 in Southwold, Suffolk, England.
Other marriages:
HOLLINGSWORTH, Richard
They had the following children: FiChristian HUNTER was christened 13 Aug 1615 and died 18 Mar 1676. FiiElizabeth HUNTER was christened 16 Nov 1617 and died Nov 1689. MiiiThomas HUNTER 1, 2, 3 was christened 4 May 1620 in Southwold, Suffolk, England. He died 1647 in At Sea. MivWilliam HUNTER was christened 23
SUSANNA GENTLEMAN was born 29 July 1594, in Groton, Suffolk, England, to Richard Gentylleman (1573-) and Elizabeth Burton (1571-.) She married (1) *Thomas Hunter, 2 January 1614, Southwold; (2) Richard Hollingsworth, of Southwold (aka Holland Shipwright) after Thomas death 14 December 1627; about 1627.
Susanna Gentleman arrived in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts in 1635, on The Blessing, along with her second husband Richard Hollingsworth, age 40; children: Christian Hunter age 20, Elizabeth Hunter age 18, Thomas Hunter age 14, William Hunger age 11; and William Hollingsworth age 7, Richard Hollingsworth age 4, Elizabeth Hollingsworth age 3, and Susan Hollingsworth 2. The family arrived in with a good estate, and her husband was a builder of vessels (shipwright.)
Susanna Gentleman passed away 12 December 1675, Salem, Massachusetts, age of England, age 81.
Children of Thomas Hunter and Susanna Gentleman:
1. *CHRISTIAN HUNTER (1615-1676)
2. Elizabeth Hunter (1617-1689)
3. Thomas Hunter (1620-1647)
4. William Hunter (1623-)
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6.a.1. THOMAS HUNTER (1556-1611) \\
UNKNOWN \\
THOMAS HUNTER was born about 1556 of Suffolk, England, to unknown parents. He married unknown.
Thomas Hunter died 15 November 1611, Southwold, Suffolk, England, age 55.
He was a mariner.
Child of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Hunter:
1. *THOMAS HUNTER (1590-1627)
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6.a.2. JASPER MORE (1547-1614)
6.a.2.a. ELIZABETH SMALLEY (1552-1627)
JASPER MORE was christened 31 October 1547, Shipton, Shropshire, England. His parents were Thomas More (1520-1566) and Margaret Cressett (1510-.) He married Elizabeth Smalley 31 January 1572, Shropshire, England.
Jasper More died 27 January 1614, Larden Hall, Shipton, Shropshire, England, age 67.
Larden Hall, Shipton, Shropshire, England
Wikitree:
Jasper More[1] was the son of Thomas More, Esq., of Larden, Shropshire, and Margaret Cressett, daughter of Richard Cressett, Esq., of Upton Cressett, Shropshire.[2]
Jasper married on 31 January 1572/3 to Elizabeth Smale,[1] daughter of Nicholas Smale of London, clothmaker.[2] They had three sons and six daughters:
• Richard,[1][2] son and heir[3]
• John[1][2][3]
• Walter,[1][2] third son[3]
• Eleanor,[3] wife of _____ Lee[1][2]
• Jane,[2][3] wife of John Gresley[1]
• Elizabeth,[2][3] wife of John Hill[1]
• Bridget,[2][3] wife of Robert Harris[1]
• Katherine[1][2][3]
• Mary,[3] wife of Thomas Trout[2] and Andreas Adams[1]
Jasper More's will dated 27 March 1611, in which he requested his burial at Shipton, was proved 25 May 1614. His widow, Elizabeth, was still living in 1620.[2]
Research Notes
Previously attached to bio was the following: He is said to have been born on 31 October 1547.[citation needed]
ELIZABETH SMALLEY was born about 1552 of London, England, to Nicholas Small (1510-1565) and Jane Pemberton (1518-1602.) She married Jasper More 31 January 1572, Shropshire, England.
Elizabeth Smalley passed away about 12 June 1627, England, age 75.
WIKITREE:
Elizabeth Small (or Smalle), daughter of Nicholas Smalley and Jane Pemberton, married Jasper More, Esq. 31 Jan. 1572/3. [1] They had three sons, Richard, John, and Walter, and six daughters, Eleanor (wife of Rev. Lawrence Lee), Jane (wife of John Gresley), Elizabeth (wife of John Hill), Bridget, wife of Robert Harris), Katherine, and Mary (wife of Andreas Adams and Thomas Trout). [2] She was buried at Whittington, Shropshire 12 June 1627.
Children of Jasper More and Elizabeth Smalley:
1. Elinor Moore (1575-)
2. Richard Moore (1577-)
3. Jane Moore (1578-)
4. John Moore (1579-)
5. Elizabeth Moore (1580-)
6. Maria Moore (1581-1634)
7. Mary Moore (1582-)
8. Bridget Moore (1584-)
9. *KATHERINE More (1586-1623)
10. Walter Moore (1588-1590)
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6.a.2. THOMAS MORE ESQ. (1520-1566) \\
6.a.2.b. LADY MARGARET CRESSETT (1510-)
THOMAS MORE ESQ. was born about 1520 of Shropshire, England, to William More (1440-1500) and Elizabeth Berkeley (deceased.) He married Margaret Cressett about 1545 of England.
Thomas More died before 28 February 1566, of Shipton, Shropshire, England, age 46.
WIKITREE:
Thomas More, Esq. married Margaret Cressett and they had four sons, Jasper, Esq., Richard, Charles and Edward, and three daughters, Joan (or Jane), Mary (wife of Andrew Adams), and Eleanor.[1]
Thomas More, Esq., was buried at Shipton, Shropshire, England, 29 Feb 1566. [2]
LADY MARGARET CRESSET was born about 1510 of Upton Cressett, Shropshire, England, to unknown parents. She married Thomas More.
Margaret Cressett died at unknown date.
WIKITREE:
Margaret Cressett was the daughter of Richard Cressett, Esq., of Upper Cressett, Shropshire, and Joan Wrottesley.[1] Her date and place of birth are unknown and are estimated.
Margaret married Thomas More, Esq., of Larden, Shropshire[1] date and place unknown. They had four sons and three daughters.
• Jasper, Esq.,[2] married Elizabeth Smale and had seven children; died before 25 May 1614[1]
• Richard[1][2]
• Charles[1][2]
• Edward[1][2]
• Joan (or Jane)[1][2]
• Mary, wife of Andrew Adams[1][2]
• Eleanor[1][2]
Margaret's date and place of death are not known.
Child of Thomas More and Margaret Cressett:
1. *JASPER MORE (1547-1614)
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6.a.2. WILLIAM MORE (1440-1500) \\
ELIZABETH BERKELEY DECEASED \\
WILLIAM MORE was born about 1440 of Larden, Shropshire, England, to unknown parents. He married Elizabeth Berkeley.
William More died about 1500 of England, age 60.
ELIZABETH BERKELEY was born and died at unknown dates. Her parents are unknown. She married William More.
Child of William More and Elizabeth Berkeley:
1. THOMAS MORE (1520-1566)
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6.a.3. RICHARD HARRIS (1530-1598) \\
ANNE GENO (1530-) \\
RICHARD HARRIS was born about 1530 of Condover, Shropshire, England, to Unknown parents. He married Anne Geno.
Richard Harris died 21 September 1598, England, age 68.
ANNE GENO was born about 1530 of Shropshire, England, to unknown parents. She married Richard Harris.
Anne Geno died at unknown date in England.
Children of Richard Harris and Anne Geno:
1. Ursula Harris (1550-)
2. *SARAH HARRIS (1570-)
+
6.a.4. SIMON KEMSEY (1530-) \\
6.a.4.a. KATHERINE JENNINGS (1535-)
SIMON KEMSEY was born about 1530 of England to unknown parents. He married Katherine Jennings.
Simon Kemsey died at unknown date.
KATHERINE JENNINGS was born about 1535 of Welleborne, Shropshire, England, to Thomas Jennings (1505-) and Katherine Oteley (1511-.) She married Simon Kemsey.
Katherine Jennings died at unknown date.
Child of Simon Kemsey aned Katherine Jennings:
1. *LUCY KEMSEY (1550-1607)
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6.a.5. EDWARD CRESACRE (1485-1512)
6.a.5.a. JANE BASSET (1488-1512)
EDWARD CRESACRE was born about 1485 of Fledborough, Nottinghamshire, England, to John Cresacre (1455-1508) and Margaret Hastings (1464-1513.) He married Jane Basset about 1509 of Yorkshire, England.
Edward Cresacre died about 1512 of York, Yorkshire, England, age 27.
Wikitree:
Edward is son of John Cresacre and Margaret Hastings. When he died in 1512, his infant daughter Ann was orphaned, and she became a ward of the Thomas More family.[1]
Bio material is available on his parents profiles. The ancestry thru the Hastings includes, a great deal of Nobility and Royalty, through, Gascoigne, Stafford, Pole, Percy, Vourtenay, it touches many MC Barons. Through Despenser, Clare, and Audley it reaches Plantagenet Royalty. Spouse Jane Basset ancestry has very significant pedigree, thru Elizabeth Dunham there are families of Zouche, Bruce, Stafford, Plantagenet, Neville
Edward Cresacre
BIBIRTH1485DEATH1512 (aged 26–27)BURIAL
St. Peter's Churchyard
Barnburgh, Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, EnglandMEMORIAL ID150128289 · View Source RTH 1485
DEATH 1512 (aged 26–27)
Family Members
Parents
•
John Cresacre unknown-1501
Children
Anne Cresacre West 1510-1577
JANE BASSET was born about 1488 of Fledborough, Nottinghamshire, England, to Sir Richard Basset (1455-1544) and Elizabeth Dunham (1473-1541.) She married Edward Cresacre about 1509 of Yorkshire, England.
Jane Basset passed away about 1512 of Cresacre, Yorkshire, England, age 24.
Wikitree:
Notes from rootsweb SGM (2007);[1] According to the Bassett Pedigree in Thoroton's Nottinghamshire (first published 1677 and Edited and enlarged 1790-1798) Jane Bassett (who married Edward Cresacre) was the daughter of Sir Richard Basset of Fledburg and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of John Dunham Esq. (Fledburg was sometimes anciently written Fletburgh, and now written Fledborough)
Sir Richard Basset is given as the son of Thomas Basset (age 34 in 1478) and his wife Margery, daughter of William Mering (in Latin). Thomas Basset's parents are given as William Basset (d.1410) and Katherine, the sister of Richard Stanhope.
William Basset's father is given as Thomas Basset of Fledburgh. No wife named. Thomas Basset's parents are given as William Basset senior (alive in 1383) and his wife Margaret (described only as a widow), alive in 1410. William Basset's father is recorded as Richard Basset of Normanton.
Jane's mother Elizabeth Dunham, had a very significant pedigree with grandparents who were Stafford and Zouche families and having Ralph Neville and Joan Beaufort as 2GGP. through them and thru Zouche, Burgh, Bruce,
Jane's death came very soon after the birth of daughter Anne Cresacre (December 1511). Her husbanc Edward Cresacre died in 1512. leaving Anne as a orphan who was adopted as a Ward by Chancelor Sir Thomas More and his wife. Jane's death preceeded her parents, so she was not included in their wills.
Spouse Edward Cresacre
Child of Edward Cresacre and Jane Basset:
1. *LADY ANN CRESACRE (1511-1577)
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6.a.5. JOHN CRESACRE (1455-1508)
6.a.5.b. MARGARET HASTINGS (1464-1513)
JOHN CRESACRE was born about 1455 of Fledborough, Norfolk, England, to John Cresacre (1425-) and Catherine Wortley (1430-1511.) He married Margaret Hastings about 1484 of England.
John Cresacre died 3 February 1508, England, age 53.
Wikitree:
birth is a guess based on marriage 1478. father of Edward Cresacre and grandfather of Ann Cresacre
Wife Margaret is a daughter of Hugh Hastings and Anne Gascoigne. Sources identify her as "wife of John Cresacre esq. of Barnborough,.m.18th Edw IV..(1478-79)"[1]
John Cresacre
BIRTH Unknown
DEATH 3 Feb 1501
BURIAL St. Peter's Churchyard
Barnburgh, Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England
BIRTH unknown
DEATH 3 Feb 1501
Family Members
Parents
•
John Cresacre
Children
•
Edward Cresacre 1485-1512
MARGARET HASTINGS was born about 1464 of Fenwick, Yorkshire, England, to Sir Hugh Hastings (1437-1488) and Anne Gascogne (1428-1488.) She married John Cresacre about 1484 of England.
Margaret Hastings passed away about 1513 of Conyers, Yorkshire, England, age 49.
Wikitree:
Margaret is a daughter of Hugh Hastings and Anne Gascoigne. Sources identify her as "wife of John Cresacre esq. of Barnborough,.m.18th Edw IV..(1478-79)"[1]
2nd Husband John Mallory is confirmed by Doug Richardson. single daughter was born to her in this second marriage. dates uncertain. guess 1502.
Note: Name changed from Margery to Margaret (Richardson has Margaret). Marriage to John Mallory in 1502 is a guess, based on the profile for Margaret & John's daughter showing b 1504. Also, text in the profile for 1st wife had death year of 1501 (their son William was born about 1498). Marriage license for 3rd wife was dated November 1515, so the "after 1513" death that had been in the data field for Margaret Thwaytes (1st wife) is probably for this wife Margaret (Margaret Hastings, 2nd wife & mother of Joan, b 1504). #S-2024265479
Child of John Cresacre and Margaret Hastings:
1. *EDWARD CRESACRE (1485-1512)
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6.a.5. JOHN CRESACRE (1425-)
6.a.5.c. CATHERINE WORTLEY (1430-1511)
JOHN CRESACRE was born about 1425 of England, to Sir Percival Cresacre (1408-1467) and Alice Mounteney (1404-1450.) He married (1) *Catherine Wortley about 1450 of England; (2) Ellen Daniell.
John Cresacre died at unknown date in England.
CATHERINE WORTLEY was born about 1430 of England, to Sir Nicholas Wortley (1400-1488) and Isabel Tunstall (1405-1492.) She married John Cresacre about 1450 of England.
Catherine Wortley passed away about 1511, age 81.
Child of John Cresacre and Catherine Wortley:
1. *JOHN CRESACRE (1455-1508)
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6.a.5. SIR PERCIVAL CRESACRE (1408-1467) \\
ALICE MOUNTENEY (1404-1450) \\
SIR PERCIVAL CRESACRE was born about 1408 of Barnbrough, Yorkshire, England, to James Cresacre (1375-1417) and Elizabeth Woodruffe (1379-.) He married Alice Mounteney about 1422 of England.
Percival Cresacre died 2 January 1467, Barnbrough, Yorkshire, England, age 59. Buried at St. Peter Church, Yorkshire, England:
Sir Percival Cresacre
BIRTH 1408
DEATH 2 Jan 1477 (aged 68–69)
Barnburgh, Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England
BURIAL St. Peter's Churchyard
Barnburgh, Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England
PLOT Cresacre family Chantry Chapel
MEMORIAL ID 109936303 · View Source
PLOT Cresacre family Chantry Chapel
There is a legend called the cat and the man.
The legend tells of of events that occurred before the fifteenth century. There was formerly a Hall at Barnburgh which was in the possession of the Cresacre family. A knight of the Cresacre family (reputedly Sir Percival Cresacre, but disputed) was returning home late on the heavily wooded track from Doncaster through Sprotborough and High Melton.
As he approached Barnburgh, a wild cat (or lynx), reputedly sprang out of the branches of a tree and landed on the back of his horse. The horse threw its rider to the ground and fled. The cat then turned upon the knight and there followed a long, deadly, struggle between the two which continued all the way from Ludwell Hill to Barnburgh.
After fighting the cat the mile's distance to the village of Barnburgh, the knight made for the porch of St Peter's Church, presumably trying to get inside the Church and close the door on the animal. The fight had reputedly been so fierce, however, that Sir Percival fell dying in the Church Porch and, in his last dying struggle, stretched out his feet and crushed the cat against the wall of the Porch.
Thus, the legend goes, the cat killed the man and the man killed the cat. They were found some time later by the search party that went out after the Knight's horse had returned home riderless.
Stones in the floor of the porch of St Peter's are tainted with red. There is also a cat at the feet of the Cresacre effigy in the north aisle of St Peter's Church.
________________________________________
Family Members
Parents
•
James Cresacre
• Elizabeth Woodruffe de la Hay unknown-1434
Spouse
•
Alice Mounteney Cresacre Unknown-1450
Children
•
John Cresacre
Ambrose Cresacre unknown-1469
Edward Cresacre unknown-1503
GENI.COM:
About Sir Percival Cresacre, of Barnborough
St. Peter's Mystery
Reproduced from 'A History of Barnburgh' by J Stanley Large 1952
In the fifteenth century there lived at Barnburgh Hall a worthy knight called Sir Percival Cresacre. He was returning home rather late at night from Doncaster after visiting friends or maybe transacting some business, and was ambling gently on his horse along the bridle way which is now the road from Doncaster through Sprotburgh and High Melton.
The district was at that time very heavily wooded, and as he came down the Ludwell Hill a wild cat (or lynx), which was far larger and stronger than the domesticated cat of to-day, sprang out of the branches of a tree and landed on the back of his horse. So maddened was the horse by the tearing claws of the cat that it shied, sprang forward, threw its rider to the ground and ran away. The cat then turned upon the knight and there followed a long, deadly, running struggle between the two which continued all the way from Ludwell Hill to Barnburgh.
By this time the man had been terribly mauled by the fierce claws of the cat and was nearly exhausted. On reaching the Church the knight made for the porch, thinking to get inside the Church and close the door on the animal. The fight had been so fierce, however, and had so told on the man that he fell dying in the Porch, and in his last dying struggle, stretched out, and in so doing his feet crushed and killed the cat against the wall of the Porch.
Thus the cat killed the man and the man killed the cat, and thus they were found some time later by the search party that went out after the knight's horse had returned home rider less
In support of all this, the more imaginative story teller will probably show you stones tinged with red in the floor of the Porch, and the "cat" at the feet of the Cresacre effigy
Now, in most legends there is more than an element of truth, and so I believe it is in this case, but over the years a story like this which has been passed down by word of mouth through the generations is bound to become somewhat distorted.
Let's consider the facts
First look at the red stones in the floor of the porch. Then look at the tower, particularly on the north side, and you will find quite a number of stones of exactly the same colour.
Next, examine closely the "cat" lying at the feet of the knight of the effigy and you will see that it is a lion. Furthermore, as we have seen in previous notes, the effigy is at least one hundred years earlier than Sir Percival Cresacre, and in any case the fact that an animal lies at the feet of the figure can be completely ignored as there are numerous instances in England where an effigy has an animal at its feet. Indeed, it is said to be symbollic of a Crusader (although this is open to question) and in some versions of the story the knight is described as a Knight Templar returned from the Holy Wars.
If this was so it could not have been Sir Percival Cresacre, as the Eighth and last Crusade took place in 1270-1271 and the Knights Templar were disbanded in England in 1308
In support of the legend, however, it must be stated that at one time the woods around here abounded in wild cats.
In the year 1205 a Gerard Canville was granted a licence to hunt the wild cat. In 1237 one of the Earls Warren of Conisburgh had leave to hunt many wild animals including the wild cat. And other licences of a similar nature were granted in 1274 and 1337.
Of the ferociousness of the creatures there can be no question, and as it invariably inhabited the woods, it had to be hunted there. One can imagine the danger there would be if the hunter caught one at bay.
There is, however, evidence to show that wild cats had been exterminated, a long time before Sir Percival died, and although I am more than prepared to believe that a Knight of the Cresacre line died at the hands of a wild cat in some such manner as that described in the legend, I say un¬hesitatingly that it must have been a Cresacre who lived long before the time of Sir Percival, quite possibly a Crusader.
As a postscript to the legend I must mention that there is a hill at Darfield known as "Cat Hill" and old natives of Darfield claim that this was the point where the famous Cat and Man fight started. This may have originated from the fact that Percival Cresacre's daughter was the wife of John Bosvile, of Newhall, Darfield.
Percival or Thomas Creacre?
The oaken effigy represents a knight in the military costume of the 11th century, lying on his back with his head inclined to the right. His hands are clasped together in an attitude of humility and supplication, and the head rests on a kind of cushion which appears to have been folded. The legs are crossed and there is a lion at the feet. It has been said that this latter feature commemorates a Crusader, but there seems to be little justification for this belief.
As to costume, the effigy has a slightly conical helmet which connects with chain mail (the Camail) which completely covers the chin, neck and shoulders. The arms are protected with plate armour, the left arm supporting a shield. Plate armour also covers the body, terminating in semi-circular form just above the knees. From there to the feet the protection again is plate armour. A sword is worn, although the lower half is missing, and spurs complete the outfit.
There has been much controversy over the age of this effigy, and a study of the costumes worn in those times will show that the armour of this figure is at least one hundred years earlier than the period of Sir Percival. For instance, the Camail, which is of chain (or ring) mail had gone entirely out of use in favour of complete plate mail long before the days of the knight in question. It has been suggested by learned authorities that this is another instance (amongst scores) where the effigy of some earlier knight (in this case probably Sir Thomas Cresacre, circa 1348) has been appropriated at a later date. In support of this theory it will be noted that the effigy has been cut down, apparently to fit the canopy. Moreover, it will be observed that not one of the inscriptions is on the effigy, all being on the canopy. Further it is more than likely that a canopy or shroud of oak would have been provided had the work been all of one period, or vice versa, the effigy would have been of stone.
It is a curious thing that amongst all the inscriptions on the tomb not one gives the date of the death of Sir Percival, nor is it recorded anywhere else to my .knowledge, though there is an item in the Surtees Society's Publication XXX n.38. which gives the date as 1477, but upon what authority I do not know. We do know that he was alive in 1455 for in that year we find him as a feoffee for his daughter, Isabel Langlin, in the foun¬dation of the Bosville Chantry in Cawthorne Church*, but after that we have no further record of him. This daughter left no written mention of her father's death, nor did any of his other descendants, and he does not appear to have left a will.
After having examined the elaborate tomb of Sir Percival it is a surprise to find that Alice, his wife, had to be content with a single slab let into the floor by the side of her husband's tomb. Cut into the stone of this slab are nine rows of holes about the size of a pea, so designed as to represent a cross of beads—an emblem used by the Cresacres. Round the edge is the following inscription :
" Alicia uxor Parcivalli Cresacre obiit a'D'mi M'CCCC'L'
" Our bonys in stonys lye full still," " Our saulys in wandyr at Godys will."
That part of the epitaph written in English may be found on several other tombs in England.
From the above it will be seen that Alice died in 1450 and if the statement in the Surtees Society's Publication is correct that Percival died in 1477 then he survived his wife by 27 years.
J. Stanley Large 'A History of Barnburgh' 1952
ALICE MOUNTENEY was born about 1404 of England, to Thomas Mountney (1380-) and Unknown. She married Sir Percival Cresacre about 1422, England.
Alice Mounteney passed away about 1450 of England, age 46.
