Virginia African Americans - Revision history

Murphynw: purpose statement

2013-04-17T18:20:53Z

purpose statement

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:20, 17 April 2013
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−	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]'' [[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale~~\|<center>Slaves Awaiting Sale</center>~~]] [[Image:Slavery.JPG\|thumb\|right\|200px]]	+	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]''
		+
		+	Guide to '''African American genealogy in Virginia.'''
		+
		+	[[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale]] [[Image:Slavery.JPG\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Slavery.JPG]]

	== Strategies ==		== Strategies ==

−	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.	+	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.

	<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.		<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.
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	The first slaves were imported into Virginia in 1619. Slaves were emancipated in 1865. The Official Tourism Website of the Commonwealth of Virginia has prepared a nice history of [http://www.virginia.org/africanamericansinvirginia/ African-Americans in Virginia].<br>		The first slaves were imported into Virginia in 1619. Slaves were emancipated in 1865. The Official Tourism Website of the Commonwealth of Virginia has prepared a nice history of [http://www.virginia.org/africanamericansinvirginia/ African-Americans in Virginia].<br>

−	{\| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1~~" width="100%~~"	+	{\| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
	\|-		\|-
	\| bgcolor="#cc99ff" colspan="4" \| <center>'''Number of Slaves in Virginia'''<ref name="no">Includes modern-day West Virginia and part of the District of Columbia. ''Ninth Census of the United States: Statistics of Population, Tables I to VIII Inclusive'' (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1872), 70, 72. Digital version at [http://archive.org/stream/ninthcensusunit00offigoog#page/n72/mode/1up Internet Archive]; {{FHL\|281281\|item\|disp=FHL Book 973 X2pcu}}; William O. Lynch, "The Westward Flow of Southern Colonists before 1861," ''The Journal of Southern History,'' Vol. 9, No. 3 (Aug. 1943):325. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2191319 JSTOR] ($).</ref></center>		\| bgcolor="#cc99ff" colspan="4" \| <center>'''Number of Slaves in Virginia'''<ref name="no">Includes modern-day West Virginia and part of the District of Columbia. ''Ninth Census of the United States: Statistics of Population, Tables I to VIII Inclusive'' (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1872), 70, 72. Digital version at [http://archive.org/stream/ninthcensusunit00offigoog#page/n72/mode/1up Internet Archive]; {{FHL\|281281\|item\|disp=FHL Book 973 X2pcu}}; William O. Lynch, "The Westward Flow of Southern Colonists before 1861," ''The Journal of Southern History,'' Vol. 9, No. 3 (Aug. 1943):325. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2191319 JSTOR] ($).</ref></center>
	\|}		\|}

−	{\| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1~~" width="100%~~" class="wikitable sortable"	+	{\| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" class="wikitable sortable"
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	\| '''Year'''		\| '''Year'''
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	===== Runaway Slaves =====		===== Runaway Slaves =====

−	[[Image:Runaway slave ad.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px]] Names of hundreds of runaway slaves, their descriptions, owners, and ages appeared in '''newspapers'''. They have been published and can be found in: <br>	+	[[Image:Runaway slave ad.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Runaway slave ad.jpg]] Names of hundreds of runaway slaves, their descriptions, owners, and ages appeared in '''newspapers'''. They have been published and can be found in: <br>

