Tonga - Revision history

Cottrells: Text replace - "http://forums.familysearch.org/en" to "https://www.familysearch.org/learn/forums/en"

2013-04-14T23:15:30Z

Text replace - "http://forums.familysearch.org/en" to "https://www.familysearch.org/learn/forums/en"

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:15, 14 April 2013
Line 34:		Line 34:
	{{Forum badge		{{Forum badge
	\| layout = vertical		\| layout = vertical
−	\| link = ~~http~~://~~forums~~.familysearch.org/en/forumdisplay.php?f=10	+	\| link = https://www.familysearch.org/learn/forums/en/forumdisplay.php?f=10
	\| name = Oceania Research Forum		\| name = Oceania Research Forum
	}} {{FacebookGRC badge		}} {{FacebookGRC badge

Saguache214: correct punctuation

2013-01-07T17:00:28Z

correct punctuation

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:00, 7 January 2013
Line 69:		Line 69:
	=== Marriage Matters ===		=== Marriage Matters ===

−	That the marriage of Sinaitakala Ilangi Leka, Tu'i Tonga Fefine of Tongatapu, to the Fijian chief, Tapu'osi from the village of Vasivasi, Fiji ''shifted'' the political alliance from Samoa to Fiji. Sinaitakala Illangi Leka was the daughter of Uluakimata the 1st, also known as Tele'a, and his Ma'itaki wife [premier wife], Mataukipa, daughter of Kau'ulufonua Hua, Chief of Mataliku,  Uluakimata the 1st was the 29th Tui Tonga [King] reigned in Tonga as King and is calculated to have started his reign about 1561.<ref>Gifford, Edward Winslow. Tongan Society, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Bulletin 61, Bayard Dominick Expedition, Publication Number 16, Honolulu, Hawaii, Published by the Museum 1929, Kraus Reprint Co., New York, 1971.</ref><br>	+	That the marriage of Sinaitakala Ilangi Leka, Tu'i Tonga Fefine of Tongatapu, to the Fijian chief, Tapu'osi from the village of Vasivasi, Fiji ''shifted'' the political alliance from Samoa to Fiji. Sinaitakala Illangi Leka was the daughter of Uluakimata the 1st, also known as Tele'a, and his Ma'itaki wife [premier wife], Mataukipa, daughter of Kau'ulufonua Hua, Chief of Mataliku.  Uluakimata the 1st was the 29th Tui Tonga [King] reigned in Tonga as King and is calculated to have started his reign about 1561.<ref>Gifford, Edward Winslow. Tongan Society, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Bulletin 61, Bayard Dominick Expedition, Publication Number 16, Honolulu, Hawaii, Published by the Museum 1929, Kraus Reprint Co., New York, 1971.</ref><br>

	<br>		<br>

Saguache214: Grammar, spelling, and sentence structure.

2013-01-07T16:59:38Z

Grammar, spelling, and sentence structure.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:59, 7 January 2013
Line 69:		Line 69:
	=== Marriage Matters ===		=== Marriage Matters ===

−	That the marriage of Sinaitakala Ilangi Leka, Tu'i Tonga Fefine of Tongatapu, daughter of Uluakimata the 1st also known as Tele'a, ~~who was the 29th Tu'i Tonga [King]~~ and his ''Ma'itaki ''wife [premier wife], Mataukipa, daughter of Kau'ulufonua Hua, Chief of Mataliku, ~~to the Fijian chief, Tapu'osi from the village of Vasivasi, Fiji ''shifted'' the political alliance from Samoa to Fiji.~~  ~~Uluakimate~~ the 1st reigned in Tonga as King and is calculated to have started his reign about 1561.<ref>Gifford, Edward Winslow. Tongan Society, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Bulletin 61, Bayard Dominick Expedition, Publication Number 16, Honolulu, Hawaii, Published by the Museum 1929, Kraus Reprint Co., New York, 1971.</ref><br>	+	That the marriage of Sinaitakala Ilangi Leka, Tu'i Tonga Fefine of Tongatapu, to the Fijian chief, Tapu'osi from the village of Vasivasi, Fiji ''shifted'' the political alliance from Samoa to Fiji. Sinaitakala Illangi Leka was the daughter of Uluakimata the 1st, also known as Tele'a, and his Ma'itaki wife [premier wife], Mataukipa, daughter of Kau'ulufonua Hua, Chief of Mataliku,  Uluakimata the 1st was the 29th Tui Tonga [King] reigned in Tonga as King and is calculated to have started his reign about 1561.<ref>Gifford, Edward Winslow. Tongan Society, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Bulletin 61, Bayard Dominick Expedition, Publication Number 16, Honolulu, Hawaii, Published by the Museum 1929, Kraus Reprint Co., New York, 1971.</ref><br>