Alice Mounteney Cresacre
BIRTH unknown
DEATH 1450
BURIAL
Barnburgh, Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England
· View Source BIRTH
unknown
DEATH 1450
Family Members
Spouse
Percival Cresacre 1408-1477
Children
•
John Cresacre
Ambrose Cresacre unknown-1469
•
Edward Cresacre unknown-1503
Child of Percival Cresacre and Alice Mounteney:
1. *JOHN CRESACRE (1425-)
+
6.a.6. JOHN COLT OF ESSEX (1464-1521)
6.a.6.a. ELIZABETH ELDRINGTON (1455-1509)
JOHN COLT OF ESSEX was born about 1464 of Roydon, Essex, England, to Thomas Colt of Roydon (1420-1471) and Johanna Trusbut (1435-1473.) He married Elizabeth Eldrington.
John Colt died 22 October 1521, Essex, England, age 57.
Wikitree:
John Colt’s father was Thomas Colt and his mother was Joanna Tresbutt. After Thomas Colt died Joanna married Sir William Parr who became the guardian of Joanna’s three young children (John Colt and his two sisters). They lived at Nether Hall in Essex which was a property belonging to the Colt family. About 1476 Sir William Parr sold his guardianship of John Colt to John Elrington, treasurer of the household of King Edward IV. John Colt married John Elrington’s daughter Jane and their daughter Jane/Joan was born in 1488.
Nether Hall
A comprehensive survey of the ruins of Nether Hall is available online from Heritage Conservation at Essex County Council.[1] It was at Nether Hall that Sir Thomas More chose his bride from the three daughters of John Colt. Although he found the second daughter the most appealing he chose the eldest, Jane, to be his wife so as not to cause offence to her by passing her over. [2]
Will
John Colt’s will, proved in 1521, mentions his wife Mary [nee Alne, his second wife], daughters Elizabeth Rosely and Edyn?, his son George, and George’s sons John and Henry. He leaves Nether Hall to his wife Mary who is an executor along with his son George. Also mentioned is his son-in-law Sir Thomas More who was to have money paid to him from income from the manor of Greys for the funding of his youngest son Thomas Colt until he comes of age.[3]
John Colt
BIRTH unknown
D
BIRTH unknown
DEATH 22 Oct 1521
BURIAL St. Mary the Virgin Churchyard
Cavendish, St Edmundsbury Borough, Suffolk, England
22 Oct 1521
Esquire of Newhall in Essex.
He requested burial at Roydon in his will, but his M.I. at Cavendish indicates his burial there...'Hic jacet strenuus Vir, Johannes Colt, Armiger, Filius Thome Colt...'
________________________________________
Family Members
Parents
•
Thomas Colt
Spouses
•
Elizabeth Eldrington Colt
Mary Alne Colt
Children
•
George Colt unknown-1578
Jane Colt More 1489-1511
ELIZABETH ELDRINGTON was born about 1455 of Cavendish, Suffolk, England, to Sir John Elrington (1438-1450) and Maude Disney (1437-1483.) She married John Colt.
Elizabeth Eldrington passed away about 1509, England, age 54.
Wikitree:
Named in the will of her father Sir John Elrington written in 1482 as his daughter and wife of John Colt.
In Wicked Women of Tudor England,[1] Retha Warnicke discusses the date of Jane's birth.
Elizabeth Eldrington Colt
BIRTH unknown
DEATH unknown
BURIAL St. Mary the Virgin Churchyard
Cavendish, St Edmundsbury Borough, Suffolk, England
MEMORIAL ID 204818143 · View Source
BIRTH unknown
Family Members
Spouse
•
John Colt unknown-1521
Children
•
George Colt unknown-1578
Jane Colt More 1489-1511
Children of John Colt and Elizabeth Eldrington:
1. *JOAN COLT (1480-1511)
2. Alice Colt (1486-)
3. Thomas Colt (1486-)
4. Bridget Colt (1488-)
5. Joanna olt (1488-1511)
6. Mary Colt (1490-1542)
7. Alys Colt (1491-)
8. Miss Colt (1491-)
9. Thomas Colt (1495-1559)
10. Esq. George Colt (1523-1578)
+
6.a.6. THOMAS COLT (COULTE) OF ROYDON (1420-1471)
6.a.6.b. JOHANNA TRUSBUT (1435-1473)
THOMAS COLT (COULTE) OF ROYDON was born about 1420 of Carlisle, Cumberland, England, to Thomas Colt of Carlisle (no dates) and Johanna Gyrlyington (1407-1482) He married Johanna Trusbut.
Thomas Colt died 22 August 1471, Essex, England, age 51.
Wikitree:
Research Notes
There are variations in the spelling of the surname, especially in earlier documents.
Howard’s edited version of The Visitation of Suffolk, 1561[1] refers to Colt pedigrees in a number of versions of visitations (Narrative Visitation of Suffolk 1561, Sampson Leonard Copy of the 1561 Visitation and Visitation of Essex 1634). In the Narrative Visitation of Suffolk 1561 the spelling of the name of John Colt is Cowlte and the name of his wife is Jane Thursbotte. ‘Thomas Cowlte maryed Jane, daughter and heire of Thursbotte of the Coustie of Norff., & by her had sonne, John Cowlte, sonne and heire. John Cowlte, sonne & heire of Thomas maryed Jane, daughter of Sir John Eldrington, in the Countie of Mydlesex…[daughter] Jane, married to Thomas Moore, Knight…’ (p. 29). The Sampson Leonard Copy of the 1561 Visitation segment spells the name as Coulte. A segment of The Visitation of Essex 1634, in the same volume, on page 30, has Thomas Colt married to Jane, da. and heire of Thursbutt of Norff. Their son John Colte of Essex married Jane, daughter of Sir John Elrington of Essex.
Later entries in the above pedigrees and others generally use the spelling Colt with the occasional use of Colte.
Thomas Colt
BI
BIRTH unknown
DEATH unknown
BURIAL St. Mary the Virgin Churchyard
Cavendish, St Edmundsbury Borough, Suffolk, England
unknown
Family Members
Children
•
John Colt unknown-1521
JOHANNA TRUSBUT was born about 1435 of Warter, Yorkshire East Riding, England, to John Trusbut (1415-1452) and Elizabeth Cateryke (1418-1482.) She married Thomas Colt.
Johanna Trusbut passed away in August 1473, Kendall, Westmorland, England, age 38.
Child of Thomas Colt and Johanna Trusbut:
1. JOHN COLT OF ESSEX (1464-1521)
+
6.a.6. THOMAS COLT OF CARLISLE (1400-1474) \\
JOHANNA GYRLYINGTON (1407-1482) \\
THOMAS COLT OF CARLISLE was born about 1400 of Carilsle, Essex, England, to unknown parents possibly Thomas Colt. He married Johanna Gyrlyington.
Thomas Colt died about 1475 of England, age 74.
JOHANNA GYRLYINGTON was born about 10 January 1407, Yorkshire, England, to Nicholas Gyrlyington (1370-) and Elizabeth Caterick (1377-1455.) She married Thomas Colt.
Johanna Gyrlington died about 1482 of Essex, England, age 75.
Child of Thomas Colt and Johanna Gyrlyington:
1. *THOMAS COLT (COULTE) OF ROYDON (1420-1471)
+
6.a.7 THOMAS HANSCOM GRAUNGER (1425-1503)
LADY MARGARET HANSCOMBE SWEETEHANAM (1425-1503) \\
THOMAS HANSCOM GRAUNGER was born about 1425 of London, England, to John Graunger (1400-1425) and Mary Hanscombe (1405-1477.) He married Lady Margaret Hanscombe Sweetehanam about 1460 of Longon, England.
Thomas Hanscom Graunger died 13 November 1503, London, Middlesex, England, age 78.
HThomas Hanscom Graunger was Alderman of London and a Merchant of the staple of Calais.
LADY MARGARET HANSCOMBE SWEETEHANAM was born about 1425 of Shillington, Bedfordshire, England, to unknown parents. She married Thomas Hanscom Graunger about 1460 of London, England.
Margaret Sweetehanam passed away 13 November 1503, London, Middlesex, England, age 78.
Child of Thomas Hanscom Graunger and Margaret Sweetehanam:
1. *AGNES GRAUNGER (1455-1499)
+
6.a.7. JOHN GRAUNGER (1400-1425) \\
MARY HANSCOMBE (1405-1477) \\
JOHN GRAUNGER was born about 1400 of London, England, to Richard Graunger (1380-) and Unknown. He married Mary Hanscombe.
John Graunger died about 1425 of London, England, age 25.
MARY HANSCOMBE was born about 1405 of England, to unknown parents. She married John Graunger.
Mary Hanscombe passed away about 1477 of England, age 72.
Child of John Graunger and Mary Hanscombe:
1. *THOMAS HANSCOM GRAUNGER (1425-1503)
+
6.a.1.a. RICHARD GENTYLLEMAN (1573-) \\
ELIZABETH BARTON (1570-) \\
RICHARD GENTYLLEMAN was born about 1573 of Metfield, Suffolk, England, to unknown parents. He married Elizabeth Barton.
Richard Gentylleman died at unknown date.
WIKITREE:
• Fact: Life Sketch RICHARD GENTYLLEMAN was born about 1573 of Metfield, Suffolk, England, to unknown parents. He married Elizabeth Barton.
We don’t know when Richard died.
ELIZABETH BARTON was born about 1571 of Apperknowle, Derbyshire, England, to John Barton (1541-1629) and Helen Turner (1580-.) She married Richard Gentylleman.
We do not know when Elizabeth Barton died.
Children of Richard Gentylleman and Elizabeth Barton:
1. John Gentleman (25 Jan 1589-) 2. Susanna Gentleman was born 29 July 1594, in Groton, Suffolk, England, to Richard Gentylleman (1573-) and Elizabeth Barton (1571-.) She married (1) *Thomas Hunter, 2 January 1614, Southwold; (2) Richard Hollingsworth, of Southwold after Thomas dearth 14 December 1627. Susanna Gentleman passed away 12 December 1675, Salem, Massachusetts, age of England, age 81.
ELIZABETH BARTON was born about 1570 of Apperknowle, Derbyshire, England, to unknown parents. She married (1) Richard Hallingworth; (2) *Richard Gentylleman.
Elizabeth Barton died at unknown date.
WIKITREE:
• Fact: Life Sketch RICHARD GENTYLLEMAN was born about 1573 of Metfield, Suffolk, England, to unknown parents. He married Elizabeth Barton.
ELIZABETH BARTON was born about 1571 of Apperknowle, Derbyshire, England, to John Barton (1541-1629) and Helen Turner (1580-.) She married Richard Gentylleman.
We do not know when Elizabeth Barton died.
Children of Richard Gentylleman and Elizabeth Barton:
1. John Gentleman (25 Jan 1589-) 2. Susanna Gentleman was born 29 July 1594, in Groton, Suffolk, England, to Richard Gentylleman (1573-) and Elizabeth Barton (1571-.) She married (1) *Thomas Hunter, 2 January 1614, Southwold; (2) Richard Hollingsworth, of Southwold after Thomas dearth 14 December 1627. Susanna Gentleman passed away 12 December 1675, Salem, Massachusetts, age of England, age 81.
Child of Richard Gentylleman and Elizabeth Barton:
1. *SUSANNA GENTLEMAN (1593-1675)
+
6.a.2.a. LORD NICHOLAS SMALL (1510-1565)
6.a.2.a.1. JANE PEMBERTON (1518-1602)
LORD NICHOLAS SMALL was born 11 January 1510, London, England, to William John Small (deceased) and Jane Wilkinson (1500-1590.) He married Jane Pemberton about 1540, London, England.
Nicholas Small died about 1565 of London, England, age 55.
JANE PEMBERTON was born about 1518 of Northamptonshire, England, to Christopher Pemerton (1501-1558) and Julyanne Randall (1505-1581.) She married Nicholas Small about 1540 of London, England.
Jane Pemberton passed away about May 1602, Warwickshire, England, age 84.
Wikitree:
Jane Small (c.1518-1602) was a daughter of Christopher Pemberton, a Northamptonshire gentleman. She is well known as the subject of a portrait miniature by the famous 16th century German artist Hans Holbein the Younger, painted about 1540. Holbein was known as a painter of the English court where his paintings included those of King Henry VIII and several of his wives.
She married Nicholas Small, a London cloth merchant about 1540. He died in the winter of 1565/66. She remarried within a year to Nicholas Parkinson who became Master of the Clothworkers Company in 1578/79. Parkinson died in the winter of 1581/82. In later life Jane lived with her daughters and preferred to be addressed as Jane Small. She died in May 1602 while staying with her granddaughter in Warwickshire, but her burial place is unknown.
Jane Pemberton Small
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Portrait of Jane Small, c. 1540, by Hans Holbein the Younger, V&A Museum no. P.40&A-1935
Jane Small (c. 1518–1602) was a daughter of Christopher Pemberton, a Northamptonshire gentleman. She is well known as the subject of a portrait miniature by the famous 16th-century German artist Hans Holbein the Younger, painted about 1540. Holbein was known as a painter of the English court where his paintings included those of King Henry VIII and several of his wives
Contents
• 1Life
• 2Family
• 3The Holbein Portrait
• 4See also
• 5References
o 5.1Bibliography
Life[edit]
Jane Pemberton married Nicholas Small, a London cloth merchant, probably in about 1540.[1] It is around this time that the Holbein portrait was commissioned. Nicholas Small died in the winter of 1565/66,[2] and Jane remarried within the year, to Nicholas Parkinson. Her new husband went on to be Master of the Clothworkers' Company in 1578/79.[2] Parkinson died in the winter of 1581/82. At this time Jane was living in Paddington, in the rectory, a house big enough to have been let to Sir John Popham, the attorney general, in the 1580s.[2] Jane also held a lease on 'The Hand', a property on Thames Street, alongside the River Thames in London. In later life she lived with her daughters, and preferred to be addressed as Jane Small. She died in May 1602 whilst staying with her granddaughter in Warwickshire, but her burial place is unknown.[2]
Family[edit]
Jane Small had six children by Nicholas Small. After her second husband died intestate, her eldest son, Matthew Small, inherited, but only after a court hearing before the Star Chamber.[2] A younger daughter, Elizabeth, married Jasper More of Shropshire. Jane's granddaughter, Katherine More, was at the centre of a bizarre incident that occurred between her and her husband Samuel More from about 1616 to 1620. During this time her husband accused Katherine of having engaged in adultery with a longtime lover and giving birth to four children by him. Numerous court cases culminated in 1620 with Samuel More placing the four children with Pilgrims on the Mayflower just prior to its sailing for America. Soon after the Mayflower's arrival in America, three of the four children died. Only Katherine’s son Richard More survived.[3][4]
The Holbein Portrait[edit]
Jane Small's historical significance derives from a fine portrait miniature by Hans Holbein the Younger. She has been identified as the subject from the coat of arms painted on a separate piece of vellum at the back of the miniature, that of Robert Pemberton of Lancashire and of Rushden, Northamptonshire, who died in 1594. The arms are dated 1566 but were painted in the 17th century. Scholars at first supposed that the sitter was Margaret Throckmorton (d. 1576), Robert Pemberton's wife, who had connections with the royal court.[5][6] More recently, Jane Small has been established as the sitter.[2]
The simplicity of the sitter's dress reflects her relatively modest status; most of the Englishwomen Holbein painted were attached to the court. The inscription records the sitter as in her 23rd year, but the date of the painting is not known for certain. It has been suggested that the portrait may have been commissioned to mark her engagement.[1] She is shown wearing a carnation, which may symbolise her betrothal, and holding a leaf or sprig. Holbein's portrait, with its rich blue background, crisp outlines, and absence of shading, follows the conventions of the genre. Such miniatures were worn like a jewel.
In his last years, Holbein raised the art of the portrait miniature to its first peak of brilliance.[7] His large pictures had always contained a miniature-like precision. He applied this skill to the smaller form, somehow retaining his monumentality of effect.[7] His miniature portrait of Jane Small is considered a masterpiece of the genre. In the view of art historian Graham Reynolds:
[Holbein] portrays a young woman whose plainness is scarcely relieved by her simple costume of black-and-white materials, and yet there can be no doubt that this is one of the great portraits of the world. With remarkable objectivity Holbein has not added anything of himself or subtracted from his sitter's image; he has seen her as she appeared in a solemn mood in the cold light of his painting-room.[8]
See also[edit]
• List of paintings by Hans Holbein the Younger
• Katherine More, Jane Small's granddaughter
Children of Nicholas Small and Jane Pemberton:
1. Mary Small (1540-1625)
2. Emma Small (1540-)
3. Mathew Small (1550-1618)
4. *ELIZABETH SMALLEY (1552-1627)
5. Rose Small (1555-1604)
6. Reginald Small (1560-1623)
7. John Small (deceased)
+
6.a.2.a. WILLIAM JOHN SMALL (Deceased) \\
JANE WILKINSON (1500-1590) \\
WILLIAM JOHN SMALL was born at unknown date and died at unknown date in England. He married Jane Wilkinso. 5 May 1544, Uxbridge, London, England.
JANE WILKINSON was born about 1500 of England, to unknown parents. She married William John Small 5 May 1544, Uxbridge, London, England.
Jane Wilkinson passed away about 1590 of England, age 90.
Child of William John Small & Jane Wilkinson:
1. *NICHOLAS SMALL (1510-1565)
+
6.a.2.b. RICHARD CRESSETT (1470-1546)
6.a.2.b.a. JOAN WROTTESLEY (1485-1546)
RICHARD CRESSETT was born about 1470 of Upton Cressett, Shropshire, England, to Thomas Cressett (1436-1520) and Joan Corbet (1447-1520.) He married Joan Wrottesley.
Richard Cressett died after 28 January 1546, England, age 76.
Wikitree:
Richard Cressett was the son of Thomas Cressett, Esq. of Upton Cressett, Shropshire, etc., and Joan Corbet, daughter of Roger Corbet, Knt., and Elizbeth Hopton.[1] Richard's date and place of birth are unknown and are estimated.
Richard married Joan Wrottesley, daughter of Richard Wrottesley, Esq., of Wrottesley, Shropshire, and Dorothy, daughter of Edward Sutton,[1] date and place of marriage unknown/estimated. They had three sons and six daughters.
• Robert, Esq., son and heir apparent[1]
• Edmund[1]
• Henry[1]
• Jane[1]
• Mary[1]
• Frances, wife of Roger Smith, John Hopton, Francis Hord and William Clench[1]
• Dorothy, wife of William Mynde[1]
• Cecily, wife of William Acton[1]
• Margaret, wife of Thomas More (or Moore), Esq.[1]
Custody of Richard Cressett, Esq., he being a lunatic, was granted to his son and heir apparent, Robert More, on 28 January 1545/6 "together with his manors, houses, lands, etc.. for the benefit of the said Richard, his wife and children".[1]
Richard's date and place of death are unknown.
JOAN WROTTESLEY was born about 1485 of Wrottesley, Staffordshire, England, to Sir Richard Oxford Wrottesley (1457-1524) and Lady Margaret Sutton (1463-1517.) She married Richard Cressett.
Joan Wrottesley passed away after 28 January 1546, age 61.
Wikitree:
Father Richard Wrottesley, Esq., Sheriff of Staffordshire[1] b. c 1457, d. bt Jul 1522 - 3 Jun 1524
Mother Dorothy Sutton[1][2] b. c 1466, d. 1517
Jane Wrottesley was born circa 1485 at of Wrottesley, Staffordshire, England.[3]
A settlement for the marriage Jane Wrottesley and Richard Cressett, Esq. was made on 28 January 1517. They had 3 sons (Robert, Esq; Edmund; & Henry) and 6 daughters (Jane; Mary; Frances, wife of Roger Smith, of John Hopton, of Francis Hord, & of William Clench; Dorothy, wife of William Mynde; Cecily, wife of William Acton; & Margaret, wife of Thomas More, Esq.).[1][4]
Jane Wrottesley died after 28 January 1546.
Family
• Richard Cressett, Esq. b. c 1482, d. a 28 Jan 1546
Children
• Robert, Esq
• Edmund
• Henry
• Jane
• Mary
• Frances, wife of Roger Smith, of John Hopton, of Francis Hord, & of William Clench
• Dorothy, wife of William Mynde
• Cecily, wife of William Acton
• Margaret, wife of Thomas More, Esq.
Child of Richard Cressett and Joan Wrottesley:
1. *LADY MARGARET CRESSETT (1510-)
+
6.a.2.b. THOMAS CRESSETT (1436-1520)
6.a.2.b.2. JOAN CORBET (1447-1520)
THOMAS CRESSETT was born about 1436 of Upton Cressett, Shropshire, England, to Robert Cressett (1419-1490) and Lady Christiana Stapleton (1423-1510.) He married Joan Corbet.
Thomas Cressett died 20 August 1520, Upton Cressett, Shropshire, England, age 84.
Wikitree:
Father Robert Cressett, Esq., Sheriff of Shropshire[1]
Mother Christian (Christine) Stapleton[2] b. c 1423, d. b 1495
Thomas Cressett, Esq. was born circa 1448 at of Upton Cressett, Shropshire, England. [3] b. c 1424
He married Jane Corbet, widow of John Twynyho and daughter of Sir Roger Corbet, Sheriff of Shropshire and Elizabeth Hopton, after 14 October 1475; They had 2 sons (Richard, Esq; & Thomas) & 4 daughters (Cecily, wife of Thomas Leighton; Thomasine, wife of Richard Draper; Elizabeth, wife of Adam Lutley; & Jane, wife of Thomas Whitton.[4]
Thomas Cressett married (2nd) Eleanor Unknown. No children are listed from his second marriage. [5] Thomas Cressett, Esq. left a will on 26 August 1520. His estate was probated on 12 April 1524. [6]
Family
• Jane Corbet b. c 1447, d. c 1492
Children
• Thomas Cressett
• Richard Cressett, Esq.
• Cecily, wife of Thomas Leighton
• Thomasine, wife of Richard Draper
• Elizabeth, wife of Adam Lutley
• Jane, wife of Thomas Whitton
JOAN CORBET was born about 1447 of Moreton Corbet, Shropshire, England, to Sir Roger Corbet (1412-1467) and Lady Elizabeth Stanley (1420-1498.) She married Thomas Cressett.
Joan Corbet passed away 20 August 1520, Upton, Shropshire, England, age 73.
Wikitree:
Jane Corbet was the daughter of Roger Corbet, Knt., of Moreton Corbet, Shropshire, and Elizabeth Hopton, daughter of Thomas Hopton, Knt., of Staunton-on-Arrow, Herefordshire.[1] Her date and place of birth are unknown and are estimated.
Jane married first to John Twynyho, Burgess of Plympton, before 13 August 1464.[2][3] They had one son.
• Roger, Esq..[2][3]
She married Thomas Cressett, Esq., of Upton Cressett, Shropshire, etc., son and heir of Robert Cressett, Esq., Sheriff of Shropshire, and Christian Stapleton.[1] They had two sons and four daughters.