	*Windley, Lathan A., comp. ''Runaway Slave Advertisements''. 4 vols. (Virginia and North Carolina) Wesport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. {{FHL\|419052\|item\|disp=FHL Book 975 F2wL}}. For Virginia, see volume one.		*Windley, Lathan A., comp. ''Runaway Slave Advertisements''. 4 vols. (Virginia and North Carolina) Wesport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. {{FHL\|419052\|item\|disp=FHL Book 975 F2wL}}. For Virginia, see volume one.
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	Not all blacks were slaves in Virginia before the Civil War. Virginia had the largest free black population in the United States.<ref>''The Free Negro in Virginia,'' 9.</ref> Many black families had been free there since the 1600s. For each eight slaves in the state, there was one free person of color.<ref>''The Free Negro in Virginia,'' 10.</ref> Some of the largest families had the surnames Cumbo, Driggers, and Goins. Many free people of color descended from black slave men who had children by white indentured servant women.<ref name="drig">The previous school of thought had the colors and genders swapped - it was believed that they descended from illegitimate offspring of white slave masters and black slave women. A 1662 law stated that the offspring of such relations would take the legal status of the mother. Most children resulting from illicit relations between white slave masters and black slave women remained in slavery. See Paul Heinegg, ''Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware,'' http://freeafricanamericans.com/, accessed 25 May 2012; and ''The Free Negro in Virginia,'' 19.</ref> Others were manumitted.<br>		Not all blacks were slaves in Virginia before the Civil War. Virginia had the largest free black population in the United States.<ref>''The Free Negro in Virginia,'' 9.</ref> Many black families had been free there since the 1600s. For each eight slaves in the state, there was one free person of color.<ref>''The Free Negro in Virginia,'' 10.</ref> Some of the largest families had the surnames Cumbo, Driggers, and Goins. Many free people of color descended from black slave men who had children by white indentured servant women.<ref name="drig">The previous school of thought had the colors and genders swapped - it was believed that they descended from illegitimate offspring of white slave masters and black slave women. A 1662 law stated that the offspring of such relations would take the legal status of the mother. Most children resulting from illicit relations between white slave masters and black slave women remained in slavery. See Paul Heinegg, ''Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware,'' http://freeafricanamericans.com/, accessed 25 May 2012; and ''The Free Negro in Virginia,'' 19.</ref> Others were manumitted.<br>

−	{\| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1~~" width="100%~~"	+	{\| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
	\|-		\|-
	\| bgcolor="#cc99ff" colspan="4" \| <center>'''Number of Free People of Color in Virginia'''<ref name="no">Includes modern-day West Virginia and part of the District of Columbia. ''Ninth Census of the United States: Statistics of Population, Tables I to VIII Inclusive'' (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1872), 70, 72. Digital version at [http://archive.org/stream/ninthcensusunit00offigoog#page/n72/mode/1up Internet Archive]; {{FHL\|281281\|item\|disp=FHL Book 973 X2pcu}}; William O. Lynch, "The Westward Flow of Southern Colonists before 1861," ''The Journal of Southern History,'' Vol. 9, No. 3 (Aug. 1943):325. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2191319 JSTOR] ($).</ref></center>		\| bgcolor="#cc99ff" colspan="4" \| <center>'''Number of Free People of Color in Virginia'''<ref name="no">Includes modern-day West Virginia and part of the District of Columbia. ''Ninth Census of the United States: Statistics of Population, Tables I to VIII Inclusive'' (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1872), 70, 72. Digital version at [http://archive.org/stream/ninthcensusunit00offigoog#page/n72/mode/1up Internet Archive]; {{FHL\|281281\|item\|disp=FHL Book 973 X2pcu}}; William O. Lynch, "The Westward Flow of Southern Colonists before 1861," ''The Journal of Southern History,'' Vol. 9, No. 3 (Aug. 1943):325. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2191319 JSTOR] ($).</ref></center>
	\|}		\|}

−	{\| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1~~" width="100%~~" class="wikitable sortable"	+	{\| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" class="wikitable sortable"
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Year'''		\| '''Year'''

Evkesler: centered caption

2013-01-30T19:39:12Z

centered caption

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:39, 30 January 2013
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−	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]'' [[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale]] [[Image:Slavery.JPG\|thumb\|right\|200px~~\|Slavery.JPG~~]]	+	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]'' [[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale\|<center>Slaves Awaiting Sale</center>]] [[Image:Slavery.JPG\|thumb\|right\|200px]]

	== Strategies ==		== Strategies ==

−	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px~~\|Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg~~]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.	+	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.

	<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.		<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.
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	===== Runaway Slaves =====		===== Runaway Slaves =====

−	[[Image:Runaway slave ad.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px~~\|Runaway slave ad.jpg~~]] Names of hundreds of runaway slaves, their descriptions, owners, and ages appeared in '''newspapers'''. They have been published and can be found in: <br>	+	[[Image:Runaway slave ad.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px]] Names of hundreds of runaway slaves, their descriptions, owners, and ages appeared in '''newspapers'''. They have been published and can be found in: <br>

	*Windley, Lathan A., comp. ''Runaway Slave Advertisements''. 4 vols. (Virginia and North Carolina) Wesport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. {{FHL\|419052\|item\|disp=FHL Book 975 F2wL}}. For Virginia, see volume one.		*Windley, Lathan A., comp. ''Runaway Slave Advertisements''. 4 vols. (Virginia and North Carolina) Wesport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. {{FHL\|419052\|item\|disp=FHL Book 975 F2wL}}. For Virginia, see volume one.

