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Finland Research Outline |
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Helps For Using This Research Outline
References To The Family History Library Catalog
References To Other Family History Library Publications
Finnish Terms
Map Of Finland - Provinces
Map Of Finland - Counties Of 1939
Map Of Finland - Counties Of 1960
Archives And Libraries
National Archives
Provincial Archives
Parish Offices
Military Archives
Other Finnish Archives And Libraries
United States Archives
Inventories, Registers, Catalogs
Computer Networks And Bulletin Boards
Biography
Cemeteries
Census
General Background
Using Census Records
1634–1809
1810–1860
Church History
Church Records
Information Recorded In Church Registers
Births [syntyneet/födda] And Baptisms [kastetut/döpta]
Marriages [vihityt/vigda]
Deaths [kuolleet/döda] And Burials [haudatut/begravna]
Church Records Extracts [kirkonkirjojen Kopiot/avskrifter Av Kyrkoböcker]
Confirmation Registers [rippilapset/skriftskolebarn; Konfirmationer]
Communion Records [rippikirjat/kommunionböcker]
Preconfirmation Records [lastenkirjat/barnböcker]
Moving Records [muuttaneet/muuttokirjat; Flyttningslängder/flyttningsbetyg]
Finding Church Records
Records At The Family History Library
Records Not At The Family History Library
Search Strategies
Civil Registration
Court Records
Emigration And Immigration
Finding The Emigrant’s Town Of Origin
Emigration From Finland
Australia
Sweden And Norway
Russia
Immigration Into Finland
Finnish Passport Lists
Passenger Lists (departures)
The Institute Of Migration
National Archives
Records Of Finnish Emigrants In Their Destination Countries
Encyclopedias And Dictionaries
Gazetteers
Genealogy
Major Collections And Databases
Family Histories And Newsletters
Family Registers [perheluettelot/familjeregister]
Heraldry
History
Local Histories
Calendar Changes
Language And Languages
Language Aids
Maps
Using Maps
Finding The Specific Place On The Map
Finding Maps And Atlases
Merchant Marine
Military Records
Names, Personal
Surnames
Given Names
Nobility
Occupations
Periodicals
Obtaining Periodicals
Probate Records
The Probate Process
Availability Of Probate Records
Public Records
The Old And New Collections Of Accounts
Old Collection Of Accounts, 1531–1634
New Collection Of Accounts, 1635–1809
Suomen Asutuksen Yleisluettelo (say)
Schools
Social Life And Customs
Societies
Genealogical Societies
Historical Societies
Taxation
Other Records For Finland
For Further Reading
Comments And Suggestions
CENSUS
A census is a count and description of the population. In Finland records similar to census records are called henkikirjat/mantalslängder. These records were a type of population registration kept for taxation purposes.
Various tax lists were kept from the 1530s on; however, they are not as comprehensive as the henkikirjat/mantalsängder, which began in 1634.
Another record similar to a census is the communion book. For more information, see the “Church Records” section of this outline.
The henkikirjat/mantalslängder precede the earliest church records and can frequently be used to extend family lines beyond what is recorded in the church records. They also can be used to fill in information where the church records have gaps or are missing.
Various age groups were included in the early henkikirjat/mantalslängder:
Before 1765 some people did not have to register for the henkikirjat/mantalslängder because they did not have to pay the associated taxes:
After 1765 the government began to use the henkikirjat/mantalslängder for statistical purposes; therefore, everyone—including people exempt from the taxes—was required to register. People gradually complied.
Before using original census records, you should first use the Suomen asutuksen yleisluettelo/ Generalregistret över bosättningen i Finland (General Register of Settlement in Finland). This register includes 1539 to 1809. See the “Public Records” section of this outline for more information.
The henkikirjat/mantalslängder records are grouped in two time periods:
All of the records have a similar format, listing the districts, parishes, and villages. Within each village, the taxpayers are listed by household. The head of the household is listed by name. Other members of the household are indicated by numbers in various columns. In many of the later records, all members of the household are listed by name. Ages are frequently mentioned.
The henkikirjat/mantalslängder for 1634 to 1809 are part of the Uudempi tilikirjakokoelma/Nyare räkenskapssamlingen (New Collection of Accounts). See the “Public Records” section of this outline for a description of this source.
You can find these records by looking in the Locality Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:
The catalog has two sets of records under the same title, Uudempi tilikirjakokoelma/Nyare räkenskapssamlingen (New Collection of Accounts):
An index to the henkikirjat/mantalslängder is available for this time period. It is organized by civil districts [kihlakunta/härad] and cities and specifies the page number on which the district or city begins within each census volume. This index is:
Luettelo henkikirjamikrofilmien käyttökopioista 1634–1808/Förteckning över brukskopior av mikrofilmer av mantalslängder 1634–1808 (Inventory of Microfilms of the 1634–1808 Censuses). Ed. Matti Walta. 2nd rev. ed. Helsinki: Valtionarkisto, 1989. (FHL book 948.97 A33La 1989; barcode 021774.)
To find Finnish henkikirjat/mantalslängder that were kept from 1810 to 1860, look in the Locality Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:
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General Background
Using Census Records
1634–1809
FINLAND, [COUNTY] - CENSUSFINLAND, [COUNTY] - MILITARY RECORDSFINLAND, [COUNTY] - PUBLIC RECORDS
1810–1860
FINLAND, [COUNTY] - CENSUS - 1810–1860
During this time period, the henkikirjat/ mantalslänslängder were only filmed every five years. These films have internal indexes to the districts and parishes indicating initial page numbers.
[FamilySearchTM: Research Guidance
Version of Data: 6/8/2001]