• Richard, Esq.[1]
• Thomas[1]
• Cecily, wife of Thomas Leighton[1]
• Thomasine, wife of Richard Draper[1]
• Elizabeth, wife of Adam Lutley[1]
• Jane, wife of Thomas Whitton[1]
Jane Corbet predeceased her husband, as he remarried to Eleanor ______,[1] date and place unknown.
Children of Thomas Cressett and Joan Corbet:
1. Thomas Cresset (1450-1470)
2. Jane Cressett (1450-)
3. Thomas Cressett (1465-1532)
4. *RICHARD CRESSET (1470-1546)
+
6.a.2.b. ROBERT CRESSETT (1419-1490) \\
LADY CHRISTIANA STAPLETON (1423-1510) \\
ROBERT CRESSETT was born about 1419 of Upton, England, to Hugh Cressett (1385-1445) and Christina Unknown (1390-.) He married Lady Christiana Stapleton about 1441, of Shipton, Shropshire, England.
Robert Cressett died about 1490 of Upton, Shropshire, England, age 71.
LADY CHRISTIANA STAPLETON was born about 1423 of Stapleton, Devonshire, England, to Sir John Stapleton (1397-1455) and Margaret Norton (-1456.) She married (1) Sir Robert Burton 1440; (2) *Robert Cressett about 1441, Shipton Shropshire, England.
Christiana Stapleton passed away 21 April 1510, Upton, Shropshire, England, age 87.
Wikitree:
Christian was born about 1423. She is the daughter of John Stapleton and Margaret Conyers-Norton. She passed away about 1500.
Child of Robert Cressett and Christiana Stapleton:
1. *THOMAS CRESSETT (1436-1520)
+
6.a.4.a. THOMAS JENNINGS (1505-)
6.a.4.a.1. KATHERINE OTELEY (1511-)
THOMAS JENNINGS was born about 1505 of Welleborne, Shropshire, England, to Roland Jennings (1471-1528) and Elizabeth Bromley (1479-.) He married Katherine Oteley about 1533 of Oteley Park, Pitchford, Salop, England.
Thomas Jennings died at unknown date of Welleborne, Shropshire, England.
Wikitree:
The birth date for Thomas is a very rough estimate. Circumstantial evidence suggests that one daughter was born around 1525[1] and that his eldest son was born before 1528[2]. The profile for the father of his wife, Katherine, currently has her birth date as 1494, but no sources for this are evident.
He was the son of Rowland Jenyns and Elizabeth Bromley, and married Katherine Oteley, the daughter of William Oteley of Pitchford. They had eight known children - four sons and four daughters. Based on the Visitation of Shropshire the sons were William, Roland, Richard, and Arthur, and the daughters Margery, Margaret, Elizabeth and Katherine.
No death date has yet been found for Thomas.
KATHERINE OTELEY was born about 1511 of Pitchford, Shropshire, England, to Sir William Otley (1466-1529) and Lady Margeria Leighton Bruyn (1472-1530.) She married Thomas Jennings about 1533 of Oteley Park, Pitchford, Salop, England.
Katherine Oteley passed away at unknown date of Welleborne, Shropshire, England.
Wikitree:
The birth date for Katherine is a very rough estimate. Circumstantial evidence suggests that one daughter was born around 1525[1] and that her eldest son was born before 1528[2]. The profile for Katherin's father currently has her birth date as 1494, but no sources for this are evident. She was one of, at least[3], eleven children[4] so, the possible range for her birth date is 1480 to 1510. Both have her lower in the list of children. Best guess is that she was born after 1500.
From the Visitations of Shropshire, Thomas and Katherin had four sons and four daughters, of whom William and three of his sisters are identified with spouses.
It is not known when Katherin died.
Children of Thomas Jennings and Katherine Oteley:
1. William Jennings (1534-)
2. *KATHERINE JENNINGS (1535-)
3. Roland Jennings (1537-)
4. Margareta Jennings (1541-)
5. Richard Jennings (1544-1580)
6. Margeria Jennings (1548-)
7. Arthur Jennings (1551-)
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6.a.4.a. ROLAND JENNINGS (1471-1528)
6.a.4.a.2. ELIZABETH BROMLEY (1479-) \\
ROLAND JENNINGS was born about 1471 of Shropshire, England, to Thomas Jennings (1443-1499) and Eleanora Jay (1444-.) He married Elizabeth Bromley about 1501 of Mitley, Madeley, Shropshire, England.
Roland Jennings died about 1528 of England, age 57.
Wikitree:
Rowland Jennings
Rolandus Jennyns
Birth Estimation
Rowland Jennings, of Walliborne Hall was born (estimated) between 1455 and 1515. He was the son of Thomas Jennings and Eleanor Jennings and brother of Jane Bromley. He married Elizabeth Jennyns. He was the father of Eleanor Adams and Thomas Jennings. [1]If his son, Thomas, was born about 1500, then estimate Rowland's marriage at 1498 and his birth year before 1475.
Parents
Thomas Jennings was born about 1450 in England, the son of William Jennings. He married Eleanor (Jay) Jennings, and was the father of Jane Bromley and Rowland Jennings, of Walliborne Hall.[2]
Marriage to Elizabeth Bromley
Rolandus Jennyns, son of Thomas Jennings, m. Elizabetha fil Will’I Bromley[3]
Married Elizabeth, daughter of William Bromley. [3]
Issue
1. Willimus, son of Rolandus Jennyns[3]
2. Will’us [Thomas] Jennyns de Welleborne in com. Salop, son of Rolandus, m. Katherine fil. Will’I Otteley de Pich ford.[3]
3. Elianora, daughter of Rolandus, vxor Will’I Adams.[3] Eleanor Adams (Jennyns), was born (estimated) between 1415 and 1535. She was the daughter of Rowland Jennings, of Walliborne Hall and Elizabeth Jennyns and sister of Thomas Jennings. She married William Adams, of Longden and was the mother of Thomas Adams, of Longdon. [4] William Adams of Longdon in co Salop Esq, son and heir of Thomas and Elizabeth, married Elynor da of Rowland Jennyns Jeninges of Wallybourne (Walliborne) in co. Salop. [3]Eleanor's husband William's son Thomas was born about 1559. However, his daughter Elizabeth could not be born much later than 1545, placing William's marriage at about 1544 and William's birth, if he married at 21, in 1523. This would place Eleanor's birth, if she married at 18, at 1526.
ELIZABETH BROMLEY was born about 1479 of Mitley, Madeley, Shropshire, England, to unknown parents. She married Roland Jennings about 1501 of Mitley, Madeley, Shropshire, England.
Elizabeth Bromley passed away at unknown date and place.
Wikitree:
Elizabeth Bromley's husband Rowland Jennings, of Walliborne Hall was born (estimated) between 1455 and 1515. The current estimates for the birth of their children are about 1500 for Thomas and before 1510 for Eleanor. This puts Elizabeth's birth year before 1485.
He was the son of Thomas Jennings and his wife Eleanor, and brother of Jane (Jennings) Bromley. [1]
Marriage of Rowland Jennings to Elizabeth Bromley
Rolandus Jennyns, son of Thomas Jennings, m. Elizabetha fil Will’I Bromley[2]
Married Elizabeth, daughter of William Bromley. [2]
Issue
Elizabeth and Rowland were the parents of Eleanor (Jennings) Adams and Thomas Jennings. [1]
1. Willimus, son of Rolandus Jennyns[2]
2. Will’us [Thomas] Jennyns de Welleborne in com. Salop, son of Rolandus, m. Katherine fil. Will’I Otteley de Pich ford.[2]
3. Elianora, daughter of Rolandus, vxor Will’I Adams.[2] Eleanor Jennyns, was born (estimated) between 1415 and 1535. She was the daughter of Rowland Jennings, of Walliborne Hall and Elizabeth Jennyns and sister of Thomas Jennings. She married William Adams, of Longden and was the mother of Thomas Adams, of Longdon. [3] William Adams of Longdon in co Salop Esq, son and heir of Thomas and Elizabeth, married Elynor da of Rowland Jennyns Jeninges of Wallybourne (Walliborne) in co. Salop. [2]Eleanor's husband William's son Thomas was born about 1559. However, his daughter Elizabeth could not be born much later than 1545, placing William's marriage at about 1544 and William's birth, if he married at 21, in 1523. This would place Eleanor's birth, if she married at 18, at 1526.
Children of Roland Jennings and Elizabeth Bromley:
1. Elinora Jennings (1502-)
2. *THOMAS JENNINGS (1505-)
3. William Jennings (1508-)
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6.a.4.a. THOMAS JENNINGS (1443-1499) \\
6.a.4.a.3. ELEANORA JAY (1444-)
THOMAS JENNINGS was born about 1443 of Welleborne, Shropshire, England, to unknown parents. He married Eleanora Jay about 1466 of Jay, Shropshire, England.
Thomas Jennings died about 1499 of England, age 56.
Wikitree:
1450 Birth
Thomas Jennings was born about 1450 in England, the son of William Jennings. [1]
Residence
Walliborne Hall, Church Pulverbath, Shropshire. [2]
Marriage
He married Eleanor (Jay) Jennings, and was the father of Jane Bromley and Rowland Jennings, of Walliborne Hall.[1]
Issue
His grandson, Thomas Bromley, was born by 1505, 2nd s. of Roger Bromley of Mitley by Jane, da. of Thomas Jennings of Walliborne Hall, Church Pulverbatch. [2]
Rowland Jennings, of Walliborne Hall was born (estimated) between 1455 and 1515. He was the son of Thomas Jennings and Eleanor Jennings and brother of Jane Bromley. He married Elizabeth Jennyns. He was the father of Eleanor Adams and Thomas Jennings. [3]
ELEANORA JAY was born about 1444 of Jaye, Telford, Shropshire, England, to Roland Jay (1419-) and Isabella Unknown (1420-.) She married Thomas Jennings about 1466 of Jay, Shropshire, England.
Eleanora Jay passed away at unknown date.
Wikitree:
1460 Birth
Since an estimate birth year for her husband Thomas Jennings (son of William Jennings) is about 1450 in England, the son of William Jennings. [1] estimate her own birth year as 10 years later at 1460.
Marriage
Thomas Jennings married Eleanor (Jay) Jennings, and was the father of Jane Bromley and Rowland Jennings, of Walliborne Hall.[1]
Issue
Rowland Jennings, of Walliborne Hall was born (estimated) between 1455 and 1515. He was the son of Thomas Jennings and Eleanor Jennings and brother of Jane Bromley. He married Elizabeth Jennyns. He was the father of Eleanor Adams and Thomas Jennings. [2]
Children of Thomas Jennings and Eleanora Jay:
1. Jana (Jane) Jennings (1467-)
2. *ROLAND JENNINGS (1471-1528)
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6.a.5.a. SIR RICHARD BASSET (1455-1544)
6.a.5.a.1. ELIZABETH DUNHAM (1473-1541)
SIR RICHARD BASSET was born about 1455 of Fledborough, Nottinghamshire, England, to Thomas Bassett (1425-) and Margery Mering (1430-1510.) He married Elizabeth Dunham about 1488 of Yorkshire, England.
Richard Bassett Died about 1544 of England, age 89.
Wikitree:
Need to draft profiles for his parents, Thomas Basset, Margery Mering
Notes from rootsweb SGM (2007);[1] According to the Bassett Pedigree in Thoroton's Nottinghamshire (first published 1677 and Edited and enlarged 1790-1798) Jane Bassett (who married Edward Cresacre) was the daughter of Sir Richard Basset of Fledburg and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of John Dunham Esq. (Fledburg was sometimes anciently written Fletburgh, and now written Fledborough)
Sir Richard Basset is given as the son of Thomas Basset (age 34 in 1478) and his wife Margery, daughter of William Mering (in Latin). Thomas Basset's parents are given as William Basset (d.1410) and Katherine, the sister of Richard Stanhope.
William Basset's father is given as Thomas Basset of Fledburgh. No wife named. Thomas Basset's parents are given as William Basset senior (alive in 1383) and his wife Margaret (described only as a widow), alive in 1410. William Basset's father is recorded as Richard Basset of Normanton.[2]
It appears that the Bassets were granted Fledburgh after the death of James de Lyseus (alive in 1365) who was Lord of Fledburgh but who died
without male issue. The Lyseus/Lyseux'Leysures family had held the Lordship from the Bishop of Lincoln since the time of Edward I. Thoroton also gives a Mering pedigree,
Bassets spouse Elizabeth Dunham, had a very significant pedigree with grandparents who were Stafford and Zouche families and having Ralph Neville and Joan Beaufort as 2GGP. through them and thru Zouche, Burgh, Bruce, there is direct ancestry to a significant number of MC Barons and MC advisors, as well as the Plantagenet royalty and nobility.
from the will of Richard Basset;[3] Jane is deceased, names five children:
John the elder
John the younger
Agnes
Richard
George
also mentions his siblings; William, Margaret, Sir Edward (clerk)
ELIZABETH DUNHAM was born about 1473 of Yorkshire, England, to Sir John Dunham (1450-1524) and Elizabeth Bowett (1445-1501.) She married Sir Richard Basset about 1488 of Yorkshire, England.
Elizabeth Dunham passed away 29 March 1541, England, age 68.
Children of Richard Bassett and Elizabeth Dunham.
1. *JANE BASSET (1488-1512)
2. John Basset (1490-1535)
3. Anne Basset (1499-)
4. James Basset (1518-)
5. Anne Basset (1520-)
6. John Basset (1522-)
7. Thomas Basset (1522-)
8. Thomas Basset (1524-)
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6.a.5.a. THOMAS BASSETT (1425-) \\
6.a.5.a.2. MARGERY MERING (1430-1510)
THOMAS BASSETT was born about 1425 of Fledborough, Nottinghamshire, England, to unknown parents. He married Margery Mering.
Thomas Bassett died at unknown date and place.
Wikitree:
Sir Richard Basset is given as the son of Thomas Basset (age 34 in 1478) and his wife Margery, daughter of William Mering (in Latin). Sir Richard was born in 1455 in Fledborough (Fledburgh), Nottinghamshire, England.
Thomas Basset's parents are given as William Basset (d.1410) and Katherine, the sister of Richard Stanhope.
William Basset's father is given as Thomas Basset of Fledburgh, Northamptonshire, England. No wife named.
Thomas Basset's parents are given as William Basset, senior (alive in 1383) and his wife Margaret (described only as a widow), alive in 1410.
William Basset (Senior)'s father is recorded as Richard Basset of Normanton.[1]
MARGERY MERING was born about 1430 of Staffordshire, England, to Sir William Mering (1405-1466) and Elizabeth Neville (1410-1488.) She married Thomas Bassett.
Margery Mering passed away about 1510 of England, age 80.
Children of Thomas Bassett and Margery Mering:
1. *SIR RICHARD BASSET (1455-1544)
2. Margaret Bassett (1470-1537)
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6.a.5.b. SIR HUGH HASTINGS KNIGHT (1437-1488)
ANNE GASCOGNE (1428-1488) \\
SIR HUGH HASTINGS KNIGHT was born about 1437 of Fenwick Manor, Campsall, Yorkshire, England, to Sir John Hastings (1411-1477) and Anne Morley (1413-1471.) He married Anne Gascogne before 21 April 1455, England.
Hugh Hastings died 7 June 1488, Fenwick Manor, Campsall, Yorkshire, England, age 51.
Titles: Knight; 5th Earl of Pembroke; 10th Baron.
Wikitree:
Sir Hugh Hastings the 10th Lord of Hastings was Knight of the Shire for Yorkshire, and Sheriff of Yorkshire, 1479-80. He was also steward of Tickhill.
Richardson says he was born about 1447 because he was aged 30 and more in 1477 (mentioned in his father's IPM).[2]
He married Anne Gascoigne before 12 April 1455. They had five sons:
• John, a knight
• George, a knight
• Brian, a knight
• Charles
• Robert
And 6 daughters:
• Muriel
• Isabel, wife of John Hotham, knight
• Katherine, wife of John Melton, knight[3]
• Elizabeth, wife of Ralph Salvain, knight
• Margaret, wife of John Grisacre
• Anne, married surname Wastlyn
He died June 7 1488 in Fenwick, Yorkshire. His wife survived him.
His siblings: Isabel b. abt 1444, Sir Edmund, Knight b. abt 1447, Robert, Esquire b. abt 1450.
His will was made 20 June 1482 and exists.[4] His inquisition post mortem mentions his exact death date.[5]
Fenwick Manor, Campsall, Yorkshire, England
ANNE GASCOGNE was born 5 June 1428, Gawthorpe, Yorkshire, England, to William Gascoigne (1398-1466) and Margaret Clarell (1397-1467.) She married Sir Hugh Hastings before 21 April 1455, England.
Anne Gascogne passed away 7 June 1488, Gawthorpe, Yorkshire, England, age 60.
Children of Hugh Hastings and Anne Gascogne:
1. Isabel Hastings (1456-1482)
2. Muriel Hastings (1460-1499)
3. Elizabeth Hastings (1462-)
4. *MARGARET HASTINGS (1464-1513)
5. Lord John Hastings (1466-1504)
6. Edward Hastings (1466-1504)
7. Robert Hastings (1467-)
8. Jane Hastings (1468-)
9. George Hastings (1469-1511)
10. Sir George Hastings (1470-1511)
11. Anne Hastings (1473-1572)
12. Charles Hastings (1474-)
13. Bryan Hastings (1476-1537)
14. Catherine Hastings (1478-1557)
15. Margery Hastings (1480-)
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6.a.5.b. SIR JOHN HASTINGS (1411-1477) \\
ANNE MORLEY (1413-1471) \\
SIR JOHN HASTINGS OF GRESSENHALL DUJURE was born 6 January 1411, Elsing, Yorkshire, England, to Sir Edward Hastings (1382-1438) and Muriel Dinham (1382-1412.) He married Anne Morley about 1434 of Norfolk, England.
John Hastings died 9 April 1477, Elsing, Yorkshire, England, age 66.
Titles: 9th Baron Hastings 1411-1417; Captain of Ssaint-Lo in the Cotenin; Esquire of Elsing, Gressenhll and Weasenham; Constable of Norwich Castle; Sheriff of Norwich.
Wikitree:
John Hastings, Esquire (armiger), was Lord Hastings as shown in Complete Peerage. He was Sheriff of Norwich, Constable of Norwich Castle & gaol. He was of Elsing, Gressenhall, & Weasenham, in Norfolk, England. He was Captain of Saint-Lô in the Cotentin (France) in Feb. 1437/8. He was age 26 in 1438, when his father died. He left a will on 8 April 1477.
Family
He and Anne Morley obtained a marriage license on 21 April 1434 (date of Papal Dispensation for being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred). They had 3 sons (Sir Hugh; Sir Edmund; & Robert) & 2 daughters (Isabel, wife of Sir Thomas Bosvile; & Elizabeth, wife of Sir Robert Hildyard).
Children:
• Sir Hugh
• Sir Edmund, 2nd son. m. Elenor Woodhouse, daughter of Edward of Kimberley
• Robert, 3rd son. m. Elizabeth Thwaytes
• Isabel, wife of Sir Thomas Bosvile
• Elizabeth, wife of Sir Robert Hildyard
The version of the Yorkshire visitation "D2" held by the college of arms also shows sons named John and Charles, and a daughter Meryall who married a Pierpoynt and had no children.[1]
Burial of John Hastings and wife Anne
He died on 9 April 1477 at Elsing, Norfolk, England; Buried in Gressenhall Church, Norfolk. This date and place is given in his inquisition post mortem which is transcribed in Latin by Carthew (p.209 "obiit apd Elsyng p'dict' die Marcurii in septia Pasche ultio jam p't'io").
His wife Anne had died in 1471.
Both were buried in the parish church of Gressenhall, Norfolk which was St. Mary's Church (Church of St. Mary the Virgin). The parish church of St. Mary's still exists and has a 15th century font and tower similar to that of the church at Castle Rising.[2]
Blomefield reports:[3]
In Hastings chantry on the pavement, lies a large marble stone, disrobed of its effigies, brass shields and ornaments; on a brass plate remaining,
Nobilitas gen'is quid p'dest, o'ia solvit, Mors que sub lapide ho. p'cerum duo corpora volvit; Morib; insigni comitu de sanguine natus, Pembrochie jacet hic John Hastyng pulv'e strat; Uxor et Anna sibi que sangui'e filia scitur De Morley, d'no moriens p. eum sepelitur. Quisquis et ista legas fusa prece siste, rogatus, Ut Deus amborum velit indulgere reatus. Ann. erat Christi poliando co'gru; isti Mill. quadringen; uno plus septuagenus.
[...]
On the gravestone of Sir John Hastings abovementioned, in the chapel of Hastings, there was, I find, these following verses which began the epitaph;
Hic stratus, si quo sit natus sanguine, quœris; A proavo genitam noscas cui nupserat heres Pembrochie Comitum Vallensis origine nata. Huic comites plures donec crudelia fata Extulerant pestem (Woodstock) te convoco testem Qui nece sub mœstâ cecidit dum frangitur hasta Hugo successit miles sibi qui sociavit Lordani Foliot natam, de qua generavit Hugonem sed huic Everingham nata potentis Nupsit, et Hugonis sit mater ad arma valentis Nata cui D'ni Spencer tedis generavit Edwardum, cui John Dinham natam sociavit. E quibus hoc tumuto stratus sit origo Johannes Cui requies detur cunctis viventibus annis Hugo, Roberte, quibus Edmundus frater habetur Poscatis precibus celis requiescere detur.
ANNE MORLEY was born about 1413 of Arundell, Sussex, England, to Baron Thomas de Morley (1394-1435) and Baroness Isabel De La Pole (1395-1466.) She married Sir John Hastings about 1434 of Norfolk, England.
Anne Morley passed away about 1471 of Fenwick, Northumberland, England, age 58.