Evkesler: Undo revision 1230024 by Evkesler (talk)

2013-01-30T19:38:15Z

Undo revision 1230024 by Evkesler (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:38, 30 January 2013
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−	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]'' [[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale]] [[Image:Slavery\|thumb\|right]]	+	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]'' [[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale]] [[Image:Slavery.JPG\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Slavery.JPG]]

	== Strategies ==		== Strategies ==

−	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996\|thumb\|right]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.	+	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.

	<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.		<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.

Evkesler: Undo revision 1229934 by Evkesler (talk)

2013-01-30T19:37:27Z

Undo revision 1229934 by Evkesler (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:37, 30 January 2013
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−	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]'' [[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale]] [[Image:Slavery~~.JPG~~\|thumb\|right~~\|200px~~]]	+	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]'' [[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale]] [[Image:Slavery\|thumb\|right]]

	== Strategies ==		== Strategies ==

−	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996~~.jpg~~\|thumb\|right~~\|300px~~]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.	+	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996\|thumb\|right]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.

	<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.		<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.
Line 116:		Line 116:
	===== Runaway Slaves =====		===== Runaway Slaves =====

−	[[Image:Runaway slave ad.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px]] Names of hundreds of runaway slaves, their descriptions, owners, and ages appeared in '''newspapers'''. They have been published and can be found in: <br>	+	[[Image:Runaway slave ad.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Runaway slave ad.jpg]] Names of hundreds of runaway slaves, their descriptions, owners, and ages appeared in '''newspapers'''. They have been published and can be found in: <br>

	*Windley, Lathan A., comp. ''Runaway Slave Advertisements''. 4 vols. (Virginia and North Carolina) Wesport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. {{FHL\|419052\|item\|disp=FHL Book 975 F2wL}}. For Virginia, see volume one.		*Windley, Lathan A., comp. ''Runaway Slave Advertisements''. 4 vols. (Virginia and North Carolina) Wesport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. {{FHL\|419052\|item\|disp=FHL Book 975 F2wL}}. For Virginia, see volume one.

Evkesler: Undo revision 1229931 by Evkesler (talk)

2013-01-30T18:38:44Z

Undo revision 1229931 by Evkesler (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:38, 30 January 2013
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−	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]'' [[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale~~\|<center>Slaves Awaiting Sale</center>~~]] [[Image:Slavery\|thumb\|right\|200px]]	+	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]'' [[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale]] [[Image:Slavery.JPG\|thumb\|right\|200px]]

	== Strategies ==		== Strategies ==

−	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996\|thumb\|right\|300px]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.	+	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.

	<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.		<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.

Evkesler: Centered caption and removed .jpg

2013-01-30T18:37:39Z

Centered caption and removed .jpg

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:37, 30 January 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]'' [[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale~~, Richmond, Virginia, 1853~~\|<center>Slaves Awaiting Sale</center>]] [[Image:Slavery~~.JPG~~\|thumb\|right\|200px~~\|Slavery.JPG~~]]	+	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]'' [[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale\|<center>Slaves Awaiting Sale</center>]] [[Image:Slavery\|thumb\|right\|200px]]

	== Strategies ==		== Strategies ==

−	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996~~.jpg~~\|thumb\|right\|300px~~\|Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg~~]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.	+	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996\|thumb\|right\|300px]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.

	<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.		<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.
Line 116:		Line 116:
	===== Runaway Slaves =====		===== Runaway Slaves =====

−	[[Image:Runaway slave ad.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px~~\|Runaway slave ad.jpg~~]] Names of hundreds of runaway slaves, their descriptions, owners, and ages appeared in '''newspapers'''. They have been published and can be found in: <br>	+	[[Image:Runaway slave ad.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px]] Names of hundreds of runaway slaves, their descriptions, owners, and ages appeared in '''newspapers'''. They have been published and can be found in: <br>

	*Windley, Lathan A., comp. ''Runaway Slave Advertisements''. 4 vols. (Virginia and North Carolina) Wesport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. {{FHL\|419052\|item\|disp=FHL Book 975 F2wL}}. For Virginia, see volume one.		*Windley, Lathan A., comp. ''Runaway Slave Advertisements''. 4 vols. (Virginia and North Carolina) Wesport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. {{FHL\|419052\|item\|disp=FHL Book 975 F2wL}}. For Virginia, see volume one.