−	<br>	+	<br>

	=== Taxation Tongan Style.  Taxation took three basic forms. ===		=== Taxation Tongan Style.  Taxation took three basic forms. ===

Saguache214: adding taxation reference

2012-10-29T01:28:48Z

adding taxation reference

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:28, 29 October 2012
Line 79:		Line 79:
	2.  '''Taxation by corvee '''which means enforced labor.  Major efforts were carried out through corvee and were essentially carried out on larger landholdings of important chiefs.  At times, two or three times a week, laborers from inferior chief's entourage would work for other chiefs to plant and work the plantations such as for the Tu'i Kanokupolo.		2.  '''Taxation by corvee '''which means enforced labor.  Major efforts were carried out through corvee and were essentially carried out on larger landholdings of important chiefs.  At times, two or three times a week, laborers from inferior chief's entourage would work for other chiefs to plant and work the plantations such as for the Tu'i Kanokupolo.

−	3.  '''Taxation by fono '''was a public meeting and compulsory.  Decrees, advise, and warnings were issued at these meetings.  Tribute might be in demanding food for special occassions such as feasts or burial ceremonies.  A fono could also be used to organize and appoint work details.  Chiefs seldom attended these fono events and sent their matapule advisors.  Lesser chiefs would hold smaller fono meetings for their tenants.  There was no give and take discussions at fonos.  Essentially the work was accomplished by those under the rule of the lesser chiefs.	+	3.  '''Taxation by fono '''was a public meeting and compulsory.  Decrees, advise, and warnings were issued at these meetings.  Tribute might be in demanding food for special occassions such as feasts or burial ceremonies.  A fono could also be used to organize and appoint work details.  Chiefs seldom attended these fono events and sent their matapule advisors.  Lesser chiefs would hold smaller fono meetings for their tenants.  There was no give and take discussions at fonos.  Essentially the work was accomplished by those under the rule of the lesser chiefs.<ref>Ferdon, Edwin N.Early Tonga As the Explorers Saw It 1616-1810, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.</ref>

	=== Things you can do ===		=== Things you can do ===

Saguache214: spelling and grammar edit

2012-10-29T01:25:35Z

spelling and grammar edit

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:25, 29 October 2012
Line 75:		Line 75:
	=== Taxation Tongan Style.  Taxation took three basic forms. ===		=== Taxation Tongan Style.  Taxation took three basic forms. ===

−	1. ''' Taxation by tribute''' was given twice a year.  The first was the first ~~fruist~~ 'inasi ceremony that was a form of prayer to the gods for ample crops in the forthcoming season.  The second 'inasi ceremony was a tribute where district chiefs occasionally ~~dertermined~~ the amount of kind of items demanded of their district landowners.  At this second tribute offering, the choice of tribute was often left up to the individual.  However, if the tribute was deemed lacking, that individual could find his or her property taken away.  Therefore, the second 'inasi tribute ceremony was often termed a "gift of respect" and resulted in individual tax payment greater than was expected.	+	1. ''' Taxation by tribute''' was given twice a year.  The first was the first fruit 'inasi ceremony that was a form of prayer to the gods for ample crops in the forthcoming season.  The second 'inasi ceremony was a tribute where district chiefs occasionally determined the amount and kind of items demanded from their district landowners.  At this second tribute offering, the choice of tribute was often left up to the individual.  However, if the tribute was deemed lacking, that individual could find his or her property taken away.  Therefore, the second 'inasi tribute ceremony was often termed a "gift of respect" and resulted in individual tax payment greater than was expected.