Wikitree:
Anne Morley, daughter of Thomas Morley, Knight, 5th lord Morley, by Isabel, daughter of Michael de la Pole, Knight, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, married John Hastings, Esq., son and heir of Edward Hastings by Muriel Dinham. [1] The license was dated marriage license on 21 April 1434. [2] They had three sons, Hugh, Knight, Edmund, Knight and Robert, and two daughters, Isabel (wife of Thomas Bosville, Knight), and Elizabeth. [3] Anne died in 1471. [4]
She was buried with her husband in the chancel of the parish church of Gressenhall, Norfolk, St. Mary's Church (Church of St. Mary the Virgin). Confirmation received in 2008 from the Rector and the Church Warden. (see note in John Hastings biography)
p159 - daughter of Lady Morley of Norwich, relict of Lord Morley.
p36 - In the parish church of Hingham (Norfolk, England) on the north side of the chancel ... is a monument ..to Lord Morley. Lord Thomas Morley died in 1435, leaving Isabel, daughter of of Michael De-la-Pole, Earl of Suffolk, his widow, who died in 1466 and was buried in this church. Her will is dated 1464 ... and left legacies to John Hastyngs her son-in-law. and Anne his wife, her daughter ... with gifts to Isabell Boswell, daughter of the said Anne
Children of John Hastings and Anne Morley:
1. Maryell ‘Muriel” de Hastings (1429-1477)
2. Edmund de Hastings (1430-1487)
3. Elizabeth Hastings (1434-1477)
4. *SIR HUGH HASTINGS KNIGHT (1437-1488)
5. Isabel de Hastings (1437-149)
6. Charles de Hastings (1439-1488)
7. Edward de Hastings (1441-1505)
8. William de Hastings (1442-146)
9. Edmund Hastings (1442-1487)
10. Robert de Hastings (1444-1488)
11. Isabel de Hastings (1444-1490)
12. Robert de Hastings (1444-1505)
13. Sir Edmund Hastings (1499-)
14. Charles Hastings (1458-)
15. Elizabeth Hastings (1460-)
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6.a.5.c. SIR KNIGHT NICHOLAS WORTLEY JR. (1400-1488) \\
ISABEL TUNSTALL (1405-1492) \\
SIR KNIGHT NICHOLAS WORTLEY JR. was born about 1400 of Wortley, Yorkshire, England, to Sir Nicholas Wortley Sr. (1378-1448) and Elizabeth Waterton (1380-.) He married Isabel Tunstall about 1425 of Wortley, Yorkshire, England.
Nicholas Wortley died about 1488 of Wortley, Yorkshire, England, age 88.
ISABEL TUNSTALL was born about 1405 of Wortley, Barnsley, Yorkshire, England, to William Tunstall (1390-1431) and Anne Parr (1394-.) She married Nicholas Wortley about 1425 of Wortley, Yorkshire, England.
Isabel Tunstall passed away 21 March 1492, Thornhill, Yorkshire, England, age 87. Buried at St. Michael, Thornhill, Yorkshire, England:
Children of Nicholas Wortley and Isabel Tunstall:
1. *CATHERINE WORTLEY (1430-)
2. Joan Wortley (1431-)
3. Effame Mortley (1432-)
4. John Wortley (1435-)
5. Robert Wortley (1437-)
6. Nicholas Wortley (1439-1448)
7. Jane Wortley (1441-1478)
8. Margaret Emma Wortley (1443-1511)
9. Muriel Wortley (1443-)
10. Elizabeth Wortley (1446-)
11. Joan Wortley (1447-)
12. Isabel Wortley (1449-)
13. Cecily Wortley (1451-)
14. Isabel Wortley (1457-)
15. Sir Thomas Wortley (deceased)
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6.a.6.a. SIR JOHN ELRINGTON (1438-1483)
6.a.6.a.1. MAUDE DISNEY (1437-1483)
SIR JOHN ELRINGTON ws born aout 1438 of Hylton, Durham, England, to Simon Elrington Knight (1410-1451) and Margaret Echingham (1412-1485. He married Maude Disney about 1450 of Broom Park, Durham, England.
John Elrington died 12 December 1483, England, age 45. Buried at St. Leonard Churchyard, Shoreditch, Middlesex, England:
Wikitree:
Sir John Elrington may have been the son of Simon Elrington. Another John Elrington[1] was a contemporary of Sir John Elrington and may have also been a son of Simon Elrington and a brother to Sir John. Both Johns are mentioned extensively in early documents as the elder or younger but the Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III 1476-1485 defines Sir John Elrington as the younger:
"John Blakman, son of John brother of William Blakman, to John Elryngton the younger, knight, John Elryngton the elder, gentleman, John Gunthorpe clerk, ... in Berks, which he held by demise of Robert Forster and..."[2]
John Elrington performed many roles and held many titles including Clerk of the Hanaper, Treasurer of the household of King Edward IV, Sheriff of Surry and Sussex, Constable of Windsor Castle, Knight of the Body and Knight of the Shire of Middlesex.[3] John became Sir John Elrington when he was knighted in 1478.
Marriages and Family
He married firstly Maud Disney, daughter of John Disney and secondly, Margaret Echyngham/Etchingham, widow of Sir William Blount, Lord Mountjoy, who was killed at the Battle of Barnet on 14 April 1471. At the time of their marriage both John and Margaret were parents of young children. From his union with Maud Disney John Elrington had at least five children – Simon, John, Thomas, Jane and Anne. Margaret had produced four children with William Blount and the three youngest Edward, Elizabeth and Anne were living when she married for the second time. Another son John Blount had died as an infant.
Property associated with John Elrington
Fosham Manor, Aldbrough, Yorkshire
In April 1467 John Elrington, through his first wife Maud Disney, acquired the Manor of Fosham, Aldbrough, Yorkshire along with various other properties. [4] The Disney family had held Fosham from the 1300s.[5]
Great Dixter and Udimore, Sussex
Great Dixter and Udimore were were both originally properties of the Etchingham family. They passed to John Elrington and his second wife Margaret from her father Sir Thomas Etchingham. The Great Dixter house was built by Sir Thomas Etchingham between 1464 and 1479.[6] The original manor house was incorporated with another similar building brought from Kent in 1910-12 and some original features may still be visible.[7][8]
Udimore was dismantled in 1912 and re-erected in Groombridge, Kent.[9] There are a number of photographs and drawings of Udimore available in print publications[10] and online.
On 15 August 1479 John Elrington was given a licence to crenellate (fortify) Great Dixter and Udimore:[11]
August 15 1479 Guildford
Licence for John Elryngton, knight, treasurer of the household, and his heirs to build walls and towers with stone, lime and sand around and within his manors of Dixthern and Udymore, co. Sussex, and to crenellate the same and to impark and enclose all the lands, meadows, feedings, pastures and woods pertaining to the said manors, and grant that they shall have free warrend in all the demesnes and lands pertaining to the manors and a several fishery in the stanks and waters pertaining to them.[12]
Will
This is a partial summary of John's will which was proved 5 February 1484.[13] Family members mentioned are:
Margaret my wife
Simond my eldest son
John my second son
Thomas my third son
Edward my youngest son
Anne my daughter
Jane my daughter, wife of John Colt
Brother John Elrington
MAUDE DISNEY was born about 1437 of Stoke Newington, South Hornsey, London, England, to John Disney (1410-1461) and Margaret de Neville (1430-1492.) She married Sir John Elrington about 1450 of Broom Park, Durham, England.
Maud Disney passed away about 1483 of Shorditch, Haggerston, London, England, age 48.
Wikitree:
Mentioned in a land transaction as the wife of John Elrington.[1] Referred to as Matilda in a reference to her husband and the building of a chapel in the church at St Leonard, Shoreditch.[2]
Children of Sir John Elrington and Maude Disney:
1. Elizabeth Eldrington (1455-1509)
2. Lady Mary Jane Elrington (1455-1510)
3. Robert Elrington (1455-)
4. Jane Elrington (1465-1493)
5. SimonElrington (1470-1523)
6. John Elrington (-1504)
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6.a.6.a. SIMON ELRINGTON KNIGHT (1410-1451) \\
6.a.6.a.2. MARGARET ECHINGHAM (1412-1485) \\
SIMON ELRINGTON KNIGHT was born 1 October 1410 at Hoxto, Middlesex, England, to John Erlington (1380-1430) and Jane Unknown 1385-1415.) He married Margaret Echingham.
Simon Elrington died 9 January 1451, Hoxton, Middlesex, England, age 41.
Wikitree:
Simon Elrington was filazer of the Common Pleas 1442-75
MARGARET ECHINGHAM was born about 1412 of Etchingham, Sussex, England, to Sir Thomas Bryan De Echingham (1400-1444) and Elizabeth DeCokayne (1395-1473.) She married Simon Elrington about 1425 of South Hetton, Durham, England.
Margaret Echingham passed away after 14 June 1485, Shoreditch, Middlesex, England, age 73. Buried at St. Leonard Churchyard, Shoreditch, Micclesex, England:
Child of Simon Elrington Knight and Margaret Echingham:
1. *SIR JOHN ELRINGTON (1438-1483)
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6.a.6.b. JOHN TRUSBUT (1415-1452) \\
ELIZABETH CATERYKE (1418-1482) \\
JOHN TRUSBUT was born about 1415 of Thursbutt, Norfolk, England, to Thomas Trusbutt (1391-1452) and Alice Unknown (1400-.) He married Elizabeth Cateryke.
John Trusbut died about 1452 of Runcton Holme, Norfolk, England, age 37.
ELIZABETH CATERYKE was born about 1418 of Stanwick, Yorkshire, England, to John Cateryke (1394-) and Johanna Joan Knight (1398-1437.) She married John Trusbut.
Elizabeth Cateryke passed away about 1482 of Yrokshire, England, age 64,
Child of John Trusbut and Elizabeth Cateryke:
1. *JOHANNA TRUSBUT (1435-1473)
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6.a.2.a.1. CHRISTOPHER PEMBERTON, ESQ. (1501-1558)
6.a.2.a.1.a. JULYANNE RANDALL (1505-1581)\
CHRISTOPHER PEMBERTON, ESQUIRE was born a out 1501 of Solihull, Warwickshire, England, to John Pemberton (1475-1509) and Margaret Butler (1480-1514.) He married Julyanne Randall about 1522 of Solihull, Warwickshire, England.
Christopher Pemberton died 12 July 1558, Solihull, Warwickshire, England, age 57.
Wikitree:
Christopher Pemberton, Gentleman was born in 1501 in Solihull, Warwickshire, England, died on 12 July 1558 in Solihull, Warwickshire, England. He was married to July-Anne Randall aka Julianne Randall in 1522 in Solihull, Warwickshire, England. She was born in 1505 in Solihull, Warwickshire, England and died 14 August 1581 in Solihull, Warwickshire, England. Children 1. Robert Pemberton b: 5 Jan. 1523 Solihull, Warwickshire, England 2. Thomas Pemberton b: 1528 Solihull, Warwickshire England 3. Alice Pemberton b: 1529 Solihull, Warwickshire, England 4. Jone Pemberton b: 1530 Solihull, Warwickshire, England 5. Elizabeth Pemberton b: 1532 Solihull, Warwickshire, England
JULYANNE RANDALL was born about 1505 of Solihull, Birmingham, Warwickshire, England, to Sir John Randall/Randolph (1470-1522) and Lady Elizaeth Moreton Baroness (1478-1519.) She married Christopher Pemberton about 1522 of Solihull, Warwickshire, England.
Julyann Randall passed away 14 August 1581, Solihull, Warwickshire, England, age 76. Buried 16 August 1581, Solihull.
Wikitree:
July-Anne Randall aka Julyanne Randall in 1522 in Solihull, Warwickshire, England. She was born in 1505 in Solihull, Warwickshire, England and died 14 August 1581 in Solihull, Warwickshire, England.
1. Robert Pemberton b: 5 Jan. 1523 Solihull, Warwickshire, England 2. Thomas Pemberton b: 1528 Solihull, Warwickshire England 3. Alice Pemberton b: 1529 Solihull, Warwickshire, England 4. Jone Pemberton b: 1530 Solihull, Warwickshire, England 5. Elizabeth Pemberton b: 1532 Solihull, Warwickshire, England
2. https://www.ancestry.com/mediaui-viewer/tree/86571702/person/282144038192/media/affcd46a-e695-4d5a-b748-231abb243e59?usePUBJs=true Solihull, Warwickshire, England 1522 Marriage Julyanne Pemberton married Christopher Pemberton in Solihull, Warwickshire, England, in 1522 when she was 17 years old.
Children of Christopher Pemberton and Julyanne Randall:
1. *JANE PEMBERTON (1518-1602)
2. Sir Robert Pemberton (1520-1578)
3. Joan Pemberton (1525-1587)
4. Thomas Pemberton (1528-1585)
5. Alice Pemberton (1529-1587)
6. Thomas Pemberton (1529-)
7. Joane Pemberton (1530-1585)
8. Alice Pemberton (1530-)
9. Elizabeth Pemberton (1532-)
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6.a.2.a.1. JOHN PEMBERTON (1475-1509)
6.a.2.a.1.b. MARGARET BUTLER (1480-1514)
JOHN PEMBERTON was born about 1475 of Solihull, Warwickshire, England, to Geoffrey Pemberton (1445-1500) and Alice de Lago (1442-1514.) He married Margaret Butler about 1500 of Solihull, Warwickshire, England.
John Pemberton died 1 February 1509, Solihull, Warwickshire, England, age 34.
Wikitree:
Death:
Date: 01 FEB 1504/05
Place: Solihull, England
MARGARET BUTLER was born about 1480 of Solihull, Warwickshire, England, to Thomas Butler (1426-1515) and Anne Hankford (1431-1485.) She married John Pemberton about 1500 of Solihull, Warwickshire, England.
Margaret Butler passed away about 1514 of Wellingborough, Northampton, England, age 34.
Children of John Pemberton and Margaret Butler:
1. *Christopher Pemberton (1501-1558)
2. Edward Pemberton (deceased)
3. Laura Pemberton (deceased)
4. Rachel Pemberton (deceased)
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6.a.2.a.1. GEOFFREY PEMBERTON (1445-1500)
6.a.2.a.1.c. ALICE DE LAGO (1442-1514)
GEOFFREY PEMBERTON was born about 1445 of Heyford, Daventry, Northampton, England, to William Pemberton (1415-) and Unknown. He married Alice De Labo about 1474, of Solihull, Warwickshire, England.
Geoffrey Pemberton died about 1500 of Solihull, Warwickshire, England, age 55.
Wikitree:
Geoffrey Pemberton was born about 1445, Solihull, Birmingham, Warwickshire, England.
ALICE DE LAGO was born about 1442 of Newcastle under Lyme, Staffordshire, England, toStephen De Lago (1430-) and Mary Unknown (1435-.) She married Geoffrey Pemberton about 1474 of Solihull, Warwickshire, England.
Alice de Lago passed away about 1514 of Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, England, age 72.
Children of Geoffrey Pemberton and Alice De Labo:
1. Edward Henry Pemberton (1460-1543)
2. *JOHN PEMBERTON (1475-1509)
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6.a.2.a.1. WILLIAM PEMBERTON (1415-) \\
UNKNOWN \\
WILLIAM PEMBERTON was born about 1415 of Somershale, Lancashire, England, to Sir William Pemberton (1390-1454) and Mary Walmsley (1394-1425.) He married Unknown.
William Pemberton died at unknown date.
Child of Mr. and Mrs. William Pemberton:
1. *GEOFFREY PEMBERTON (1445-1500)
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6.a.2.b.1. SIR RICHARD OXFORD WROTTESLEY (1457-1524)
6.a.2.b.1.a. LADY MARGARET SUTTON (1463-1517)
SIR RICHARD OXFORD WROTTESLEY SHERIFF OF STAFFORDSHIRE was born about 1457 of Wrottesley, Staffordshire, England, to Walter Wrottesley (1434-1473) and Jane Baron (1425-1481.) He married Lady Margaret Sutton about 1473 of Dudley Castle, Dudley, West Midlands, England.
Richard Wrottesley died about 1524, age 67. Buried in the vaults beneath the east end of Tettenhall Church, Staffordshire, England.
Wikitree:
Titles of Richard Wrottesley (Royal Ancestry):
Sheriff of Staffordshire, 1492-3, 1502, 1516-17
Richard Wrottesley, Esq., Sheriff of Staffordshire was born circa 1457 at of Wrottesley & Butterton, Staffordshire, England.[1][2][3]
Marriage & Children
He married Dorothy Sutton, daughter of Sir Edmund Sutton and Matilda Clifford, before 1473, They had 9 sons and 9 daughters, including:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
1. Walter, Esq
2. Thomas
3. John
4. Henry
5. George
6. Jane, wife of Richard Cressett
7. Eleanor, wife of Edmund Liversedge, & of Sir Henry Long
8. Anne, wife of Thomas Leveson
9. Margery, wife of James Leveson
10. Elizabeth
11. Jane
12. Isabel
13. Alice
14. Margaret, wife of Humphrey Onslow
Death
Richard Wrottesley, Esq., Sheriff of Staffordshire left a will in 1518. He died between July 1522 and 3 June 1524; Buried 'with incised slab' at St. Michael and All Angels Parish Church, Tettenhall, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, England.[1][2][3]
Dudley Castle, Dudley, England
Tettenhall Church, Staffordshire, England.
Richard and Margaret’s Tom depicts their 16 children: 9 sons (5 who reached adulthood) and 7 daughters (all of whom appeared to have survived to become adults.)
LADY MARGARET SUTTON BARONESS OF DUDLEY was born about 1463 of Dudley Castle, Staffordshire, England, to Edmund Sutton (1425-1483) and Matilda “Maud” Clifford (1442-1491.) She married Sir Richard Wrottesley about 1473 of Dudley Castle, Dudley, England.
Dudley Castle, Dudley, England
Margaret Sutton passed away about 1517 of Tettenhall, Staffordshire, England, age 54.
Wikitree:
Father Sir Edmund Sutton[1] b. c 1435, d. bt 6 Jul 1483 - 1486
Mother Matilda Clifford[2] b. c 1441, d. a 1481
Dorothy Sutton was born circa 1466 at Dudley Castle, Staffordshire, England.[3]
She married Richard Wrottesley, Esq., Sheriff of Staffordshire, son of Sir Walter Wrottesley and Jane Baron, before 1473; They had 9 sons (including Walter, Esq; Thomas; John; Henry; & George) and 9 daughters (including Jane, wife of Richard Cressett; Eleanor, wife of Edmund Liversedge, & of Sir Henry Long; Anne, wife of Thomas Leveson; Margery, wife of James Leveson; Elizabeth; Jane; Isabel; Alice; & Margaret, wife of Humphrey Onslow).[4]
Dorothy Sutton died in 1517; Buried at Tettenhall, Staffordshire.[5]
She was buried with her husband at St. Michael and All Angels Parish Church, Tettenhall, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. It was noted that both were buried "with incised slab."
Family
• Richard Wrottesley, Esq., Sheriff of Staffordshire b. c 1457, d. bt Jul 1522 - 3 Jun 1524
Children
• Walter, Esq
• Thomas
• John
• Henry
• George
• Jane, wife of Richard Cressett
• Eleanor, wife of Edmund Liversedge, & of Sir Henry Long
• Anne, wife of Thomas Leveson
• Margery, wife of James Leveson
• Elizabeth
• Jane II
• Isabel
• Alice
• Margaret, wife of Humphrey Onslow
Children of Sir Richard Wrottesley and Lady Margaret Sutton:
1. *JANE WROTTESLEY (1475-1513)
2. Walter Wrottesley (1483-1521)
3. Sir Walter Wrottesley (1483-1563)
4. Sir William Wrottesley (1483-1563)
5. Joan Wrottesley (1485-1546)
6. George Wrottesley (1485-)
7. Lady Eleanor Wrottesley (1487-1543)
8. Thomas Wrottesley (1491-)
9. Ysabell Wrottesley (1495-)
10. John Wrottesley (1497-)
11. Alys Wrottersley (1500-1530)
12. Henry Wrottesley (1501-)
13. Margaret Wrottesley (1503-)
14. Thomas Wrottesley (1509-)
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6.a.2.b.1. SIR WALTER WROTTESLEY ESQ. (1434-1473)
6.a.2.b.1.b. JANE BARON (1425-1481)
SIR WALTER WROTTESLEY ESQUIRE was born about 1434 of Wrottesley, Staffordshire, England, to Hugh Wrottesley (1400-1464) and Thomasine de Gresley (1410-1480.) He married Jane Baron.
Walter Wrottesley died 10 April 1473, Wrottesley, Staffordshire, England, age 39.
He was High Sherriff of Staffordshire and a Knight.
Wikitree:
Sir Walter Wrottesley of Staffordshire, was the son of Hugh Wrottesley and Thomasine Gresley.[1]
He married Joan (Jane), daughter of William Baron, esq. of Reading, Berkshire, Teller of the Exchequer.[2]
Marriage
m. (c. 1456) Jane "Joan" Baron (b. c. 1435 - d. abt. 1481).[1][3] Issue:
• (son and h.) Richard Wrottesley, esq. of Wrottesley and Butterton, Staffordshire.[1][4][2]
m. (probably ante 1473) Dorothy Sutton.[2]
• William Wrottesley of Reading, Berkshire.[4][5][3]
• (son) _____.[4]
• Anne.[1]
m. Sir Richard Beauchamp, 6th Lord Amand
• Thomasine.[6]
m. William Stourton, 5th Baron Stourton[7]
• Dame Parnelle, nun at Dartford (b. 1463/73).[3]
• Jane (b. c. 1456).[1]Better Citation Needed
Property
On 26 January 1461–2 he is styled a ‘king's knight,’ and was granted the manors of Ramsham and Penpole, Dorset, formerly belonging to William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent.
Grants of the manors of Clynte, Hondesworth, and Mere in Staffordshire, formerly belonging to the Lancastrian James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire, soon followed.
On June 14, 1463 he was one of those to whom Warwick was allowed to alienate manors and castles, although their reversion might belong to the crown.
Occupation
Walter joined Warwick in his attempt to overthrow the Woodvilles. When Henry VI was restored in 1471, Wrottesley was put in command of Calais, a Neville stronghold. After Warwick's defeat and death at Barnet on April 14, Walter surrendered Calais to Edward IV on condition of a free pardon.
• adherent of Warwick "the king-maker"
• 07 Nov 1460: High Sheriff of Staffordshire.
• 1471: commanded Calais
• 1492–3: Sheriff of Staffordshire
Descendants
• Sir Walter Wrottesley (d. 1659) - created baronet on 30 Aug 1642
• Sir Richard Wrottesley, 7BT (d. 1769) -- Dean of Worcester and grandfather of John, 1st Baron Wrottesley
JANE BARON was born about 1425 of Reading, Berkshire, England, to William Baron (Teller) (1407-1478) and Joan Knollys (1412-.) She married Sir Walter Wrottesley.
Jane Baron passed away after 1481, Burton, Sussex, England, age 56. Buried at St. Mark’s Church, Lancashire, England:
Wikitree:
Jane Baron (b. c. 1435 - d. after 1481) of Reading, Berkshire[1][2][3] is the daughter of William Baron.[4]
Marriages
Her first husband was Sir Walter Wrottesley, son of Hugh Wrottesley, esq. and Thomasine Gresley.[1][5][2][3] They married c. 1456.[4][6]
After Walter died, Jane remarried to Sir Richard Darrell some time before 1479. He was Sheriff of Wiltshire and Sub-Treasurer of England. His parents were Sir William Darrell, Sheriff of Wiltshire and Elizabeth Calston.[2][3]
Children of Walter Wrottesley and Jane Baron:
1. *SIR RICHARD OXFORD WROTTESLEY (1457-1524)
2. William Wrottesley (1459-1512)
3. Henry Wrottesley (1461-1521)
4. Lady Alice Wrottesley (1470-)
5. Parnell Wrottesley (1473-)
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6.a.2.b.1. SIR HUGH WROTTESLEY (1400-1464) \\
THOMASINE GRESLEY (1410-1480) \\
SIR HUGH WROTTESLEY was born 14 September 1400, Staffordshire, England, to John Wrottesley (1379-1402 and Elizabeth de Standish (1376-1441.) He married Thomasine Gresley.