Evkesler: centered caption

2013-01-30T18:35:52Z

centered caption

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:35, 30 January 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]'' [[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale, Richmond, Virginia, 1853]] [[Image:Slavery.JPG\|thumb\|right\|200px]]	+	''[[United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png\|go to]]  [[Virginia_African_Americans\|African Americans]]'' [[Image:{{Virginiaslavesale}}\|Slaves Awaiting Sale, Richmond, Virginia, 1853\|<center>Slaves Awaiting Sale</center>]] [[Image:Slavery.JPG\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Slavery.JPG]]

	== Strategies ==		== Strategies ==

−	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.	+	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.

	<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.		<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.
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	The first slaves were imported into Virginia in 1619. Slaves were emancipated in 1865. The Official Tourism Website of the Commonwealth of Virginia has prepared a nice history of [http://www.virginia.org/africanamericansinvirginia/ African-Americans in Virginia].<br>		The first slaves were imported into Virginia in 1619. Slaves were emancipated in 1865. The Official Tourism Website of the Commonwealth of Virginia has prepared a nice history of [http://www.virginia.org/africanamericansinvirginia/ African-Americans in Virginia].<br>

−	{\| ~~width="100%"~~ cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"	+	{\| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="100%"
	\|-		\|-
	\| bgcolor="#cc99ff" colspan="4" \| <center>'''Number of Slaves in Virginia'''<ref name="no">Includes modern-day West Virginia and part of the District of Columbia. ''Ninth Census of the United States: Statistics of Population, Tables I to VIII Inclusive'' (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1872), 70, 72. Digital version at [http://archive.org/stream/ninthcensusunit00offigoog#page/n72/mode/1up Internet Archive]; {{FHL\|281281\|item\|disp=FHL Book 973 X2pcu}}; William O. Lynch, "The Westward Flow of Southern Colonists before 1861," ''The Journal of Southern History,'' Vol. 9, No. 3 (Aug. 1943):325. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2191319 JSTOR] ($).</ref></center>		\| bgcolor="#cc99ff" colspan="4" \| <center>'''Number of Slaves in Virginia'''<ref name="no">Includes modern-day West Virginia and part of the District of Columbia. ''Ninth Census of the United States: Statistics of Population, Tables I to VIII Inclusive'' (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1872), 70, 72. Digital version at [http://archive.org/stream/ninthcensusunit00offigoog#page/n72/mode/1up Internet Archive]; {{FHL\|281281\|item\|disp=FHL Book 973 X2pcu}}; William O. Lynch, "The Westward Flow of Southern Colonists before 1861," ''The Journal of Southern History,'' Vol. 9, No. 3 (Aug. 1943):325. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2191319 JSTOR] ($).</ref></center>
	\|}		\|}

−	{\| ~~width="100%"~~ cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" class="wikitable sortable"	+	{\| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="100%" class="wikitable sortable"
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Year'''		\| '''Year'''
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	===== Runaway Slaves =====		===== Runaway Slaves =====

−	[[Image:Runaway slave ad.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px]] Names of hundreds of runaway slaves, their descriptions, owners, and ages appeared in '''newspapers'''. They have been published and can be found in: <br>	+	[[Image:Runaway slave ad.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Runaway slave ad.jpg]] Names of hundreds of runaway slaves, their descriptions, owners, and ages appeared in '''newspapers'''. They have been published and can be found in: <br>