−	2.  '''Taxation by corvee '''which means enforced labor.  Major efforts were carried out through corvee and were essentially carried out on larger landholdings of important chiefs.  At times, two or three times a week laborers from inferior chief's entourage would work for other chiefs to plant and work the plantations such as for the Tu'i Kanokupolo.	+	2.  '''Taxation by corvee '''which means enforced labor.  Major efforts were carried out through corvee and were essentially carried out on larger landholdings of important chiefs.  At times, two or three times a week, laborers from inferior chief's entourage would work for other chiefs to plant and work the plantations such as for the Tu'i Kanokupolo.

−	3.  '''Taxation by fono '''~~which~~ was a public meeting and compulsory.  Decrees, advise, and warnings were issued at these meetings.  Tribute might be in demanding food for special occassions such as feasts or burial ceremonies.  A fono could also be used to organize and appoint work details.  Chiefs seldom attended these fono events and sent their matapule advisors.  Lesser chiefs would hold smaller fono meetings for their tenants.  There was no give and take discussions at fonos.  Essentially the work was accomplished by those under the rule of the lesser chiefs.	+	3.  '''Taxation by fono '''was a public meeting and compulsory.  Decrees, advise, and warnings were issued at these meetings.  Tribute might be in demanding food for special occassions such as feasts or burial ceremonies.  A fono could also be used to organize and appoint work details.  Chiefs seldom attended these fono events and sent their matapule advisors.  Lesser chiefs would hold smaller fono meetings for their tenants.  There was no give and take discussions at fonos.  Essentially the work was accomplished by those under the rule of the lesser chiefs.

	=== Things you can do ===		=== Things you can do ===

Averyld: removed duplicate information

2012-10-29T01:20:36Z

removed duplicate information

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:20, 29 October 2012
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	~~_NOTOC__~~ <!--the text below will appear in the sidebar on the left side of the screen-->	+	<!--the text below will appear in the sidebar on the left side of the screen-->
	<div style="float: left; width: 24%;">		<div style="float: left; width: 24%;">
	{\| border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 240);"		{\| border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 240);"
Line 40:		Line 40:
	\| link = https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tonga-Genealogy-Research/302442853157108?cid=GRCW_Tonga		\| link = https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tonga-Genealogy-Research/302442853157108?cid=GRCW_Tonga
	}}		}}
−	</div>	+	</div> <div style="float: right; width: 74%;">
−	~~[[Category:Tonga]] [[Category:Pacific_Island_Research]]~~	+
−	<div style="float: right; width: 74%;">	+
	Tonga, unique among Pacific nations, never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.		Tonga, unique among Pacific nations, never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.

Line 106:		Line 104:

	<br>		<br>
−
−	~~__NOTOC__ <!--the text below will appear in the sidebar on the left side of the screen-->~~
−
−	~~<div style="float: left; width: 24%;">~~
−	~~{\| border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 240);"~~
−	\|-
−	~~\| align="center" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: verdana;" \| '''News and Events'''~~
−	\|-
−	~~\| align="left" style="background: rgb(249, 243, 253)" \| <!--Add News and Events below-->~~
−	*Add News items here
−
−	\|-
−	~~\| align="center" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: verdana;" \| '''Topics'''~~
−	\|-
−	~~\| align="left" style="background: rgb(249, 243, 253)" \|~~
−	*'''[[Pacific Island Guide to Family History Research\|Pacific Island Guide]]'''
−	*[[Tonga Archives and Libraries\|Archives and Libraries]]
−	*[[Tonga Biography\|Biography]]
−	*[[Tonga Census\|Census]]
−	*[[Tonga Church History\|Church History]]
−	*[[Tonga Church Records\|Church Records]]
−	*[[Tonga Civil Registration\|Civil Registration]]
−	*[[Tonga Emigration and Immigration\|Emigration and Immigration]]
−	*[[Tonga Gazetteers\|Gazetteers]]
−	*[[Samoan, Tongan and other Polynesian Genealogies\|Genealogies]]
−	*[[Tonga History\|History]]
−	*[[Tonga Maps\|Maps]]
−	*[[Tonga Newspapers\|Newspapers]]
−	*[[Tonga Nobility\|Nobility]]
−	*[[Tonga Oral History in the Family History Library\|Oral History]]
−	*[[Tonga Social Life and Customs\|Social Life and Customs]]
−	*[[Tonga Taxation\|Taxation]]
−
−	\|}
−
−	~~{{Forum badge~~
−	~~\| layout = vertical~~
−	~~\| link = http://forums.familysearch.org/en/forumdisplay.php?f=10~~
−	~~\| name = Oceania Research Forum~~
−	~~}} {{FacebookGRC badge~~
−	~~\| layout = vertical~~
−	~~\| link = https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tonga-Genealogy-Research/302442853157108?cid=GRCW_Tonga~~
−	}}
	</div>		</div>
	[[Category:Tonga]] [[Category:Pacific_Island_Research]]		[[Category:Tonga]] [[Category:Pacific_Island_Research]]