Hugh Wrottesley died about 1464 of Wrottesley, Staffordshire, England, age 64.
Wikitree:
Hugh was the son of John Wrottesley and Elizabeth De Standish. He married Thomasine Gresley about 1425. They were the parents of:
• Isabel
• Elizabeth
• Walter
Name
Name: Hugh /WROTTESLEY/[1][2][3]
Birth
Birth:
Date: 14 SEP 1400
Place: Staffordshire, England[4][5][6]
Death
Death:
Date: 1464
Place: Wrottesley, Staffordshire, England[7][8][9]
THOMASINE GRESLEY was born about 1410 of Drakelow, Derbyshire, England, to John Gresley (1386-1449) and Elizabeth Clarell (1390-1448.) She married Hugh Wrottesley.
Thomasine Gresley passed away 25 December 1480, Derbyshire, England, age 70.
Wikitree:
Thomasine Gresley was born circa 1410 at Drakelow, Derbyshire, England, the daughter of John Gresley and Elizabeth Clarell.[1]
She married Hugh Wrottesley, Esq., son of John de Wrottesley and Elizabeth Standish, circa 1431 at England.[1][2][3]
They were the parents of:
1. Isabel[citation needed]
2. Elizabeth[2][3]
3. Walter[1]
Children of Sir Hugh Wrottesley and Thomasine Gresley:
1. Jane Wrottesley (1426-1457)
2. *WALTER WROTTESLEY (1434-1473)
3. Hugh Edward Wrottesley (1438-1461)
4. Jane Wrottesley (1464-)
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6.a.2.b.2. SIR ROGER CORBET SHERIFF (1412-1467) \\
LADY ELIZABETH STANLEY HOPTON (1420-1498) \\
SIR ROGER CORBET SHERIFF OF SHROPSHIRE was born about 1412 of Moreton Corbet, Shropshire, England, to Sir Robert Corbet Sheriff (1383-1420) and Lady Margaret Mallory (1397-1439.) He married Lady Elizabeth Stanley Hopton about 1450 of England.
Roger Corbet died 8 June 1467, Moreton Corbet, Shropshire, England, age 55.
Wikitree:
Father Robert Corbet, Esq., Sheriff & Justice of the Peace of Shropshire[1] b. c 1383, d. 12 Aug 1420
Mother Margaret[2] b. c 1387, d. 26 Jan 1439
Sir Roger Corbet, Sheriff of Shropshire was born circa 1415 at of Moreton Corbet & Shawbury, Shropshire, England.2,4,5
He married Elizabeth Hopton, daughter of Sir Thomas Hopton and Eleanor Lucy, before 1448; They had 2 sons (Sir Richard; & Robert) and 4 daughters (Anne, wife of Thomas Sturry, Esq; Mary, wife of Thomas Thornes, Esq; Jane, wife of Thomas Cresssett, Esq; & Elizabeth, wife of Sir Richard Cholmondeley).[3] Sir Roger Corbet, Sheriff of Shropshire died on 8 June 1467.[4]
Family
• Elizabeth Hopton b. c 1427, d. 22 Jun 1498
Children
• Sir Richard
• Robert
• Anne, wife of Thomas Sturry, Esq
• Mary, wife of Thomas Thornes, Esq
• Jane, wife of Thomas Cresssett, Esq
• Elizabeth, wife of Sir Richard Cholmondeley
LADY ELIZABETH STANLEY HOPTON COUNTESS OF WORCESTER was born about 1420 of Hopton Castle, Shropshire, England, to Thomas Hopton (1388-1445) and Eleanor Lucy (1407-1460.) She married (1) *Robert Corbet about 1450 of England; (2) Sir William Brewes..
Elizabeth Hopton passed away 22 June 1498, Hopton Castle, Shropshire, England, age 78.
Wikitree:
Elizabeth Hopton, daughter of Thomas and Eleanor (Lucy) Hopton, married Robert Corbet before 1448. They had two sons and four daughters, including Mary (wife of Thomas Thornes). See below for their other children, as well as her children by John Tiptoft (her second husband), and the children of William Stanley (her third husband). Elizabeth died 22 June 1498.[1]
1427 Birth
Elizabeth Hopton was born circa 1427[2][3] at Staunton-on-Arrow, Herefordshire, England.[4]
Parents
Elizabeth Hopton was the daughter of Thomas Hopton and Eleanor Lucy.[1]
1448 First Marriage to Sir Roger Corbet
She married, firstly, before 1448, Sir Roger Corbet, Sheriff of Shropshire, son of Robert Corbet, Esq., Sheriff & Justice of the Peace of Shropshire and Margaret, before 1448.[1]
Sir Roger Corbet died 8 June 1467.[1]
1467 Second Marriage to Sir John Tiptoft
Elizabeth Hopton married secondly, about September 1467, as his third wife, Sir John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester, 2nd Lord Tiptoft, Lord High Treasurer, Constable of England & the Tower of London,[1] son of Sir John Tiptoft, 1st Lord Tiptoft, Speaker of the House of Commons, Chief Butler, Treasurer of the Exchequer, Seneschal of Landes & Aquitaine and Joyce de Cherleton, at Ludlow, Shropshire, England;[4] Pardon for marrying without a license dated 9 May 1468.[1]
Elizabeth and Sir John Tiptoft had one son.[1][5] Sir John Tiptoft was beheaded on Tower Hill 18 October 1470 and was buried in the Church of the Black Friars by Ludgate.[2]
1471 Third Marriage to Sir William Stanley
Elizabeth Hopton married thirdly, before 7 December 1471, Sir William Stanley,[1] Sheriff of Flintshire, Constable of Beaumaris, Caernafon, Bromffield & Rhuddlan Castles, Steward of Denbigh, Chamberlain of Chester, son of Sir Thomas Stanley, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Lord of Latham and Knowsley, 1st Lord Stanley, Constable & Justice of Chester and Joan Goushill.[4]
1498 Death
Elizabeth Hopton died on 22 June 1498.[1]
Issue
Children with Sir Roger Corbet
Elizabeth Hopton and Sir Roger Corbet had 2 sons & 4 daughters. They would have been born between 1448 and 1468 (Roger and Elizabeth married "before 1448" and Roger died 8 June 1467).[1]
• Sir Richard Corbet,[1] born Moreton-Corbet 1451,[citation needed] married Elizabeth Devereux[1]
• Robert Corbet[1]
• Anne Corbet,[1] born Moreton-Corbet, 1438,[citation needed] married John Sturry, Esq.[1]
• Mary Corbet,[1] born Shropshire, 1450,[citation needed] married Thomas Thornes, Esq.[1]
• Jane (or Joan) Corbet,[1] born Moreton-Corbet, 1447,[citation needed] married (1) John Twynyho, (2) Thomas Cressett, Esq.[1]
• Elizabeth Corbet,[1] born Moreton-Corbet, 1448,[citation needed] married Sir Richard Cholmondeley[1]
Children with Sir John Tiptoft
Elizabeth and Sir john Tiptoft had one son:
• Edward, 2nd Earl of Worcester, 3rd Lord Tiptoft,[1] born, say, 1468
Children with Sir William Stanley
Note: Richardson lists the following children (William, Jane or Joan, and Katherine), as William Stanley's children by "an uncertain wife" (and also lists another child, Thomas, by an unidentified mistress).[1]
Elizabeth and Sir William Stanley had 1 son & 2 daughters:[3]
• Sir William (Stanley) of Tatton Esq, born 1472
• Jane or Joan Stanley born Cheshire 1471. Married Sir John Warburton
• Katherine, wife of Thomas Cocat
Research Notes
The Magna Carta Project review (see below) verified information attributed to Richardson's Royal Ancestry. The information about William Stanley's children was not verified, since Richardson does not attribute them to Elizabeth Hopton. ~ Noland-165 20:38, 25 December 2017 (EST)
Hopton Castle, Shropshire, England
Children of Roger Corbet and Elizabeth Stanley:
1. John Corbet (1441-1477)
2. Joan Corbet (1447-1492)
3. Anne Corbet or Corbit (1447-1517)
4. *JOAN CORBET (1447-1520)
5. Elizabeth Corbet (1448-)
6. Mary Corbet (1448-)
7. Roger Corbet III (1449-1477)
8. Sir Richard Corbet (1451-1493)
9. Reginald Corbet (1453-)
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6.a.4.a.1. SIR WILLIAM OTLEY, SHERIFF (1466-1529)
6.a.4.a.1.a. LADY MARGERIA LEIGHTON BRUYN (1472-1530)
SIR WILLIAM OTLEY, HIGH SHERIFF OF SHROPSHIRE was born about 1466 of Pitchford Hall, Pitchford, Shropshire, England, to Thomas Oteley (1440-1485) and Anne Scriven (1429-1486.) He married Lady Margeria Leighton Bruyn about 1487 of Bridgnorth, Shropshire, England.
William Otley died 26 September 1529, Pitchford Hall, Pitchford, Shropshire, England, age 63.
Wikitree:
According to Hawkesbury William was eighteen years old at the time, 1487, of the Inquisition Post Mortem following his father's death. This would place his birth date at 1469.
Children: Alicia (1488), Jocosa (1489), Thomas (1490), Maria (1492), Johanna (1493), Katherin (1494), Jana (1496), Dorothy (1497), Adam (1499), Margery (1500), Roger (1502), Anna (1504), Thomas (1506).
William was high sheriff of Shropshire in 1500.
William was a patron of the Pitchford church. He instituted Sir Richard Otteley as chaplain on December 9 1509 (probably a brother or uncle), and when he died he instituted Sir John Menlove as priest on February 23 1520. William's son Roger was instituted as rector here in 1534; Roger died in 1563.
LADY MARGERIA LEIGHTON BRUYN was born in April 1472, Bridgnorth, Shropshire, England, to John Bruyn (1443-) and Jane Leighton (1450-.) She married Sir William Otley about 1487 of Bridgnorth, Shropshire, England.
Margeria Leighton Bruyn passed away about 1530 of Pitchford Hall, Pitchford, Shropshire, England, age 58.
Wikitree:
The Visitations call her Margeria fil. & heir Joh'is Bruyn de Brugeoorth (the Hay near Bridgenorth; her will dated 1530)
Children of William Otley and Margeria Leighton Bruyn:
1. Sir Thomas Otley (1490-1534)
2. Maria Oteley (1492-)
3. Johanna Oteley (1493-)
4. Alicia Oteley (1495-)
5. Ann Oteley (1496-1543)
6. Jana or Jane Oteley (1496-)
7. Dorithea Oteley (1497-)
8. Adam Oteley (1499-)
9. Lady Joan Oteley (1500-)
10. Margery Oteley (1500-)
11. Walter Oteley (1501-)
12. Roger Oteley(1502-)
13. Richard Oteley (1503-)
14. Anna Oteley (1504-)
15. Daughter Oteley (1508-)
16. Jocosa Oteley (1508-)
17. *KATHERINE OTELEY (1511-)
18. Edward Oteley (1515-1574)
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6.a.4.a.1. LORD THOMAS OTELEY (1440-1485) \\
6.a.4.a.1.b. ANNE SCRIVEN (1429-1486)
LORD THOMAS OTELEY was born about 1440 of Pitchford, Shropshire, England, to Philip Oteley (1395-) and Anna Lacon (1396-.) He married (1) Anne Blount, 1455; (2) *Anne Scriven 1455.
Thomas Oteley died 25 April 1485, Pitchford, Shropshire, England, age 45.
Wikitree:
Children with Anne Scriven: Elizabeth (1457), Jane (1460), Maria (1463), William (1469), John (1471), Richard (1473),
Children with Jane Blount: Edward, Humphrey, George, Anne, Elizabeth, Mary.
A merchant in Shrewsbury who bought the manor at Pitchford.
ANNE SCRIVEN was born about 1429 of Frodesley, Shropshire, England, to Robert Scriven (1417-1496) and Elizabetha Alice Corbet (1406-.) She married Lord Thomas Oteley, 1455.
Anne Scriven passed away about 1486 of Pitchford Hall, Shropshire, England, age 57.
Children of Thomas Oteley and Anne Scriven:
1. *SIR WILLIAM OTLEY (1466-1529)
2. Richard Otley (1467-1520)
3. John Oteley (1471-)
4. Jana or Jane Oteley (1473-)
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6.a.4.a.3. ROLAND JAY (1419-) \\
ISABELLA UNKNOWN (1420-) \\
ROLAND JAY was born about 1419 of Jaye, Telford, Shropshire, England, to John Jay (1397-) and Unknown (1398-.) He married Isabella Unknown about 1441, Jay, Shropshire, England.
Roland Jay died at unknown date and place.
Wikitree:
Birth and Parentage
Sir Rouland Jay of Jay, Kt was the father of Elianora who married Thomas Jennings.[1]
Birth year estimate of 1430 based on birth years of descendants.
Issue
Elianora fil et her Rolandi Jay de Jay in co. Salop. Mil m. Thomas Jennings
Children of Roland and Isabella Jay:
1. Elizabeth Jay (1442-)
2. *ELEANORA JAY (1444-)
3. Elizabeth Jaye (1460-)
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6.a.5.a.1. SIR JOHN DUNHAM (1450-1524)
6.a.5.a.1.a. ELIZABETH BOWETT (1445-1501)
SIR JOHN DUNHAM was born 30 March 1450, Dunham On Trent, Nottinghamshire, England, to Robert Dunham (1410-1463) and Margaret Elizabeth Stafford (1435-1500.) He married Elizabeth Bowett about 1471 of Yorkshire, England.
John Dunham died 9 November 1524, Kirlington, Nottinghamshire, England, age 74.
Wikitree:
Millennium File about John (Sir) Dunham Name: John (Sir) Dunham Gender: Male Birth Date: 1450 Birth Place: Dunham-on-trent, Notts, England Death Date: 9 Nov 1524 Death Place: Kirklington, Notts, England Marriage Date: 1471
• Father: Robert Dunham
• Mother: Margaret Stafford Unknown Stanford in Com. Darby.[1]
Spouse: Elizabeth Bowett Children: John (Sir) Dunham Spouse Father: Nicholas Bowett Spouse Mother: Elizabeth La Zouche
ELIZABETH BOWETT was born about 1445 of Lincolnshire, England, to Nicholas Bowett (1408-1451) and Elizabeth la Zouche (1395-1440.) She married Sir John Dunham about 1471 of Yorkshire, England.
Elizabeth Bowett passed away 17 March 1501, Kirklington, Nottinghamshire, England, age 56.
Wikitree:
Elizabeth's grandmother Margaret (Burgh) Zouche possessed a great number of estates and property, that came from her father and half brother as well as being the heir of her 1st husband Sir John Lowdham of Nottinghamshire, and her 2nd husband Sir John Zouche, son of the 3rd Lord Zouche. The manor of Kirklington was one of the most significant and was the residence of her grandmother (d 1451)
Elizabeth Bowett/Bowet, heir of Kirklington[1]
Birth: ABT 1440 in Rippingale, Bourne, Lincolnshire, England
Death: 17 MAR 1501/02 in Kirklington, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England
Marriage 1 William CHAWORTH b: ABT 1430 in Wiverton Hall, Bingham, Nottinghamshire, England
Marriage 2 John DUNHAM & Kirklington b: ABT 1445 in Dunham, East Retford, Nottinghamshire, England; m: AFT 1467 [1]
Children of John Dunham and Elizabeth Bowett:
1. Marie Dunham (1471-)
2. *ELIZABETH DUNHAM (1473-1541)
3. John Thomas Dunham II (1474-1502)
4. Frances Dunham (1474-)
5. Sir John Dunham II (1474-1525)
6. Anne Dunham (1475-)
7. John Dunham (1476-1502)
8. Marie Dunham (1476-)
9. Anne Dunham (1480-)
10. Marie Dunham (1480-)
11. Marie Dunham (1482-)
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5.a.5.a.1. ROBERT DUNHAM (1410-1463) \\
MARGARET ELIZABETH STAFFORD (1435-1500) \\
ROBERT DUNHAM was born 1 January 1410, Dunham, Nottinghamshire, England, to Gregoire Dunham (1382-1474) and Elizabeth Maryuge (1408-1496.) He married Margaret Elizabeth Stafford about 1449 of Dunham, Nottinghamshire, England.
Robert Dunham died 3 January 1463, England, age 53.
MARGARET ELIZABETH STAFFORD was born about 1435 of Buckingham, Buckingham, England, to unknown parents. She married Robert Dunham about 1449 of Dunham, Nottinghamshire, England.
Margaret Elizabeth Stafford passed away 17 March 1500, Staffordshire, England, age 65.
Child of Robert Dunham and Margaret Stafford:
1. *SIR JOHN DUNHAM (1450-1524)
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6.a.5.a.2. SIR WILLIAM MERING (1405-1466) \\
6.a.5.a.2.a. ELIZABETH NEVILLE (1410-1488) \\
SIR WILLIAM MERING was born about 1405 of Mering, Nottinghamshire, England, to Sir William Mering (1360-1451) and Millicent Maud Beckering (1345-1419.) He married Elizabeth Neville.
William Mering died in November 1466, England, age 61.
Wikitree:
William (b. aft. 1409), son of Wm. Mering & Millicent Beckering (d. Sep 1419). His parents married in 1409.
Marriage
m. Elizabeth, dau. of Robert Deville and Alice de Longford.
Child: Margery Mering (1430-1510 md. Thomas Bassett
ELIZABETH NEVILLE was born about 1410 of Rolleston, Nottinghamshire, England, to Robert de Neville (1364-1420) and Alice de Longford (1370-.) She married Sir William Mering.
Elizabeth Neville passed away about 1488 of Nottinghamshire, England, age 78.
Wikitree:
Elizabeth, dau. of Robert De Neville (1364-1420) and Alice de Longford (1370-)
Marriage
m. William Mering, esq. of Mering (b. aft. 1409). Issue:
• Margery Mering (1430-1510) md. Thomas Bassettm.
Child of William Mering and Elizabeth Neville:
1. *MARGERY MERING (1430-1510)
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6.a.6.a.1. JOHN DISNEY (1410-1461) \\
(Killed in the Battle of Towton)
MARGARET DE NEVILLE (1430-1492) \\
JOHN DISNEY was born about 1410 of Norton Disney, Lincolnshire, England, to Sir John D’Isney and Lucy De Felton (1377-.) He married (1) Katherine Leake; (2) *Margaret De Neville.
John Disney died 29 March 1461, Towton, Yorkshire, England, age 51. Killed in the Battle of Towton.
MARGARET DE NEVILLE was born about 1430 of England, to unknown parents. She married John Disney.
Margaret De Neville passed away about 1492 of England, age 62.
Children of John Disney and Margaret De Neville:
1. *MAUD DISNEY (1437-1483)
2. John Dawson Disney (1455-1556)
3. Edward Disney (deceased)
4. Thomas Disney (deceased)
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6.a.6.a.2. SIR THOMAS BRYAN DE ECHINGHAM (1400-1444) \\
ELIZABETH DE COKAYNE (1395-1473) \\
SIR THOMAS BRYAN DE ECHINGHAM was born about 1400 of Echingham, Sussex, England, to Sir Knight Thomas Echingham (1364-) and Unknown. He married Elizabeth De Cokayne.
Thomas Echingham died 11 October 1444, Ticehurst, Sessex, England, age 44.
ELIZABETH DE COKAYNE was born about 1395 of England to unknown parents. She married Sir Thomas Bryan De Echingham.
Elizabeth De Cokayne passed away about 1473 of England, age 78.
Child of Thomas Echingham and Elizabeth De Cokayne:
1. *MARGARET ECHINGHAM (1412-1485)
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6.a.2.a.1.a. SIR JOHN RANDALL/RANDOLPH (1470-1522)
6.a.2.a.1.a.1. LADY ELIZABETH MORETON (1478-1519)
SIR JOHN RANDALL/RANDOLPH was born about 1470 of Little Missenden, Buckinghamshire, England, to John Randall (1430-1482) and Erica Stokes (1436-1486.) He married Lady Elizabeth Moreton about 1497 of Buckingham, England.
John Randall died 24 January 1522, Hamsey, Sussex, England, age 52.
LADY ELIZABETH MORETON BARONESS FITZRANDOLPH QUEEN CONSORT was born about 1478 of Astley, Wwarwickshire, England, to Ralph De Morton (1463-1531) and Unknown.
Elizabeth Moreton passed away 25 November 1519, Little Missenden, Buckinghamshire, England, age 41.
Child of John Randall and Elizabeth Moreton:
1. *JULYANNE RANDALL (1505-1581)
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6.a.2.a.1.a. JOHN RANDALL (1430-1482) \\
6.a.2.a.1.a.1. ERICA STOKES (1436-1486)
JOHN RANDALL was born about 1430 of England, to unknown parents. He married Erica Stokes.
John Randall died about 1482 of England, age 52.
ERICA STOKES was born 12 September 1436, Sussex, England, to Lord Thomas Stokes Lord of Seend (1425-1495) and Mary Ellen de Roos (1420-1501.) She married John Randall.
Erica Stokes died about 1486 of Sussex, England, age 50.
Child of John Randall and Erica Stokes:
1. *SIR JOHN RANDALL/RANDOLPH (1470-1522)
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6.a.2.a.1.b. THOMAS BUTLER (1426-1515) \\
ANNE HANKFORD (1431-1485) \\
THOMAS BUTLER was born about 1426 of Kikenny Castle, Ormonde, Kerry, Munster, Ireland, to James Butler (1392-1452) and Joan de Beauchamp (1396-1430.) He married (1) *Anne Hankford 11 July 1445, London, Middlesex, England; (2) Lora Berkeley.
Kikenny Castle, Ormonde, Kerry, Munster, Ireland
Thomas Butler Died 3 August 1515, St Thomas Acon, London, England, age 89. Buried at Church of Saint Thomas of Acon, London, England:
4 May 1471 He fought in the Battle of Tewkesbury, where he was captured by the Yorkists.
Wikitree:
Thomas Butler 7th Earl of Ormonde was born about 1424.[1]
Thomas was the son of Joan Beauchamp, b. Abt 1396, d. 3 Aug 1430, Shere, Surrey, England, and James IV Le Butler, Earl Of Ormonde, b. 1392, d. 23 Aug 1452, Ardennes, Luxembourg, Netherlands.