	*Windley, Lathan A., comp. ''Runaway Slave Advertisements''. 4 vols. (Virginia and North Carolina) Wesport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. {{FHL\|419052\|item\|disp=FHL Book 975 F2wL}}. For Virginia, see volume one.		*Windley, Lathan A., comp. ''Runaway Slave Advertisements''. 4 vols. (Virginia and North Carolina) Wesport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. {{FHL\|419052\|item\|disp=FHL Book 975 F2wL}}. For Virginia, see volume one.
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	Not all blacks were slaves in Virginia before the Civil War. Virginia had the largest free black population in the United States.<ref>''The Free Negro in Virginia,'' 9.</ref> Many black families had been free there since the 1600s. For each eight slaves in the state, there was one free person of color.<ref>''The Free Negro in Virginia,'' 10.</ref> Some of the largest families had the surnames Cumbo, Driggers, and Goins. Many free people of color descended from black slave men who had children by white indentured servant women.<ref name="drig">The previous school of thought had the colors and genders swapped - it was believed that they descended from illegitimate offspring of white slave masters and black slave women. A 1662 law stated that the offspring of such relations would take the legal status of the mother. Most children resulting from illicit relations between white slave masters and black slave women remained in slavery. See Paul Heinegg, ''Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware,'' http://freeafricanamericans.com/, accessed 25 May 2012; and ''The Free Negro in Virginia,'' 19.</ref> Others were manumitted.<br>		Not all blacks were slaves in Virginia before the Civil War. Virginia had the largest free black population in the United States.<ref>''The Free Negro in Virginia,'' 9.</ref> Many black families had been free there since the 1600s. For each eight slaves in the state, there was one free person of color.<ref>''The Free Negro in Virginia,'' 10.</ref> Some of the largest families had the surnames Cumbo, Driggers, and Goins. Many free people of color descended from black slave men who had children by white indentured servant women.<ref name="drig">The previous school of thought had the colors and genders swapped - it was believed that they descended from illegitimate offspring of white slave masters and black slave women. A 1662 law stated that the offspring of such relations would take the legal status of the mother. Most children resulting from illicit relations between white slave masters and black slave women remained in slavery. See Paul Heinegg, ''Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware,'' http://freeafricanamericans.com/, accessed 25 May 2012; and ''The Free Negro in Virginia,'' 19.</ref> Others were manumitted.<br>

−	{\| ~~width="100%"~~ cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"	+	{\| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="100%"
	\|-		\|-
	\| bgcolor="#cc99ff" colspan="4" \| <center>'''Number of Free People of Color in Virginia'''<ref name="no">Includes modern-day West Virginia and part of the District of Columbia. ''Ninth Census of the United States: Statistics of Population, Tables I to VIII Inclusive'' (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1872), 70, 72. Digital version at [http://archive.org/stream/ninthcensusunit00offigoog#page/n72/mode/1up Internet Archive]; {{FHL\|281281\|item\|disp=FHL Book 973 X2pcu}}; William O. Lynch, "The Westward Flow of Southern Colonists before 1861," ''The Journal of Southern History,'' Vol. 9, No. 3 (Aug. 1943):325. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2191319 JSTOR] ($).</ref></center>		\| bgcolor="#cc99ff" colspan="4" \| <center>'''Number of Free People of Color in Virginia'''<ref name="no">Includes modern-day West Virginia and part of the District of Columbia. ''Ninth Census of the United States: Statistics of Population, Tables I to VIII Inclusive'' (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1872), 70, 72. Digital version at [http://archive.org/stream/ninthcensusunit00offigoog#page/n72/mode/1up Internet Archive]; {{FHL\|281281\|item\|disp=FHL Book 973 X2pcu}}; William O. Lynch, "The Westward Flow of Southern Colonists before 1861," ''The Journal of Southern History,'' Vol. 9, No. 3 (Aug. 1943):325. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2191319 JSTOR] ($).</ref></center>
	\|}		\|}

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← Older revision		Revision as of 21:22, 9 January 2013
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	== Strategies ==		== Strategies ==

−	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|~~Africa ethnic groups~~ 1996~~.jpg~~]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.	+	[[Image:Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|<center>African Ethnic Groups 1996</center>]] African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - '''before '''and '''after '''the '''Civil War'''.

	<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.		<br>This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from [[Virginia]]. As you read this Wiki page, also study the [[African American Research]] Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.
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	=== Genetic Testing ===		=== Genetic Testing ===

−	Many African Americans alive today are having their DNA tested to learn which tribes in Africa they descend from. To learn more about this procedure, read [[Hiring a DNA Testing Company]].	+	Many African Americans alive today are having their DNA tested to learn which tribes in Africa they descend from. To learn more about this procedure, read [[Hiring a DNA Testing Company]].

	== History ==		== History ==

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