Saguache214: checking alignment

2012-10-29T01:08:15Z

checking alignment

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:08, 29 October 2012
Line 108:		Line 108:

	__NOTOC__ <!--the text below will appear in the sidebar on the left side of the screen-->		__NOTOC__ <!--the text below will appear in the sidebar on the left side of the screen-->
		+
	<div style="float: left; width: 24%;">		<div style="float: left; width: 24%;">
	{\| border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 240);"		{\| border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 240);"
Line 148:		Line 149:
	\| link = https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tonga-Genealogy-Research/302442853157108?cid=GRCW_Tonga		\| link = https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tonga-Genealogy-Research/302442853157108?cid=GRCW_Tonga
	}}		}}
−	</div> [[Category:Tonga]] [[Category:Pacific_Island_Research]] ~~</div>~~	+	</div>
		+	[[Category:Tonga]] [[Category:Pacific_Island_Research]]

Saguache214: trying to fix alignment

2012-10-29T01:07:17Z

trying to fix alignment

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:07, 29 October 2012
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	_NOTOC__ <!--the text below will appear in the sidebar on the left side of the screen-->
		+	<div style="float: left; width: 24%;">
		+	{\| border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 240);"
		+	\|-
		+	\| align="center" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: verdana;" \| '''News and Events'''
		+	\|-
		+	\| align="left" style="background: rgb(249, 243, 253)" \| <!--Add News and Events below-->
		+	*Add News items here
		+
		+	\|-
		+	\| align="center" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: verdana;" \| '''Topics'''
		+	\|-
		+	\| align="left" style="background: rgb(249, 243, 253)" \|
		+	*'''[[Pacific Island Guide to Family History Research\|Pacific Island Guide]]'''
		+	*[[Tonga Archives and Libraries\|Archives and Libraries]]
		+	*[[Tonga Biography\|Biography]]
		+	*[[Tonga Census\|Census]]
		+	*[[Tonga Church History\|Church History]]
		+	*[[Tonga Church Records\|Church Records]]
		+	*[[Tonga Civil Registration\|Civil Registration]]
		+	*[[Tonga Emigration and Immigration\|Emigration and Immigration]]
		+	*[[Tonga Gazetteers\|Gazetteers]]
		+	*[[Samoan, Tongan and other Polynesian Genealogies\|Genealogies]]
		+	*[[Tonga History\|History]]
		+	*[[Tonga Maps\|Maps]]
		+	*[[Tonga Newspapers\|Newspapers]]
		+	*[[Tonga Nobility\|Nobility]]
		+	*[[Tonga Oral History in the Family History Library\|Oral History]]
		+	*[[Tonga Social Life and Customs\|Social Life and Customs]]
		+	*[[Tonga Taxation\|Taxation]]
		+
		+	\|}
		+
		+	{{Forum badge
		+	\| layout = vertical
		+	\| link = http://forums.familysearch.org/en/forumdisplay.php?f=10
		+	\| name = Oceania Research Forum
		+	}} {{FacebookGRC badge
		+	\| layout = vertical
		+	\| link = https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tonga-Genealogy-Research/302442853157108?cid=GRCW_Tonga
		+	}}
		+	</div>
		+	[[Category:Tonga]] [[Category:Pacific_Island_Research]]
	<div style="float: right; width: 74%;">		<div style="float: right; width: 74%;">
	Tonga, unique among Pacific nations, never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.		Tonga, unique among Pacific nations, never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Line 105:		Line 148:
	\| link = https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tonga-Genealogy-Research/302442853157108?cid=GRCW_Tonga		\| link = https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tonga-Genealogy-Research/302442853157108?cid=GRCW_Tonga
	}}		}}
−	</div>	+	</div> [[Category:Tonga]] [[Category:Pacific_Island_Research]] </div>
−	[[Category:Tonga]] [[Category:Pacific_Island_Research]]	+