Thomas had siblings:
1. James, Earl of Wiltshire & Ormonde;[1]
Thomas was made an esquire in 1442.[1] He was attainted in November 1464, and restored in October or November 1472.[1] He succeeded his brother James as Earl of Ormonde and Chief Butler of Ireland, on 14 October 1478.[1] On 5 July 1483 Thomas was knighted.[1] As Baron Rochford he was summoned to Parliament on 14 October 1495.[1]
Thomas was appointed Chief Inspector and Commission of Array in counties Devon and Cornwall on 17 December 1484.[1] Between 15 February 1486 and February 1502, he was Lord Chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth (of York).[1] He was Joint Ambassador to treat with Bretagne, 19 July, 1486; Chief Ambassador to France, September, 1492; and Ambassador to Burgundy in 1497.[1] Thomas was appointed Privy Counsellor on 17 December 1504.[1] In 1509, he became Lord Chamberlain to the Queen, Katherine of Aragon.[1] He was appointed Justice of the Peace in co Devon in December 1484 and in co Essex.[1]
Thomas married Anne Hankford, the daughter and heir of Sir Richard Hankford, knight,[1] before 1450. Thomas and Anne had children:
1. Margaret Butler.
After the death of his first wife, Thomas married Lora Berkeley, daughter of Sir Edward Berkeley.
The Right Honourable Sir Thomas Butler Seventh Earl of Ormonde, Chief Butler of Ireland, Baron Rochford died 2 August 1515,[1] and was buried in August at St. Thomas Acon, London, Middlesex, England.
Note
Ancestor of Anne Boleyn.
Called the Wool Earl.
He married twice:
Firstly in 1445 to Anne Hankford (1431–1485),
By Anne Hankford he had two daughters and co-heiresses who
inherited the Butler estates in England:
Lady Anne Butler (1455-June 5, 1533)
Lady Margaret Butler (1465–1537),
Secondly in 1486 he married Lora Berkeley (1454–1501),
By his second wife Lora Berkeley, Ormond had one daughter:
Elizabeth Butler (d. 1510) Less
Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond
Born 1426
Kilkenny, Ireland
Died 3 August 1515 (aged 88–89)
London, England
Buried Mercers' Chapel, St Thomas of Acre, London
Spouse(s) Anne Hankford
Lora Berkeley
Issue
Anne Butler
Margaret Butler
Elizabeth Butler
Father James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond
Mother Joan de Beauchamp
Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond, P.C. (1426 – 3 August 1515) was the youngest son of James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond. He was attainted, but restored by Henry VII' s first Parliament in November 1485, and the statutes made at Westminster, by Edward IV, which declared him and his brothers traitors, were abrogated.
Contents
• 1Family
• 2Career
• 3Marriage and progeny
• 4Death & succession
• 5See also
• 6Notes
• 7References
Family[edit]
Arms of Butler, Earl of Ormond: Gules, three covered cups or[1]
Bench end in Monkleigh Church, Devon (parish church of Annery) showing the Ormonde knot and arms of Butler: Gules, three covered cups or,[2] both displayed on escutcheons within Gothic cusped lancet arches
Thomas Butler was the third son of James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond, by his first wife, Joan de Beauchamp (d. 3 or 5 August 1430). He had two elder brothers, James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond, and John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond, as well as two sisters, Elizabeth Butler, who married John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, and Anne Butler (d. 4 January 1435), who was contracted to marry Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Desmond, although the marriage appears not to have taken place. [3]
Career[edit]
Thomas Butler, as an Irish peer, should only have sat in the Irish Parliament. However, as a personal friend of Henry VII he was summoned to the English Parliament in November 1488 as "Thomas Ormond de Rochford chevaler". At this time he was already 8th Earl of Carrick and 7th Earl of Ormond,[4] having succeeded his elder brothers James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond and John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond, neither of whom left legitimate issue.
He was afterwards sworn of the Privy Council of England.
He was known as The Wool Earl, due to his enormous wealth. Besides being in the possession of major lands in the Irish counties of Kilkenny and Tipperary, he owned 72 manors in England, making him one of the richest subjects in the realm.[5]
In 1509, he was appointed Lord Chamberlain to Catherine of Aragon.[6] He held this post until 1512.
Marriage and progeny[edit]
He married twice:
• Firstly in 1445 to Anne Hankford (1431–1485), daughter and co-heiress of Sir Richard Hankford (c. 1397 – 1431) of Annery, Monkleigh, Devon, jure uxoris feudal baron of Bampton[7] (grandson of Sir William Hankford (c. 1350 – 1423), Chief Justice of the King's Bench) by his 2nd wife Anne Montagu (d. 1457), a daughter of John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (c. 1350 – 1400).[8] By Anne Hankford he had two daughters and co-heiresses who inherited the Butler estates in England:
o Lady Anne Butler (1455-June 5, 1533), heiress through her mother of Annery,[9] who married firstly Ambrose Cressacre, esquire, by whom she had no issue, and secondly Sir James St Leger (d. 1509), by whom she had two sons, Sir George St Leger, and James St Leger.[10]
o Lady Margaret Butler (1465–1537), who married Sir William Boleyn, by whom she had six sons and five daughters, including Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, father of Queen Anne Boleyn, second wife of King Henry VIII.[11]
• Secondly in 1486[citation needed], he married Lora Berkeley (1454–1501), widow successively of John Blount, 3rd Baron Mountjoy (by whom she had two sons and two daughters[12][13][14][15]), and Sir Thomas Montgomery (d. 2 January 1495) of Faulkbourne, Essex, and daughter of Edward Berkeley (d. March 1506) of Beverston Castle, Gloucestershire, by his wife Christian Holt (d.1468), second daughter and coheir of Richard Holt. By his second wife Lora Berkeley, Ormond had one daughter:
o Elizabeth Butler[16] (d. 1510).[citation needed]
Death & succession[edit]
Ormond died on 3 August 1515 and was buried in the Mercers' Chapel of the Hospital of St Thomas of Acre in the City of London.[17] As he died without male progeny the barony supposedly created in 1488 fell into abeyance. The Earldom devolved to his heir male and distant cousin Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormond, 1st Earl of Ossory (1467–1539), the grandson of his first cousin Sir Edmund MacRichard Butler (1420–1464) of Polestown, County Kilkenny, Ireland, a grandson of James Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormond (c. 1359 – 1405) of Gowran Castle in Ireland.
ANNE HANKBORD was born about 1431 of Norfolk, England to Sir Richard Hankford (1397-1431) and Anne De Montague (1395-1457.) She married Thomas Butler 11 July 1445, London, England.
Anne Hankford died 12 November 1485, Norfolk, England, age 54.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Anne Hankford (c. 1431 – 13 November 1485) was the first wife of Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond (c. 1426- 3 August 1515). She was the great-grandmother of Anne Boleyn
Origins[edit]
Anne Hankford was a daughter and co-heiress of Sir Richard Hankford (c. 1397 – 1431) of Annery, Monkleigh, Devon, feudal baron of Bampton[1] (grandson of Sir William Hankford (c. 1350 – 1423), Chief Justice of the King's Bench) by his second wife Lady Anne Montagu (d.1457), a daughter of John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (c. 1350 – 1400).[2]
Her paternal grandparents were Richard I Hankford and Thomasine de Stapeldon. Her maternal grandparents were John Montagu, 3rd Earl of Salisbury and Maud Francis, daughter of Sir Adam Francis, Lord Mayor of London.
Marriage and children[edit]
She married Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond on an unknown date before 1450. He was the youngest son of James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond and Joan de Beauchamp. The Irish called him The Wool Earl, due to his being one of the wealthiest of the King's subjects in the realm.[3] In addition to the possession of major lands in the Irish counties of Kilkenny and Tipperary, he owned 72 manors in England.[4] Thomas and Anne had two daughters:
• Lady Margaret Butler (c.1454 –1539) married Sir William Boleyn, by whom she had issue, including Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, the father of Anne Boleyn, Mary Boleyn, and George Boleyn, by his wife Lady Elizabeth Howard
• Lady Anne Butler (born c. 1455) married Sir James St. Leger, by whom she had issue.
• Theobold Butler (1477-1560)
Death[edit]
Anne died 13 November 1485, in the same month of the restoration of the estates and title of Ormonde to her husband by King Henry VII's first Parliament. Thomas Butler and his brothers had been declared traitors by King Edward IV, who had had statutes made against them at Westminster.
Thomas Butler married secondly, Lora Berkeley, daughter of Sir Edward Berkeley, by whom he had a daughter who died young.
In 1509, Thomas Butler was appointed Queen Catherine of Aragon's first Lord Chamberlain.[5]
Children of Thomas Butler and Anne Hankford:
1. Annes Buttler (1449-1549)
2. William Butler (1451-)
3. *LADY MARGARET BUTLER OF ORMOND (1454-1537)
4. Lady Anne Butler (1455-1533)
5. John Boteler Butler (1459-1514)
Children of Thomas Butler and Anne Hankford:
1. Anne Butler (1447-1520)
2. Annes Buttler (1449-1549)
3. Margaret Butler (1450-1540)
4. William Butler (1451-)
5. Lady Margaret Butler (1454-1537)
6. Lady Anne Butler (1455-1533)
7. John Butler (1459-1514)
8. Anne Butler (1462-1533)
9. Baron Theobold Butler (1477-1596)
10. *MARGARET BUTLER (1480-1514)
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6.a.2.a.1.c. STEPHEN DE LAGO (1430-) \\
MARY UNKNOWN (1435-) \\
STEPHEN DE LAGO was born about 1430 of Newcatle upon Tyne, Staffordshire, England, to Unknown parents. He married Mary Unknown.
We don’t know when Stephen died of Newcastle, Staffordshire, England..
Child of Stephen and Mary De Lago:
1. *ALICE DE LAGO (1441-1514)
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6.a.2.b.1.a. SIR KNIGHT EDMUND SUTTON (1425-1483)
6a.2.b.2.a.1. MATILDA “MAUD” CLIFFORD (1442-1491)
SIR KNIGHT EDMUND SUTTON was born in January 1425, at Dudley Castle, Dudley< Worcestershire, England, to Sir John Sutton (1400-1487) and Lady Elizabeth Berkeley (1400-1478.) He married Matilda Clifford about 1459.
Edmund Sutton died 6 July 1483, Dudley Castle, Worcestershire, England, age 58.
Dudley Castle, Dudley, England
He received the Knight of the Garter about 1460, Buckingham Palace.
Edmund fought alongside his father during the conflict today known as the wars of the roses and was present at the battles of St. Albans, Blore Heath, and Towton.
Wikitree:
EDMUND SUTTON (or DUDLEY), K.nt., of Dudley, Staffordshire, and Gatcombe, Hampshire, son and heir apparent.
He married (lst) JOYCE TIPTOFT, 3rd and youngest daughter of John Tiptoft, Knt., 1st Lord Tiptoft, by his 2nd wife, Joyce, younger daughter and co-heiress of Edward Cherleton, KG., 5th Lord Cherleton [see INGALDESTHORPE 8 for her ancestry]. They had two sons, Edward, KB., KG. [2nd Lord Dudley], and John, and one daughter, Joyce (wife of Edward Benstead, K.nt.).
He married (2nd) MAUD CLIFFORD, widow of John Harington, Knt. of Homby, Lancashire (slain 1460 Battle of Wakefield), and dau. of Thomas, 8th Lord Clifford and Joan Dacre, dau. of Thomas, 6th Lord Dacre of Gilsland [see CLIFFORD 11 for her ancestry]. They had seven sons, Oliver, John, Robert, Esq., Walter, Richard (clerk), George (clerk), and Thomas, and four daughters, Margaret (wife of John Musgrave, Knt.), Dorothy, Jane (wife of William Middleton, Knt.), and Alice (wife of John Ratcliffe, Knt.). H.is wife, Maud, was a legatee in the 1446 will of her great aunt, Maud Clifford, widow of Richard of York, Earl of Cambridge.
Marriage
m.1 Joyce Tiptoft, dau. of Sir John Tiptoft and Joyce de Cherleton.[1][3] Issue:[2]
• Edward (Dudley) Sutton (grandfather's heir)
• John, esq. (b. c. 1462 - d. 1541/4).[3]
m.2 Maud Clifford,[5][6] Issue:[2]
• Oliver "died young"
• Robert
• Richard
• George
• Thomas Dudley of London (d.18 Oct 1549)
m. Margaret "Grace" Threlkeld (d.1551) of Yanwath Cumberland
• Margaret
m. Edward Grey, Lord Powis
• Jane or Joyce (d. c. 1500)[7]
m. William Middleton of Stokeld, Yorkshire (will: 02 Aug 1549; proved 11 Mar 1552/3).[8]
• Dorothy
m.1 Sir John Musgrave
m.2 Richard Wrottesley
• Alice
m. Sir John Radcliffe of Cumberland, Knt.
Events
• 1467: went to Ireland with brother-in-law, John Tiptoft, and became his deputy there.
• 1483: attended coronation of Richard III i83.
Knt 1460.[9]
Edmund Sutton
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sir Edmund Sutton (1425 – c. 1485) was born in Dudley, the eldest son of John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, KG, and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Berkeley.[1]
Edmund married Joyce Tiptoft, daughter of John Tiptoft, 1st Baron Tiptoft by Joyce de Cherleton[2] (daughter of Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton), ultimately coheir to the baronies of Cherleton and Tiptoft. She transmitted to the Dudley family the quarterings of Tiptoft, Cherleton, Holland, and that of Edmund of Woodstock, youngest son of King Edward I of England. Edmund fought alongside his father during the conflict today known as the wars of the roses and was present at the battles of St Albans, Blore Heath and Towton.[citation needed]
Edmund and Joyce's first son was Edward Sutton (b. 1459) who succeeded his grandfather, John Sutton, as 2nd Baron Dudley.[1]
Edmund then (c. 1465) married Matilda, daughter of Thomas Lord Clifford and they had several children including Thomas Sutton of Yanwath.[3][1]
Edmund's exact date of death is not known, but was living on 6 July 1483 but died before father (who died 30 September 1487).[citation needed]
One of his descendants was Mayflower passenger Richard More.
MATILDA “MAUD” CLIFFORD was born 24 August 1442, Conisborough Castle, Yorkshire, England, to Baron Thomas Clifford (1414-145) and Joan Dacre (1415-1486.) She married (1)Sir John Thomas Harrington about 1450; (2) *Sir Edmund Sutton about 1465, Dudley, Staffordshire, England..
Matilda Clifford passed away 6 July 1491, Dudley Castle, Dudley, Staffordshire, England, age 49. Buried at Saint James Priory, Dudley, West Midlands, England:
Ruins of Saint James Priory, Dudley, England
Wikitree:
Father Thomas, 8th Lord Clifford, Sheriff of Westmoreland[1] b. 25 Mar 1414, d. 22 May 1455
Mother Joan Dacre[2] d. b May 1453
Born before 1441.[3] She married Sir Edmund Sutton, son of Sir John Sutton, 1st Lord Dudley, 4th Baron Dudley and Elizabeth Berkeley, circa 1465; They had 7 sons (Oliver; John; Robert, Esq; Walter; Richard, Precentor of Salisbury; Dr. George, LL.D., Rector of Aston-le-Walls; & Thomas of Yanwath) & 4 daughters (Margaret, wife of Sir John Musgrave; Dorothy, wife of Richard Wrottesley, Esq; Jane, wife of Sir Richard Middleton; & Alice, wife of Sir John Ratcliffe).[4]
She had married (1) Sir John Harington of Hornby (d. 1460 at Battle of Wakefield).[5]
Family
• Sir Edmund Sutton b. c 1435, d. bt 6 July 1483 - 1486
Children
• Oliver
• John
• Robert, Esq
• Walter
• Richard, Precentor of Salisbury
• Dr. George, LL.D., Rector of Aston-le-Walls
• Thomas of Yanwath
• Margaret, wife of Sir John Musgrave
• Dorothy, wife of Richard Wrottesley, Esq
• Jane, wife of Sir Richard Middleton
• Alice, wife of Sir John Ratcliffe
Matilda Clifford died after 1481.
Children of Sir Edmund Sutton and Matilda Clifford:
1. Sir Edmund Dudley (1462-1510)
2. *LADY MARGARET SUTTON (1463-1517)
3. John Sutton (1465-1541)
4. Oliver Sutton (1465-1562)
5. Margaret Dudley Sutton (1466-1517)
6. Robert of Dudley Sutton (1471-1536)
7. Rev. Richard Dudley (1472-1536)
8. Robert Sutton of Dudley (1472-1539)
9. Rev. George Sutton (1474-1562)
10. Walter De Sutton (1474-1563)
11. Jane Sutton (1475-1508)
12. Thomas Dudley Sutton (1475-1549)
13. Alice Sutton (1483-1554)
14. Thomas Dudley (deceased)
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6.a.2.b.1.a. SIR JOHN SUTTON (1400-1487) \\
LADY ELIZABETH BERKELEY (1400-1478) \\
SIR JOHN SUTTON VI 1st BARON DUDLEY was born 25 December 1400, Dudley, Staffordshire, England, to Sir John de Sutton V (1380-1406) and Constance Blount (1380-1432.) He married Lady Elizabeth Berkeley about 1422 of Dudley Castle, Staffordshire, England.
John Sutton died 30 September 1487, Dudley, Staffordshire, England, age 87. Buried at St. James Priory, Dudley, England:
Ruins of St. James Priory
He was Viceroy of Ireland, Count de CLonard, Knight of the Garter, Baron Dudley and Sutton. He carried the king’s standard at the funeral of Henry v, 1422. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1428-1430. Parliament 1439-1440. (Military Service 23 May 1455: Battle of St. albans, Herfordshire, England. Taken prisoner with King VI.)
Wikitree:
Biography
John Sutton was born at 25 December 1400 and baptised at Barton-under-Need wood, Staffordshire, became 1st Baron Dudley and a Knight of the Garter, a nd died at Stafford, Staffordshire. His father was Sir John de Sutton V a nd his mother was Constance Blount. John 1st Baron Dudley married Elizabe th de Berkeley, of Beverstone (died 1478), widow of Edward Charleton, 5 th Baron Cherleton and daughter of Sir John Berkeley, of Beverstone, Glouc estershire (1349–1428) and Elizabeth Bettershorne and sister of Eleanor Fi tzAlan, wife of John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel, sometime after 14 Mar ch 1420.
Dudley was summoned to Parliament from 15 February 1440, by writs direct ed to "Johanni de Sutton de Duddeley militi", whereby he obtained a Baro ny by writ as Lord Dudley. He was the first of his family to adopt the sur name of Dudley as an alias for Sutton. "John Dudley, Knyght, Lord Dudle y" died testate in his 87th year. His will is dated 17 August 1487. The ba rony was inherited by his grandson, Edward Sutton, 2nd Baron Dudley, Lo rd Dudley, son of Edmund de Sutton who was the heir but died after 6 Ju ly 1483 but before his father.
As Lord Steward in 1422 Sutton brought home the body of King Henry V to En gland, and was chief mourner and standard bearer at his funeral. From 1428 –1430 he served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Dudley fought in several ca mpaigns throughout the period of the wars with France, and on several occa sions acted as a diplomat in the mid-1440s, when he also met Charles V II of France. In 1443 he was made a king's councillor and became one of t he favourite companions of King Henry VI. In 1451 he became a Knight of t he Garter.[3] Early on in the Wars of the Roses he was a resolute defend er of the House of Lancaster, but changed his allegiance to York before t he Battle of Towton in 1561.
At the Battle of St Albans 1455 John Lord Dudley took part with his son Ed mund, where he was taken prisoner along with Henry VI. At the Battle of Bl ore Heath he was present on 23 September 1459, equally with his son Edmu nd Sutton. Dudley was wounded and again captured. At Towton (1461) he w as rewarded after the battle for his participation on the side of Edwar d, Earl of March, son of Richard, Duke of York. On June 28 of that year, E dward IV was proclaimed King in London. Following the Battle of Bosworth F ield in August 1485, Dudley was created Sheriff of Sussex by the new Ki ng Henry VII. (Wikipedia ) Burial: St. Jame's Priory, Dudley, Will: 17 AUG 1487 1 Occupation: 1422 Lord Steward 1 Occupation: BET 1428 AND 1430 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1 Occupation: BET 1440 AND 1487 1st Baron Dudley 1 Occupation: 1459 Knight of the Garter 2 Occupation: 1485 Sheriff of Sussex 1 Ed L Pike-2301May 2015 [1] [2] [3]
John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley
John's son and heir, Edmund Sutton, Knt., predeceased him. He was succeeded by Edmund's son, Edward Sutton, 2nd Baron Dudley.
Vitals
John Sutton[4][5]
b. 25 DEC 1400 Barton-under-Needwood, Staffordshire[6]
Christening: Barton,Derby[7]
d. 30 SEP 1487 Dudley Castle, Staffordshire[6] age 87
Titles
• K.G.: 1460 London[6][8]
• Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland 1428-30
• Constable of Clun Castle 3 Nov 1435.
• summoned to Parliament 15 Feb 1439/40 - 1 Sep 1487, ... became Lord Dudley
• Constable of Wigmore Castle 20 May 1460.
• Steward of the Lordship of Montgomery 2 Feb 1459/60.
• Constable of the Tower 1470-83.
Early Life
p. John Sutton of Dudley, Castle, co. Staff and Constance[9][10]
Family
m. Elizabeth (d. anti. 08 Dec 1478)[11]
m. btw 1416 - 1476 Elizabeth Berkley. Issue:
• Jane De Sutton[12]
Timeline
07 NOV 1422: As Lord Stewart, Sutton brought home the body of Henry V and was Chief mourner and Standard Bearer at funeral[6]
1428–1429 - John Sutton was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland [13]
26 SEP 1439 Parliament Court Chapel, London: Baron ... Summoned to Parliament by writ directed Johanni de Sutton de Duddeley militi[6]
1451: One return from Ireland captured by Richard, Duke of York, at Gloucester and sent to prison at Ludlow Castle, Ludlow, Shropshire[6]
Battle of St Albans 1455
Found amongst the Lancastrian army at the first Battle of St Albans on 22 May 1455 were John Sutton of Dudley, Worcestershire and his son Edmund Sutton of Dudley, Worcestershire. Lord Dudley was taken prisoner along with King Henry VI. Despite previous loyalty to the Lancastrian cause he was soon on diplomatic missions for Yorkists acting as ambassador in negotiations with Burgundy and Brittany.
Battle of Blore Heath 1459
Dudley was present at the Battle of Blore Heath on September 23, 1459, along with his son Edmund Sutton. Dudley was wounded and captured.
Battle of Towton 29 MAR 1461[6]: Dudley was rewarded after battle for participation on the side of Edward, Earl of March, son of Richard, Duke of York. On June 28 of that year, Edward IV was proclaimed King in London.
Battle of Bosworth Field 22 AUG 1485: Battle of Bosworth Field[6]
Following the battle, Dudley was created Sheriff of Sussex by the new King Henry VII.
30 AUG 1485: Created Sheriff of Sussex by Henry VII[6]
Dudley Castle
• built by Normans. Providing protection since around 1071 the castle saw many changes over the centuries.
• infamous John Dudley rebuilt it in the Renaissance style only to be beheaded by Queen Mary for trying to put Lady Jane Grey on the throne of England.
• supported Royalist cause and surrendering in 1646 after the defeat of Charles I at Naseby.
• 1750 fire all but destroyed the accommodation at Dudley Castle. The fire is said to have burned for three days. The huge expense of restoration left the family with no choice but to move to nearby Himley Hall.
John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Arms of Sir John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, KG
John Sutton VI, 1st Baron Dudley, Knight of the Garter, (25 December 1400 – 30 September 1487) was an English nobleman, a diplomat, and councillor of King Henry VI. He fought in several battles during the Hundred Years War and the Wars of the Roses, in addition, he acted as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1428 to 1430.
Family and peerage[edit]
Born on 25 December 1400, John Sutton was baptised at Barton-under-Needwood, Staffordshire,[1] became 1st Baron Dudley and a Knight of the Garter, and died at Stafford, Staffordshire. His father was Sir John de Sutton V and his mother was Constance Blount, daughter of Sir Walter Blount. John 1st Baron Dudley married Elizabeth de Berkeley, of Beverstone (died 1478), widow of Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton and daughter of Sir John Berkeley, of Beverstone, Gloucestershire (1349–1428) and Elizabeth Bettershorne[2][3] and sister of Eleanor FitzAlan, wife of John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel, sometime after 14 March 1420. The sons of Dudley by this marriage were:
1. Sir Edmund Sutton
2. John Sutton Dudley, Knt. of Atherington, whose son was Henry VII's minister Edmund Dudley, and whose grandson was John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland.
3. William Dudley, Bishop of Durham, 1476–1483.
4. Oliver Dudley.
Dudley was summoned to Parliament from 15 February 1440, by writs directed to "Johanni de Sutton de Duddeley militi", whereby he obtained a Barony by writ as Lord Dudley. He was the first of his family to adopt the surname of Dudley as an alias for Sutton. "John Dudley, Knyght, Lord Dudley" died testate in his 87th year. His will is dated 17 August 1487. The barony was inherited by his grandson, Edward Sutton, 2nd Baron Dudley, son of Sir Edmund Sutton who was the heir but died after 6 July 1483 but before his father.[2]
Royal service[edit]
As Lord Steward in 1422 Sutton brought home the body of King Henry V to England, and was chief mourner and standard bearer at his funeral. From 1428–1430 he served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.[4] Dudley fought in several campaigns throughout the period of the wars with France, and on several occasions acted as a diplomat in the mid-1440s, when he also met Charles VII of France.[5] In 1443 he was made a king's councillor and became one of the favourite companions of King Henry VI.[6] In 1451 he became a Knight of the Garter.[4] Early on in the Wars of the Roses he was a resolute defender of the House of Lancaster, but changed his allegiance to York before the Battle of Towton in 1461.
Wars of the Roses[edit]
At the Battle of St Albans in 1455, Lord Dudley took part with his son Edmund, where he was taken prisoner along with Henry VI. At the Battle of Blore Heath on 23 September 1459 he was again present, equally with his son Edmund Sutton, commanding a wing under Lord Audley. Dudley was wounded and again captured. At Towton (1461) he was rewarded after the battle for his participation on the side of Edward, Earl of March, son of Richard, Duke of York. On 28 June that year, Edward IV was proclaimed King in London.
LADY ELIZABETH BERKELEY BARONESS DUDLEY was born about 1400 of Beverston, Gloucestershire, England, toSir John de Berkeley (1352-1428) and Elizabeth Betteshorne (1353-1420.) She married (1) Edward Charlton about 1421; (2) *Sir John Sutton about 1422 of Dudley Castle, Staffordshire, England.
Elizabeth Berkeley passed away 8 December 1478, Dudley, West Midlands, England, age 78. Buried at Saint James Priory, Dudley, England:
Wikitree:
Elizabeth Berkeley was born circa 1400 at Beverstone, Gloucestershire, England, the daughter of Sir John Berkeley, Sheriff of Somerset, Dorset, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, & Wiltshire [1] b. 23 Jan 1352, d. 5 Mar 1428, and Elizabeth Betteshorne. [2] b. bt 1359 - 1369, d. bt 1411 - 8 Jun 1427.
Elizabeth married first Sir Edward Cherleton, 5th Lord Cherleton, Lord Powis, son of Sir John Cherleton, 3rd Lord Cherleton, Lord Powis and Joan de Stafford, before 1408; They had no issue. [3]
Elizabeth married second Sir John Sutton, 1st Lord Dudley, 4th Baron Dudley, son of Sir John V Sutton, Lord Dudley and Constance Blount, between 14 March 1421 and 28 June 1421; They had 5 sons and three daughters: [4]
1. Sir Edmund
2. John, Esq
3. Humphrey
4. William, Bishop of Durham, Chancellor of Oxford University
5. Oliver
6. Margaret, wife of Sir George Longueville
7. Jane, wife of Thomas Mainwaring
8. Eleanor, wife of Sir Henry Beaumont, and of George Stanley, Esq..
Elizabeth Berkeley died 8 December 1478 in Dudley Castle, Staffordshire, England and is buried at St. James's Priory, Dudley, Staffordshire. [5]
Children of John Sutton and Elizabeth Berkeley:
1. Catherine Sutton (1421-1422)
2. Agnes Sutton (1424-1525)
3. *EDMUND SUTTON (1425-1483)
4. Katherine Sutton (1426-1469)
5. John Sutton (1427-1503)
6. Margaret Sutton (1429-1444)
7. Sir Lord John of Dudley Sutton (1430-1501)
8. William Button Bishop (1431-1483)
9. Jane de Sutton (1434-1494)
10. Eleanor Sutton (1434-1509)
11. Sir Oliver Sutton (1437-1469)
12. Sarah Anne UStton (1443-1533)
13. Dionysia Sutton (deceased)
+
6.a.2.b.1.b. WILLIAM BARON TELLER OF THE EXCHEQUER (1407-1478) \\
JOAN KNOLLYS (1412-) \\
WILLIAM BARON TELLER OF THE EXCHEQUER was born about 1407 of Reading, Berkshire, England, to Thomas Baron (1390-1445) and Isabell Knollys (1380-1445.) He married Joan Knollys about 1431 of Reading, Berkshire, England.
William Baron died about 1478 of England, age 71.
Edmund fought alongside his father during the conflict today known as the wars of the roses and was present at the battles of St. Albans, Blore Heath, and Towton.
Wikitree:
William Baron, Esq., Teller of the Exchequer was born circa 1410 at of Reading, Berkshire, England.[1]
He married Joan Knollys, daughter of Thomas Knollys and Isabell, circa 1433.[2][3]
JOAN KNOLLYS was born about 1412 of north Mimms, Hertfordshire, England, to Sir Thomas Knollys (1380-1445) and Isabel ore (1380-1461.) She married William Barron about 1431 of Reading, Berkshire, England.
Joan Knollys passed away at unknown date.
Wikitree:
Joan Knollys was born circa 1412 at North Mimms, Hertfordshire, England.[1]
She married William Baron, Esq., Teller of the Exchequer circa 1433.[1
Child of William Baron and Joan Knollys:
1. *JANE BARON (1425-1481)
+
6.a.4.a.1.a. JOHN BRUYN (1443-)
6.a.4.a.1.a.1. JANE LEIGHTON (1450-)
JOHN BRUYN was born about 1443 of Bridgnorth, Shropshire, England, to Sir Henry Le Bruyn (1420-1461) and Elizabeth Darcy (1424-1471.) He married Jane Leighton about 1471.
John Bruyn died at unknown date.
JANE LEIGHTON was born about 1450 of Wattlesborough Hall, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, to John Leighton (1430-1493) and Ankaret Burgh (1434-1498.) She married John Bruyn about 1471.
Jane Leighton passed away at unknown date.
Child of John Bryun and Jane Leighton:
1. *LADY MARGERIA LEIGHTON BRUYN (1472-1530)
+
6.a.4.a.1.a. SIR HENRY LE BRUYN (1420-1461) \\
ELIZABETH DARCY (1424-1471) \\
SIR HENRY LE BRUYN was born about 1420 of Maldon, Essex, England, to Sir Maurice le Brun (1386-1467) and Elizabeth de Redford (1391-1471.) He married Elizabeth Darcy about 1440 of Essex, England.
Henry Le Bruyn died 30 November 1461, South Ockendon, Essex, England, age 41.
Wikitree:
Title: Sir
Sir Henry Bruyn, Sheriff of Hampshire & Wiltshire, Burgess of Portsmouth, Steward of the Isle of Wight was born in 1420 at Rowner & Porchester, Hampshire, England.[1][2][3]
Marriage & Children
He married Elizabeth Darcy, daughter of Sir Robert Darcy, Keeper of the Writs of Common Pleas, Burgess of Malden and Alice Filongley, circa 1440. They had 2 daughters:[1][2][3][4][5]
1. Alice, wife of John Berners, Esq; Sir Robert Harleston; & of Sir John Heveningham
2. Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Tyrrell, Esq; Sir William Brandon; & William Mallory, Esq.
Death
He died on 30 November 1461 at South Ockendon, Essex, England.[1][2][3]
Alt first name - Humphrey
ELIZABETH DARCY was born about 1424 of Maldon, Essex, England, to Sir Robert Darcy Knight (1395-1449) and Lady Alice FitzLangley (1395-1448.) She married Sir Henry Le Bruyn about 1440 of Essex, England.
Elizabeth Darcy passed away 28 April 1471, England, age 47.
Wikitree:
Elizabeth was the daughter of Robert Darcy and Alice Fillongley.[1]
She married Henry Bruyn.[1] They had two children:
• Alice[1]
• Elizabeth[1]
Elizabeth left a will, proved 17 Jun 1471.[1]
Children of Henry Le Bruyn and Elizabeth Darcy:
1. Alice le Bruyn (1443-1473)
2. *JOHN BRUYN (1443-)
3. John Bruyn Bruen (1446-)
4. Elizabeth le Bruyn (1450-1494)
+
6.a.4.a.1.b. ROBERT SCRIVEN (1417-1496) \\
ELIZABETHA ALICIA CORBET (1406-) \\
ROBERT SCRIVEN was born about 1417 of Frodesley, Shropshire, England, to Johannes Scriven II, Lord of Frodesley (1391-1466) and Marion Salter (1389-1466.) He married Elizabetha Alicia Corbet about 1429 of Leigh, East Straffordshire, England.
Robert Scriven died about 1496 of Frodesley, Shropshire, England, age 79.
ELIZABETHA ALICIA CORBET was born about 1406 of Leigh, Staffordshire, England, to Thomas Corbet (1372-1442) and Jane Burley (1375-.) She married Robert Scriven about 1429 of Leigh, East Staffordshire, England.
Elizabetha Alicia Corbet passed away at unknown date of Frodesley, Shropshire, England.
Children of Robert Scriven and Elizabetha Alicia Corbet:
1. *ANNE SCRIVEN (1429-1486)
2. Dorothea Scriven (1454-)
3. Ellena Scriven (1457-)
4. Robert Scriven (1461-)
5. Jane Scryven (1465-)
6. Sibella Scriven (1468-)
7. Isabel Scriven (1489-)
+
6.a.5.a.1.a. NICHOLAS BOWETT (1408-1451) \\
ELIZABETH LA ZOUCHE (1395-1440) \\
NICHOLAS BOWETT was born about 1408 of Rippingale, Lincolnshire, England, to Sir William Bowett (1373-1421) and Johanna Joan Ufford (1377-1409.) He married (1) *Elizabeth la Zouche about 1409 oOf Rippingale, Lincolnshire, England; (2) Jane Berkeley 1447.
Nicholas Bowett Died about 1451 of Nottinghamshire, England, age 43.
Wikitree:
Sir Nicholas Bowet of Rippingale was one of the most prominent office holders in Lincolnshire, andespecially Kesteven, during Henry VI's reign. However, little is known about his family or his origins, although he may possibly have been a relative of Henry Bowet, Archbishop of York (1407-23). He married Elizabeth, only daughter and heiress of Sir John Zouche and his wife Margaret, daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Burgh of Kirklington, Nottinghamshire, and from his commissions he probably died around 1473. Putnam states that he left a son, William, but he is also said to have left two daughters and co-heiresses: Elizabeth, who married Sir William Chaworth and then John Dunham; and Margaret, who married John Chaworth. Both may be true, and William may have died young and childless. [1]
wife Elizabeth Zouche Birth: ABT 1412 in Kirklington, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England [2] The attached image from the Visitations source provides a family tree relationship[3] showing Elizabeth's ancestry pedigree includes paternal links to Zouche, Beauchamp, and Magna Carta Barons including Robert Ros, [[Clare-673|Gilbert Clare], John Lacy 6GGFs, possibly others. Maternal links from Burgh to Bruce, Aumale to Norman Nobility/Royalty, Normandie, Blois, Carolingian, Wessex. The 2nd Great Grand Daughter is Ann Cresacre
notes in Millennium File about daughter Elizabeth Bowett
Name: Elizabeth Bowett, Birth: 1445 Ripingal, Nott, England
Death Date: 17 Mar 1501
Father: Nicholas Bowett
Mother: Elizabeth Zouche
Spouse: Sir William Chaworth
Spouse: John (Sir) Dunham
Children: John (Sir) Dunham
ELIZABETH LA ZOUCHE was born about 1395 of Harringworth, Northamptonshire, England, to Sir John La Zouche (1380-1445) and Margaret Burgh (1375-1432.) She married Nicholas Bowett about 1409 of Rippingale, Lincolnshire, England.
Elizabeth La Zouche passed away about 1440 of England, age 45.
Wikitree:
Biography
Elizabeth Zouche Birth: ABT 1401 in Kirklington, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England [1] Dates are estimates. Her father was of age by 1397, was married no later than Nov 1399, and was Knighted by Dec 1400. Her mother had a 1st marriage probably 10 years before 2nd marriage, so her birth date is earlier than father.
Elizabeth, married Sir Nicholas Bowet of Ripingale, a kinsman of Henry Bowet, archbishop of York. (spelling with one t is given in The History of Parliament Online). Her two daughters were co-heirs of the great number of estates and properties, held in the will of her mother Margaret Zouche (d 1451)
The attached image from the Visitations source provides a family tree relationship showing Elizabeth's ancestry pedigree includes paternal links to Zouche, Beauchamp, and Magna Carta Barons including Robert Ros, [[Clare-673|Gilbert Clare], John Lacy 6GGFs, possibly others. Maternal links from Burgh to Bruce, Aumale to Norman Nobility/Royalty, Normandie, Blois, Carolingian, Wessex. Her 2nd Great Grand Daughter is Ann Cresacre who was raised from infancy by Sir Thomas Moore
daughter Elizabeth Bowett Dunham,heir of Kirklington[1]
Birth: ABT 1430 in Rippingale, Bourne, Lincolnshire, England
Death: 17 MAR 1501/02 in Kirklington, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England
Marriage 1 William CHAWORTH b: ABT 1430 in Wiverton Hall, Bingham, Nottinghamshire, England
Marriage 2 John DUNHAM & Kirklington b: ABT 1445 in Dunham, East Retford, Nottinghamshire, England; m: AFT 1467
Children of Nicholas Bowett and Elizabeth la Zouche:
1. Margaret Bowett (1410-1469)
2. *ELIZABETH BOWETT (1445-1501)
+
6.a.2.a.1.a.1. RALPH DE MORTON (1463-1531) \\
UNKNOWN \\
RALPH DE MORTON was born about 1463 of England, to unknown parents. He married unknown.
Ralph De Morton died about 1531, England, age 88.
Child of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph De Morton:
1. *LADY ELIZABETH MORETON (1478-1519)
+
6.a.2.a.1.a.1. SIR THOMAS STOKES (1425-1495)
MARY ELLEN DE ROOS (1420-1501)
SIR THOMAS STOKES, BARON (LORD) OF SEEND was born about 1425 of Seend, Wiltshire, England, to John Stokes (1400-1425) and Sarah Gramary (1401-1480.) He married (1) Unknown; (2) *Mary Ellen de Roos about 1438, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire, England.
Thomas Sende Stokes died about 1495 of Seend, Wiltshire, England, age 70. Buried at Holy Cross Parish Church, Seend, Wiltshire, England:
MARY ELLEN DE ROOS was born about 1420 of Melbourn, Cambridgeshire, England, to unknown parents. She married Thomas Stokes Lord Seende about 1438, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire, England.
Mary Ellen De Roos passed away about 1501 of Seend, Wiltshire, England, age 81. Buried at Holy Cross Parish Church, Seend, Wiltshire, England:
Children of Sir Thomas Stokes and Mary Ellen de Roos:
1. *ERICA STOKES (1436-1486)
2. John Stokes (Stoakes) (1445-1498)
3. Thomas Stokes (1455-)
4. Hannah Stokes (deceased)
+
6.a.2.a.1.a.1. JOHN STOKES (1400-1425) \\
SARAH GRAMARY (1401-1480) \\
JOHN STOKES was born about 1400 of Melksham, Wiltshire, England, to Thomas Stokes (1380-1413) and Matilda Cutell (1379-1439.) He married Sarah Gramary.
John Stokes died about 1425 of Seend, Wiltshire, England, age 25. Buried at Holy Cross Parish Church, Seend, Wiltshire, England:
Wiltshire, England
Seend House, Wiltshire
SARAH GRAMARY was born about 1401 of Melksham, Wiltshire, England, to unknown parents. She married John Stokes.
Sarah Gramary passed away about 1480 of England, age 79.
Wiltshire, England
Child of John Stokes and Sarah Gramary:
1. *SIR THOMAS STOKES, BARON OF SEENDE (1425-1495)
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6.a.2.b.1.a.1. BARON THOMAS CLIFFORD (1414-1455) \\
(Killed at Battle of St. Albans)
JOAN DACRE (1415-1486) \\
BARON THOMAS CLIFFORD, KG, MP, 8th LORD was born 25 March 1414, Appleby Castle, Appleby, Cumbria, Westmoreland, England, to Baron John Clifford (1389-1422) and Elizabeth Percy (1395-1436.) He married Joan Dacre of Skelton, Yorkshire, England.
Thomas Clifford died 22 May 1455, Slain at Battle of St. Albans, East of St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England, age 41. Buried in May 1455 at Lady Chapel, Saint Albans Abbey Church, Hertfordshire, England.
Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron de Clifford
Arms of Clifford: Chequy or and azure, a fess gules
Born 25 March 1414
Died 22 May 1455
First Battle of Saint Albans
Noble family
Clifford
Spouse(s) Joan Dacre
Issue
John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford
Sir Roger Clifford
Sir Robert Clifford
Sir Thomas Clifford
Elizabeth Clifford
Maud Clifford
Anne Clifford
Joan Clifford
Margaret Clifford
Father John Clifford, 7th Baron de Clifford
Mother Elizabeth Percy
Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron de Clifford, also 8th Lord of Skipton (25 March 1414 – 22 May 1455), was the elder son of John, 7th Baron de Clifford, and Elizabeth Percy, daughter of Henry "Hotspur" Percy and Elizabeth Mortimer.
Family[edit]
Thomas Clifford was born 25 March 1414, the elder son and heir of John, Lord de Clifford by Elizabeth Percy, daughter of Henry 'Hotspur' Percy and Elizabeth Mortimer, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March. He had a younger brother, Henry Clifford,[1] and two sisters, Mary and Blanche.[2] [3] The Clifford family was seated at Skipton from 1310 to 1676.
Career[edit]
Clifford inherited the barony and the title of High Sheriff of Westmorland at the age of seven upon his father's death at the Siege of Meaux on 13 March 1422.[2][3] He made proof of age in 1435/6.[2]
In 1435 Clifford campaigned with the Duke of Bedford in France, and about 1439 led the English forces which defended Pontoise against Charles VII of France.[4] In 1450/51 he was sent as an embassy for King James II of Scotland.[2]
Clifford was slain fighting on the Lancastrian side at the First Battle of St Albans on 22 May 1455, the first battle in the Wars of the Roses, and was buried at St Alban's Abbey.[4] He was succeeded by his elder son, John, 9th Baron de Clifford.
Marriage and issue[edit]
After March 1424 Clifford married Joan Dacre, the daughter of Thomas, 6th Baron Dacre of Gilsland, by Philippa, daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, by whom he had four sons and five daughters:[5]
• John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford, who married Margaret Bromflete, by whom he had two sons, Henry Clifford, 10th Baron de Clifford, and Richard Clifford, esquire, and a daughter, Elizabeth, who married Robert Aske. He was slain at Ferrybridge 28 March 1461 on the eve of the Battle of Towton.[5]
• Sir Roger Clifford, who married Joan Courtenay (born c.1447), the eldest daughter of Thomas Courtenay, 13th Earl of Devon, by Margaret Beaufort, the daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset. Sir Roger Clifford was beheaded in 1485, and his widow married secondly, Sir William Knyvet of Buckenham, Norfolk.[4][6]
• Sir Robert Clifford (d. 15 March 1508), who married Elizabeth (née Barley), widow of Sir Ralph Josselyn (d. 25 October 1478), twice Lord Mayor of London, and daughter of William Barley of Aspenden, Hertfordshire by Elizabeth Darcy. Both Sir Robert Clifford and his father-in-law, William Barley, were supporters of the pretender to the Crown, Perkin Warbeck.[4][7][8]
• Sir Thomas Clifford.
• Elizabeth Clifford, who married firstly, Sir William Plumpton of Knaresborough, Yorkshire,[9] slain at the Battle of Towton, and secondly, John Hamerton.[4][10]
• Maud Clifford, who married firstly Sir John Harrington of Hornby, Lancashire, slain at the Battle of Wakefield in 1460, and secondly, Sir Edmund Sutton of Dudley, Staffordshire.[4][11]
• Anne Clifford, who married firstly, Sir Richard Tempest, and secondly, William Conyers, esquire.[4]
• Joan Clifford, who married Sir Simon Musgrave.[4]
• Margaret Clifford, who married Robert Carre, 12 April 1467, Licence to the rector of Catton to marry inh Conob Cae, domestic servant of Richard 16th Earl of Warwick, and Margaret Clifford. Banns once. Ibid. LThe (Publications of the Surtees Society, Volume 45)[4]
Shakespeare and Thomas Clifford[edit]
According to Shakespeare's, Henry VI, Part 3 following Hall's Chronicle and Holinshed's Chronicles, it was Thomas Clifford's son and heir, John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford, who slew, in cold blood after the Battle of Wakefield, the young Edmund, Earl of Rutland, son of Richard, 3rd Duke of York, cutting off his head and sending it crowned with paper to Henry VI's wife, Margaret of Anjou, although later authorities state that Lord Rutland had been slain during the battle.[2]
Born: Appleby Castle, Appleby, Cumbria, Westmoreland, England:
Died at Battle of St. Albans:
Buried: Lady Chapel, St. Alans Abbey Church, Hertfordshire, England:
[example] JOAN DACRE was born about 1415 of Naworth Castle, Brampton, Cumberland, England, to Baron Thomas Dacre (1387-1458) and Baroness Phillippa Neville 1387-1457. She married Baron Thomas Clifford of Skelton, Yorkshire, England.
Joan Dacre passed away 8 March 1486, Herstmonceux, Sussex, England, age 71.