Saguache214: realignment

2012-10-29T01:06:42Z

realignment

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:06, 29 October 2012
Line 105:		Line 105:
	\| link = https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tonga-Genealogy-Research/302442853157108?cid=GRCW_Tonga		\| link = https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tonga-Genealogy-Research/302442853157108?cid=GRCW_Tonga
	}}		}}
−	</div> [[Category:Tonga]] [[Category:Pacific_Island_Research]] ~~</div>~~	+	</div>
		+	[[Category:Tonga]] [[Category:Pacific_Island_Research]]

Saguache214: placement reference

2012-10-29T01:05:34Z

placement reference

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:05, 29 October 2012
Line 1:		Line 1:
	<div style="float: right; width: 74%;">		<div style="float: right; width: 74%;">
−
	Tonga, unique among Pacific nations, never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.		Tonga, unique among Pacific nations, never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.

	=== Getting started with Tonga research ===		=== Getting started with Tonga research ===

−	Understanding the history of Tonga is critical.  Click here to access [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Tonga_(Pacific_Island_Guide) guidelines] for doing Tongan research.  When you are done, click on the upper left hand arrow of the tool bar to return to this page.	+	Understanding the history of Tonga is critical.  Click here to access [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Tonga_(Pacific_Island_Guide) guidelines] for doing Tongan research.  When you are done, click on the upper left hand arrow of the tool bar to return to this page.

	=== Jurisdictions ===		=== Jurisdictions ===

−	[[Image:Tonga.png\|border\|right\|200px\|Tonga.png]]	+	[[Image:Tonga.png\|border\|right\|200px\|Tonga.png]]

	(Your text or images here)		(Your text or images here)
Line 17:		Line 16:
	*http://tonga.worldvitalrecords.com/		*http://tonga.worldvitalrecords.com/
	*http://boards.rootsweb.com/localities.oceania.tonga/45/mb.ashx		*http://boards.rootsweb.com/localities.oceania.tonga/45/mb.ashx
−	*To learn about the noble, chieftan, and royal lines, click here for a [http://www.royalark.net/Tonga/tonga.htm website] established by Christopher Bayers of the UK.  Mr. Bayers also provides Niu'atuputapu lines of those who ruled the Tongan island of 'Eua.	+	*To learn about the noble, chieftan, and royal lines, click here for a [http://www.royalark.net/Tonga/tonga.htm website] established by Christopher Bayers of the UK.  Mr. Bayers also provides Niu'atuputapu lines of those who ruled the Tongan island of 'Eua.
	*[http://www.artsfaculty.auckland.ac.nz/special/germansintonga/?historicalbackground German and Tonga government relationship]		*[http://www.artsfaculty.auckland.ac.nz/special/germansintonga/?historicalbackground German and Tonga government relationship]
	*[http://net.lib.byu.edu/fslab/researchoutlines/Pacific/SamoaTahitiTongaFiji.pdf BYU Research Guide for Fiji, Samoa, Tahiti, Tonga]		*[http://net.lib.byu.edu/fslab/researchoutlines/Pacific/SamoaTahitiTongaFiji.pdf BYU Research Guide for Fiji, Samoa, Tahiti, Tonga]
Line 31:		Line 30:
	That the marriage of Sinaitakala Ilangi Leka, Tu'i Tonga Fefine of Tongatapu, daughter of Uluakimata the 1st also known as Tele'a, who was the 29th Tu'i Tonga [King] and his ''Ma'itaki ''wife [premier wife], Mataukipa, daughter of Kau'ulufonua Hua, Chief of Mataliku, to the Fijian chief, Tapu'osi from the village of Vasivasi, Fiji ''shifted'' the political alliance from Samoa to Fiji.  Uluakimate the 1st reigned in Tonga as King and is calculated to have started his reign about 1561.<ref>Gifford, Edward Winslow. Tongan Society, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Bulletin 61, Bayard Dominick Expedition, Publication Number 16, Honolulu, Hawaii, Published by the Museum 1929, Kraus Reprint Co., New York, 1971.</ref><br>		That the marriage of Sinaitakala Ilangi Leka, Tu'i Tonga Fefine of Tongatapu, daughter of Uluakimata the 1st also known as Tele'a, who was the 29th Tu'i Tonga [King] and his ''Ma'itaki ''wife [premier wife], Mataukipa, daughter of Kau'ulufonua Hua, Chief of Mataliku, to the Fijian chief, Tapu'osi from the village of Vasivasi, Fiji ''shifted'' the political alliance from Samoa to Fiji.  Uluakimate the 1st reigned in Tonga as King and is calculated to have started his reign about 1561.<ref>Gifford, Edward Winslow. Tongan Society, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Bulletin 61, Bayard Dominick Expedition, Publication Number 16, Honolulu, Hawaii, Published by the Museum 1929, Kraus Reprint Co., New York, 1971.</ref><br>