Naworth Castle
Born at Naworth Castle, Brampton, Cumberland, England:
Brampton Castle Cumberland England ancestral home of the De Dacre family
Joan Dacre Clifford
Birth: 1418
Death: unknown
• Daughter of Thomas Dacre and Philippe de Neville.
• Granddaughter of Sir William Dacre, Lord Dacre and Joan Douglas, Ralph de Neville, Earl of Westmorland, and Margaret Stafford.
• Wife of Lord Thomas Clifford, Sheriff of Westmorland, son of Sir John Clifford and Elizabeth Percy. They were married after March 1424 and had four sons and five daughters:
* John, Lord Clifford, married Margaret Blomflete
* Sir Roger, married Joan Courtenay
* Sir Robert, executed 1485 at Tower Hill
* Sir Thomas
* Elizabeth, wife of Sir William Plumpton
* Maud, wife of Sir John Harington & Sir Edmund Sutton
* Anne, wife of Sir Richard Tempest & William Conyers
* Joan or Jane, wife of Simon Musgrave
* Margaret, wife of Robert Carr
Joan had died by May of 1453 when her husband contacted to marry again.
Family links:
Parents:
Thomas Dacre (1387 - 1458)
Phillippa Neville Dacre
Spouse:
Thomas de Clifford (1414 - 1455)*
Children:
John Clifford (1435 - 1461)*
Matilda Clifford Sutton (1442 - 1491)*
Sibling:
Joan Dacre Clifford (1418 - ____)
Humphrey Dacre (1424 - 1485)*
*Calculated relationship
Burial:
Unknown
Wikitree:
Joan (aka Jane) Dacre was the daughter of Sir Thomas Dacre, 6th Lord Dacre of Gilsland, and his wife Philippe, daughter of Sir Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, by his 1st wife, Margaret de Stafford.[1][2][3] Her birth date is uncertain, as is her birth pace: her father held lands in various counties of the North of England.[2]
Marriage and Issue
Joan's marriage, sometime after March 1424, to Thomas Clifford, 8th Lord Clifford, Sheriff of Westmoreland, son of Sir John de Clifford, 7th Lord Clifford and Elizabeth Percy, daughter of Sir Henry 'Harry Hotspur' Percy and Elizabeth Mortimer[4] was arranged by his grandmother (and possibly his mother), who paid the King £200.[5] This kept alive the tradition of intermarriage between the powerful northern families. They had four sons and five daughters, with all sons being knighted:[1][3]
• Sir John,[1][3] b. 8 Apr 1435, m. Margaret Bromflete[6]
• Sir Roger,[1][3] b. 1437, m. Joan (or Jane) Courtenay
• Sir Thomas,[1][3] b. abt. 1441
• Sir Robert,[1][3] b. 1448
• Maud, m. 1st Sir John Harington, m. 2nd Sir Edmund Sutton[1][3]
• Anne, m. 1st Sir Richard Tempest, m. 2nd William Conyers, Esq.[1][3]
• Elizabeth,[1][3] wh was contracted to marry Robert Plumpton in 1446, when she was about six[7] (so she was born about 1440), and after his death in 1450 m. 1st Robert's brother Sir William Plumpton, and then m. 2nd John Hamerton, [1][3]
• Joan, m. Sir Simon Musgrave[1][3]
• Margaret, m. Robert Carre[1][3]
Joan was the beneficiary of a collar of gold in a codicil of the will,[8] dated 15 Aug 1446, of Maud Clifford, widow of Richard of York , Knt., Earl of Cambridge.[9]
Death
Joan died before May 1453, when her husband, Thomas contracted to marry Isabel Dacre, widow of John Dacre, Knt., a lady in waiting to Queen Margaret of Anjou, the wife of Henry VI (Lancaster), but this marriage never took place. Isabel married, in 1454, Sir John Boteler (Butler) of Bewsey instead.[1]
The burial place of Joan is unknown[10], however, her husband, Sir Thomas Clifford, was buried by the abbot in The Virgin's Chapel (Lady Chapel) within St. Albans Abbey (now Cathedral and Abbey Church of St. Albans) St. Albans, Hertfordshire.[1]
Research Notes
Joan's Birth Year
Joan Dacre's possible birth year is based primarily on her being at least 16 years old at the birth of her first child.
Birth Details of Children
The year and order of birth for Joan's 4 sons is fairly established as is the year for her daughter Elizabeth who was 6 years old in 1446 when her father Thomas had her "marry" Robert Plumpton who died when Elizabeth was 9 or 10. She then married his brother William. The marriage was consummated after she was 16 so William is technically considered her first husband.[7]
Dates for the order and birth of Joan's other 4 daughters are uncertain. The range of birth year for Maud is (1430 to 1441), Anne (1440 to 1448), Joan (1432 to 1445) and Margaret (1447 to 1451).[11][12][13]
Children of Thomas Clifford and Joan Dacre:
1. Elizabeth Clifford (1432-1461)
2. Jane Joan De Clifford (1432-1504)
3. Baron John Clifford (1435-1461)
4. Sir Roger Clifford (1437-1485)
5. Robert Clifford (1439-1508)
6. *MATILDA “MAUD” CLIFFORD (1442-1491)
7. Margaret Clifford (1446-1566)
8. Joan Clifford (1447-1504)
9. Anne Clifford (1447-)
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6.a.4.a.1.a.1. JOHN LEIGHTON, SHERIFF (1430-1493)
6.a.4.a.1.a.1.a. ANKARET BURGH (1434-1498)
JOHN LEIGHTON, HIGH SHERIFF OF SHROPSHIRE was born about 1430 of Church Stretton, Shropshire, England, to Edward Leighton (1412-1456) and Joan Joyce Corwall (1414-1432.) He married Ankaret Burgh about 1452 of Wattlesborough Hall, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.
John Leighton died 4 February 1493, Wattlesborough Hall, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, age 63.
Wikitree:
John Leighton, Esq, of Stretton en le Dale, Shropshire [1]
1430 Birth and Parents
He was born in 1430, the son of Elizabeth Stapleton by Edward Leighton. [1]
According to Richardson, [2] John was born in 1430 and the second son, but it is not clear of whom.
Botfield [3] isn't specific as to order but seems to state he was the eldest son of Edward Leighton and Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir John Stapleton.
The Visitation [4] has his parents as Richard Leighton and Joyce the daughter of Hugo Cornwall.
1444 Legatee
He was a legatee in the 1444 will of his father. [1]
1453 Marriage
He married before 1453 Ankaret Burgh, daughter of John Burgh, Knight, of Wattlesborough, Shropshire, Sheriff of Shropshire, by his first wife Jane, daughter and co-heiress of William Clopton. [1]
Richardson, Botfield and the Visitation all agree that he married the daughter of Sir John Burgh, whose name is variously spelt Anchoretta, Ancareta, Ankaret, and more. [2][3][4]
His wife, Ankaret, died in or before 1471. [1]
1455 Presentation to Chapel
In 1455 he and his fellow Stapleton co-heirs presented to the Free Chapel of St. John the Baptist at Stapleton, Shropshire.[1]
1460 Knight of the Shire
He was Knight of the Shire for Shropshire, beginning in 1460 and continuing in various years through 1478. [1]
1467 Sheriff of Shropshire
He was Sheriff of Shropshire 1467-8.
1470 Plea for Partition
In 1470 he and other Stapleton co-heirs were summoned at the writ of Thomas Horde and Joyce his wife in a plea that a partition be made of the manors of Stapleton, Armegrove, and Folkhampton, Shropshire, formerly belonging to John Stapleton, Esq. [grandfather of John Leighton]. [1]
1481 Chapel
In 1481 the Bishop of Hereford allowed him as a 'discrete man' to have a chapel at Stretton, Shropshire.[1]
1483 Accusation
In 1480-3 he was sued by the Abbot of Buildwas who accused him and his son William of breaking into a chapel and tearing up the hedges on the abbey pasture.[1]
1496 Death
Richardson states that John died shortly before 4 February 1496. [2][1]
Issue
Botfield [3] identifies three sons and five daughters, and spouses for all but one. This should allow for corroboration, but this remains to be done.
The children of John and Ankaret would have been born between the year after their marriage, 1454, and Ankaret' death in 1471.
1. Thomas, Knt, [1] currently shown as born 1443. Richardson states, "They had one son, Thomas, Knt, as if there no other children. [1]
2. William sued by abbot in 1483 [1] currently shown as birth year unknown.
3. Elizabeth born 1471, married Lee.
4. Elizabeth Leighton was the daughter of John Leighton and Angharad de Burgh. [5] Elizabeth Leighton married William Lyster of Rowton. [5] They were the parents of Christian, "daughter of William Lyster of Rowton by Elizabeth his wife." [5]
ANKARET BURGH was born about 1434 of Wattlesborough, Shropshire, England, to Sir John Burgh (1414-1471) and Lady Jane Clopton (1415-.) She married John Leighton about 1452 of Wattlesborough Hall, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.
Ankaret Burgh passed away 14 June 1498, Wattlesborough, Shropshire, England, age 64.
Shropshire, England
Wikitree:
Ankaretta seems to have as many spellings of her name as there are sources. The version used here is taken from the Borough pedigree in the Visitation of Shropshire. She was one of four daughters of John Borough and Jane Clopton. The family name of Borough is also taken from the Borough pedigree, in other places it is given as Burgh.
Richardson states that she married John Leighton before 1453, which gives a possible birth year from 1430 to 1435.
Botfield identifies three sons and five daughters, and spouses for all but one. This should allow for corroboration, but that task remains to be done.
Richardson states that Ankaretta died in or before 1471.
Wattlesborough Hall, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England
Children of John Leighton and Ankaret Burgh:
1. Margaret Leighton (1448-)
2. *JANE LEIGHTON (1450-)
3. Alice Leighton (1451-)
4. Sir Thomas Leighton Knight (1452-1519)
5. Elizabeth Leighton (1454-)
6. William Leighton (1456-1520)
7. Cuthbert Leighton (1456-)
8. Rose Leighton (1457-)
9. Foulk Leighton (1463-)
10. Ankeret Leighton (1464-1528)
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6.a.4.a.1.a.1. EDWARD LEIGHTON (1412-1456) \\
JOAN JOYCE CORWALL (1414-1432) \\
EDWARD LEIGHTON was born about 1412 of Leighton, Shropshire, England, to unknown parents. He married Joan Joyce Corwall.
Edward Leighton died about 1456 of Church Stretton, Shropshire, England, age 44.
Shropshire, England
15th C chess
Wikitree:
Edward Leighton of Stretton en le Dale, Shropshire[1]
Ancestry
The Visitation of Shropshire [2] provides the following ancestry for Edward Leighton, who was born in Shropshire say 1400 and married Elizabeth Stapleton:
1. Edwardus Leighton, born, say, 1400, married Elizabeth fil. et haer. Joh’is Stapleton de Stapleton
2. Johannes Leighton, born, say, 1375, married Matilda fil. et haeres Watkini Cambrey de Stretton Dale
3. Richardus Leighton, born, say, 1350, married Johanna fil. Hugonis Pigot de Chetwine (Chetwynd)
4. Jenkinus Leighton, born, say, 1325, married Jocosa fil. Hugonis Sandford militis (knight)
5. Willimus Leighton , born, say, 1300, married Isabella filia Humfr’I Pichard militis (knight)
6. Richardus de Lieghton, born, say, 1275, miles (knight) marrried Alicia fil. Philippi D’ni Strange de Knokin
The Visitation's chart shows one or two additional generations but connected with dotted lines.
Birth
Estimate Edward's birth as, say, 1400, and his age at marriage as 28.
1428 Marriage to Elizabeth Stapleton
He married, as his first wife, Elizabeth Stapleton, daughter of John Stapleton and Margaret Deviock. [1]
Edward Leighton married Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Sir John Stapleton, of Stapleton, in the county of Salop, Knight. [3]
Elizabeth Stapleton was the daughter of John Stapleton and Margaret Deviock. [1]
Elizabeth's mother Margaret Deviock was "evidently born before 1380." and married before 1400, dying before 1421. [4] Their children, Leonard, Margaret and Elizabeth would have been born between 1400 and 1421, say, 1401, 1403, and 1405.
This gives an estimated birth year for Elizabeth Stapleton of 1405.
Estimate the year of marrage as no earlier than the year she became 18, or 1423; however, Richardson [1] gives her eldest son a birth year of 1430, so estimate the marriage at 1428 when she would have been 23.
She died before 1444.[1], since she is not named in Edward's 1444 will.
Assuming the accuracy of the estimated births of her children from 1430 to 1422, it is possible that her death in that time was from childbirth.
1444 Marriage to Sibyl
He married secondly, after 1444, Sibyl Unknown, [1] who is named in the will he wrote that year.
1454 Death
Edward left a will dated 1444, proved 4 March 1454, requesting burial in the chapel of St. Mary in the church of Stretton in le Dale, Shropshire[1]
Issue
Edward Leighton died in 1455, leaving three daughters and four sons. [3] Botfield gives an order of birth for each sex but not for all the children together, and no dates. For the purposes of date estimation, assume that the births alternate by sex and occur at two year intervals beginning the year after the 1428 marriage. Since the marriage date itself is an estimate, regard these dates as highly speculative and provided only to place persons in the right time frame!
1. John Leighton, Esquire, of Leighton and Church Stretton, where he continued to reside. Born Shropshire in 1430, son of Edward Leighton and his first wife Elizabeth. [1] Named by Botfield as a child of Edward Leighton [3] He was a legatee in the 1444 will of his father. [1] He married before 1453 Ankaret Burgh, daughter of John Burgh, Knight, of Wattlesborough, Shropshire, Sheriff of Shropshire, by his first wife Jane, daughter and co-heiress of William Clopton. [1] Richardson states that John died shortly before 4 February 1496. [1]
2. Elizabeth Leighton married to William Lyster, Esquire, of Rowton. Born, say, 1432 and named by Botfield as a child of Edward Leighton [3] Vaughn states that Elizabeth was the daughter of John Leighton (and his wife Angharad de Burgh) [5] but she was his sister. Elizabeth Leighton married William Lyster of Rowton. [5] They were the parents of Christian, "daughter of William Lyster of Rowton by Elizabeth his wife." [5]
3. Edward Leighton, of Stretton, who married Agnes, daughter of Thomas Hopton, leaving issue which became extinct early in the seventeenth century. Born, say, 1434 and named by Botfield as a child of Edward Leighton [3]
4. Alice, appears to have died unmarried. Born, say, 1436 and named by Botfield as a child of Edward Leighton [3]
5. Sir Cuthbert Leighton, Knight of Rhodes, of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, who was living at the time of the dissolution of the monasteries, and had a pension assigned to him by the Government of Henry VIII. Born, say, 1438 and named by Botfield as a child of Edward Leighton [3]
6. Richard, died without issue. Born, say, 1440 and named by Botfield as a child of Edward Leighton [3]
7. Joyce, appears to have died unmarried. Born, say, 1442 and named by Botfield as a child of Edward Leighton [3]
[example] JOAN JOYCE CORWALL was born about 1414, of Stapleton, Shropshire, England, to Sir Richard de Cornwall Knight (1360-1443) and Cecilia Marbury (1364-1417.) She married Edward Leighton.
Joan Joyce Corwall passed away about 1432 of Shropshire, England, age 18.
Child of Edward Leighton and Joan Joyce Corwall:
1. *JOHN LEIGHTON (1430-1493)
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6.a.4.a.1.a.1.a. SIR JOHN BURGH (1414-1471) \\
LADY JANE CLOPTON (1415-) \\
SIR KNIGHT JOHN BURGH, LORD OF MAWDDWY was born 12 June 1414, Clapton, Gloucestershire, England, to Hugh Burgh (1388-1430) and Elizabeth de la Pole (1390-1430.) He married Lady Jane Clopton about 1430, Clopton, Gloucestershire, England.
John Burgh died 1 June 1471, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England, age 57.
Wikitree:
Father Sir Hugh Burgh b. c 1380, d. 1430
Mother Elizabeth de la Pole b. c 1382, d. b 1430
Sir John Burgh, Sheriff of Shropshire married Jane Clopton, daughter of Sir William Clopton and Alice Besford; His 1st marriage.[1][2]
Sir John Burgh, Sheriff of Shropshire was born on 12 June 1414 at of Wattlesborough, Shropshire, England.
He died in 1471.
Family
• Jane Clopton b. c 1420
Children
• Ankaret Burgh[3] d. c 1471
• Elianor Burgh b. 1445
LADY JANE CLOPTON, LADY OF CLOPTON was born about 1415 of Kentwell Hall, Long Melford, Suffolk, England, to Sir William Clopton (1375-1419) and Joan de Besford (1347-.) She married Sir John Burgh about 1430 of Clopton, Gloucestershire, England.
Jane Clopton passed away at unknown date of Y. Somme, Picardie, France.
Children of Sir John Burgh and Lady Jane Clopton:
1. *ANKARET BURGH (1434-1498)
2. Elizabeth Burgh (1435-1472)
3. Elizabeth de Burgh (1435-1522)
4. Isabella Burgh (1439-)
5. Jane Burgh (1441-)
6. Eleanor Burgh (1445-)
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7. TIMOTHY BURBANK (1668-1706)
7.a. REBECCA DARLING (1668-1712)
TIMOTHY BURBANK was born 30 May 1668, at Haverhill, Massachusetts, to John Burbank (1642-1709) and Susannah Merrill (1640-1690.) He was the second child and the first son of John & Susannah (Merrill) Burbank, and was named for his Uncle Timothy Burbank, who died in 1660 at the age of 19 years.
When he was 12 years old his father moved to Suffield, Conn., but left Timothy with Capt. Nathaniel Saltonstall of Haverhill, Mass., graduate of Harvard. Timothy must have apprenticed himself to Capt. Salstonstall to become a Mariner.
His grandfather’s will (John Burbank) dated 5 April 1681 reads: “To his son Timothy my grandchild who lieth with Capt. Saltonstall after he cometh to the age of twenty-one years I give a beast of about three pounds price.”
Timothy had an Aunt Lydia (Burbank) Foster living in Ipswich and one of her boys, Isaac Foster, was his age. He also had Aunts and Uncles of his mother, Susannah (Merrill) Burbank; their children were his first cousins living close by in Newbury, Mass. Only one item regarding his early life dated 1691: Timothy Burbank took Jane Toppan to Newbury to help tend her brother, Samuel, who is there taken ill of the smallpox. This was probably one of his girl friends before he met and married Rebecca Darling. Note that he named his second child; a daughter, Jane.
He was sailing out of Salem when he met his wife, Rebecca Darling, and married her, 3 July 1695, at Salem. He had a daughter, named after his wife Rebecca, and she was born somewhere in the vicinity of Salem, but her birthplace or date is unknown.
He was sailing out of Salem at first, but about 1698 out of Boston, as his last four children were born there; Jane, Timothy Jr., John, and Samuel. From the Virginia Magazine, Vol 26, we find in the record of the receiver of the Virginia duties for York River district, dated 3 July 1704, the Swallow of Boston, mastered by Capt. Timothy Burbank, was bound for Boston, and that it was a ship of 25 tons. These ships were called Brigantines.
List of Ships Entering in Upper District James River from 25th March to 16th July 1702 SWALLOW OF NEW ENGLAND Sloop, built I696, 25 Tons NEW ENGLAND Timothy Burbank, Master John Fawster, Nath'll Hlnksman, Jos. Souter,
List of Ships that have been Cleared In Rappahanock River from 25th March to 24th June 1704 SWALLOW OF BOSTON Sloop, built New England I696, 25 Tons Timothy Burbank, Master Wm. Burroughs, Jno. Foster, Owners
Nothing is found regarding Timothy's death--no date, no place. After the birth of his last child, Samuel, 16 Oct 1706, no further record is found regarding him. There is strong evidence, however, that he died shortly after the birth of this child as the Boston records give the marriage of his widow to Thomas Smith, of the Reserve, 22 Feb. 1709. His death was not listed in the Boston Vital Records--so it can be only supposed that he was lost at sea. None of his sons became mariners.
Timothy Burbank probably died in about 1706 at sea, at about age 38.
REBECCA DARLING was born 30 May 1668, Salem, Massachusetts, to George Darling (1615-1693) and Katherine More (1637-1703.) She married (1) *Timothy Burbank, 3 July 1695, in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts. Timothy Burbank was probably drowned at sea in about 1706, at age 38 (Rebecca was about 33.) Rebecca married (2) Thomas Smith, about 1709, of Boston.
Rebecca Darling died about 1712, in Massachusetts, age 39.
WIKITREE:
This profile reflects a belief that she was the daughter of George Darling of Salem, however she was not noted in his will along with her siblings[1]. This belief is reflected in various family trees on the internet, but to date, no sources providing Rebecca's birth and parents have been located.
On July 3, 1695, Rebecca Darling married Timothy Burbank in Salem, Massachusetts[2] [3] [4][5], and their children included:
1. Jane, born March 24, 1699[6] and baptized August 9, 1702[4] [5], who married John Smallage[7]
2. Timothy, born 13 October 1703[8], and baptized Oct 17, 1703[4] [5], who married Mary Kempton[9]
3. John, born january 19, 1704[10] and baptized Jan 21, 1704/05[4] [5], who married Elizabeth Tower[11]
4. Samuel , born October 16, 1706[12] and baptized Oct 20, 1706[4] [5], who married Mary Read[13]
Timothy Burbank died circa 1707, and his widow remarried Thomas Smith in early 1708[5] [14], and had another daughter,
1. Rebecca, born December 11, 1711[15]
This profile shows she died some time after 1711.
Children of Timothy Burbank and Rebecca Darling:
1. Rebecca Burbank, born between 1696-98, probably Salem, Mass.; married Nathan Webber by the Reverend Samuel Miles, Presbyterian at Boston, Mass., 20 Oct. 1713.
2. Jane Burbank, born 24 March 1699, Boston, Suffolk, Mass.; married John Smallage 12 August 1720, by Reverend Joseph Sewall, Presbyterian, Boston, Mass.
3. Timothy Burbank, born 12 October, 1703, Boston, Mass.; married in 1728 at the age of twenty-five, Mercy, daughter of Samuel & Mercy (Dunham) Kempton. He was a tailor and settled in Plymouth, Mass. He died in 1793.
4. John Burbank, born 19 January 1705, Boston, Mass.; died 30 September, 1791; married 28 June, 1728, Elizabeth Tower (She was born Hingham, Mass., 11 June 1705.)
5. *SAMUEL BURBANK, born 16 October 1706, Boston, Massachusetts, to Timothy Burbank (1668-1709) and Rebecca Darling (1673-1712.) His father drowned at sea when he was a baby. He married Mary Reed daughter of Thomas & Abigail (Bacon) Reed, 10 March 1730, Sudbury, Mass. He married (2) Mrs. Hannah Emerson. He lived in Sudbury, Massachusetts, where all of his twelve children were born, and in his old age was living at Holliston, Massachusetts, where his will was probated 6 September, 1781.
(Source: John Burbank of Rowley, Massachusetts, and some of His Descendants, by: N. P. Maling.)
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