−	<br>	+	<br>

−	=== Taxation Tongan Style.  Taxation took three basic forms. ===	+	=== Taxation Tongan Style.  Taxation took three basic forms. ===

−	1. ''' Taxation by tribute''' was given twice a year.  The first was the first fruist 'inasi ceremony that was a form of prayer to the gods for ample crops in the forthcoming season.  The second 'inasi ceremony was a tribute where district chiefs occasionally dertermined the amount of kind of items demanded of their district landowners.  At this second tribute offering, the choice of tribute was often left up to the individual.  However, if the tribute was deemed lacking, that individual could find his or her property taken away.  Therefore, the second 'inasi tribute ceremony was often termed a "gift of respect" and resulted in individual tax payment greater than was expected.	+	1. ''' Taxation by tribute''' was given twice a year.  The first was the first fruist 'inasi ceremony that was a form of prayer to the gods for ample crops in the forthcoming season.  The second 'inasi ceremony was a tribute where district chiefs occasionally dertermined the amount of kind of items demanded of their district landowners.  At this second tribute offering, the choice of tribute was often left up to the individual.  However, if the tribute was deemed lacking, that individual could find his or her property taken away.  Therefore, the second 'inasi tribute ceremony was often termed a "gift of respect" and resulted in individual tax payment greater than was expected.

−	2.  '''Taxation by corvee '''which means enforced labor.  Major efforts were carried out through corvee and were essentially carried out on larger landholdings of important chiefs.  At times, two or three times a week laborers from inferior chief's entourage would work for other chiefs to plant and work the plantations such as for the Tu'i Kanokupolo.	+	2.  '''Taxation by corvee '''which means enforced labor.  Major efforts were carried out through corvee and were essentially carried out on larger landholdings of important chiefs.  At times, two or three times a week laborers from inferior chief's entourage would work for other chiefs to plant and work the plantations such as for the Tu'i Kanokupolo.

−	3.  '''Taxation by fono '''which was a public meeting and compulsory.  Decrees, advise, and warnings were issued at these meetings.  Tribute might be in demanding food for special occassions such as feasts or burial ceremonies.  A fono could also be used to organize and appoint work details.  Chiefs seldom attended these fono events and sent their matapule advisors.  Lesser chiefs would hold smaller fono meetings for their tenants.  There was no give and take discussions at fonos.  Essentially the work was accomplished by those under the rule of the lesser chiefs.	+	3.  '''Taxation by fono '''which was a public meeting and compulsory.  Decrees, advise, and warnings were issued at these meetings.  Tribute might be in demanding food for special occassions such as feasts or burial ceremonies.  A fono could also be used to organize and appoint work details.  Chiefs seldom attended these fono events and sent their matapule advisors.  Lesser chiefs would hold smaller fono meetings for their tenants.  There was no give and take discussions at fonos.  Essentially the work was accomplished by those under the rule of the lesser chiefs.

	=== Things you can do ===		=== Things you can do ===
Line 61:		Line 60:
	=== Reference: ===		=== Reference: ===

−	~~<br>~~	+	{{reflist}}

	<br>		<br>
Line 106:		Line 105:
	\| link = https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tonga-Genealogy-Research/302442853157108?cid=GRCW_Tonga		\| link = https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tonga-Genealogy-Research/302442853157108?cid=GRCW_Tonga
	}}		}}
−	</div>	+	</div> [[Category:Tonga]] [[Category:Pacific_Island_Research]] </div>
−	[[Category:Tonga]] [[Category:Pacific_Island_Research]]	+