R E S E A R C H   G U I D A N C E

Denmark
Research Outline
  Download the Printable (PDF) Version

Table of Contents
Introduction
Danish Search Strategies
Records At The Family History Library
The Family History Library Catalog
Archives And Libraries
Biography
Census
Church Records
Civil Registration
Court Records
Emigration And Immigration
Encyclopedias And Dictionaries
Gazetteers
Genealogy
Historical Geography
History
Land And Property
Language And Languages
Maps
Military Records
Names, Personal
Nobility
Occupations
Periodicals
Probate Records
Social Life And Customs
Societies
Schools
Other Records
For Further Reading
Comments And Suggestions


INTRODUCTION


This outline introduces you to the records you can use to discover your Danish ancestors. It describes the content, use, and availability of major genealogical records. Use this outline to set meaningful goals and to select the records that will help you achieve your research goals.

Generally, you must know the specific parish in Denmark where your Danish ancestor was born before beginning research in Denmark.

You will need some basic understanding of genealogical research procedures. You may want to see the video orientation program and the accompanying booklet, Guide to Research, available at the Family History Library and at Family History CentersLook this term up in the glossary..


Using This Outline

The “Danish Search Strategies” section of this outline explains how to effectively research your family history. This section is particularly valuable if you are just beginning your research.

The section “Records Selection TableLook this term up in the glossary.” helps you select records to search. “Records at the Family History Library,” describes the library's Danish collection. The “Family History Library Catalog” section explains how to use the library's catalog to find specific records in the library's collection.

The outline discusses, in alphabetical order, the major records used for Danish research, such as “Census” and “Church Records.” The names of these sections are the same as the subject headings used in the Family History Library CatalogLook this term up in the glossary..

Related records and concepts are grouped together under the same heading. For example, in the “Emigration and Immigration” section you will find information about—

  • The history of emigration from Denmark.
  • Passenger lists.

At the end of the outline you will also find a brief list of “Other Records.”


Return to top of page


DANISH SEARCH STRATEGIES



Step 1. Identify What You Know about Your Family

Begin with family and home sources. Look for names, dates, and places in certificates, family Bibles, obituaries, diaries, and similar sources. Ask your relatives for any additional information they may have. It's very likely that your second cousin, great-aunt, or other relative already has some family information. Organize the information you find, and record it on pedigree chartsLook this term up in the glossary. and family group recordLook this term up in the glossary. forms.


Step 2. Decide What You Want to Learn

Select a specific relative or ancestor born in Denmark for whom you know at least a name, the village or parish where he or she lived in Denmark, and an approximate date when he or she lived there. It is also very helpful to know the names of other family members born in Denmark.

For suggestions on finding an immigrant ancestor's birthplace, see the “Emigration and Immigration” section of this outline.

Next, decide what you want to learn about your ancestor, such as where and when he was married, or the names of his parents. You may want to ask an experienced researcher or a librarian to help you select a goal that you can achieve.


Step 3. Select a Record to Search

Read this outline to learn about the types of records used for Danish research. To trace your family, you may need to use some of the records described in each section. Several factors can affect your choice of which records to search. This outline can help you evaluate the contents, availability, ease of use, time period covered, and reliability of the records, as well as the likelihood that your ancestor will be listed in them.

To do effective research, you should begin by obtaining some background information. Then survey any research that may have been previously done. Finally, search original documents.

Background Information Sources. You may need some geographical and historical information. This can save you time and effort by helping you focus your research in the correct place and time period.

Previous Research Sources. Most genealogists do a survey of research previously done by others. This can save time and give you valuable information. You may want to look for—

Records containing previous research are described in the “Biography,” “Genealogy,” “History,” “Periodicals,” and “Societies” sections of this outline. Remember that the information in these sources may contain some inaccuracies. Therefore, you will want to verify the information you find in such records.

Original RecordsLook this term up in the glossary.. After surveying previous research, you will be ready to begin original research. Original research is the process of searching through original documents (often copied on microfilm), which are usually handwritten in the native language. These documents can provide primary information about your family because they were generally recorded at or near the time of an event by a reliable witness. To do thorough research, you should search records of—

  • Each place where your ancestor lived.
  • The time period he or she lived there.
  • All jurisdictions that may have kept records about your ancestor (town, parish, province, and nation).

Many types of original documents are described in this outline. For Danish research, most family information is found in the records described under—

  • Church Records.
  • Census Records.
  • Probate Records.

For each record type, the paragraph heading used in this outline is the same as the heading used in the Family History Library Catalog.


Step 4. Find and Search the Record

Suggestions for Obtaining Records. You may be able to obtain the records you need in the following ways:

  • Family History LibraryLook this term up in the glossary.. You are welcome to visit and use the records at the Family History Library. The library is open to the public. There are no fees for using the records. If you would like more information about its services, contact the library at the following address:

Family History Library
35 North West Temple Street
Salt Lake City, Utah 84150
  • Family History CentersLook this term up in the glossary.. Copies of most of the records on microformLook this term up in the glossary. at the Family History Library can be lent to more than 1,500 Family History Centers. There are reasonable duplication and postage fees for this service.

The library's books cannot be lent to the centers, but copies of many books not protected by copyright are available on microfilmLook this term up in the glossary. or microficheLook this term up in the glossary..
You can get a list of the Family History Centers near you by writing to the Family History Library at the address given above.
  • ArchivesLook this term up in the glossary. and local churches. Most of the original documents you will need are at national and regional archives or in local parish offices in Denmark. The Family History Library has most Danish church records until 1920 on microfilm. Additional church records are available at the local parish offices. You can request searches in their records through correspondence. (See the “Archives and Libraries” section of this outline for more information.)
  • Libraries and interlibrary loanLook this term up in the glossary.. Public, academic, and other research libraries may have some published sources for Danish research. Many libraries also provide interlibrary loan services that allow you to borrow records from other libraries.
  • Professional researchersLook this term up in the glossary.. You can hire a private researcher to search the records for you. Some researchers specialize in Danish records. Lists of qualified professional researchers are available from the Family History Library. Archives and local church offices in Denmark may provide names of individuals who can search the records for you.
  • PhotocopiesLook this term up in the glossary.. The Family History Library offers limited photoduplication services for a small fee. You must specify the exact pages you need. Books protected by copyright cannot be copied in their entirety. However, a few pages can usually be copied for personal research. The Danish archives offer photographic prints of some records, but the costs may be relatively high.

When requesting services from libraries or professional researchers through correspondence, you will have more success if your letter is brief and very specific. Enclose a self-addressed, stamped envelope (SASE) when writing within your own country. When writing to other countries, enclose international reply coupons (available from your post office). You will usually need to send a check or money order in advance to pay for photocopy or search services.

Suggestions for Searching the Records. You will be most successful with Danish research if you can examine the original records (on microfilm). In some cases, transcripts of the original records are available. Although these may be easier to read, they may be less accurate than the original record.

Follow these principles as you search the records for your ancestor:

  • Search for one generation at a time. Do not try to connect your family to others of the same surname who lived more than a generation before your proven ancestor. It is much easier to prove parentage than descent.
  • Search for the ancestor'sLook this term up in the glossary. entire family. The records of each person in a family may include clues for identifying other family members. In most families, children were born at regular intervals (every two to three years). If there appears to be a longer period between some children (four to five years), reexamine the records for a child who may have been overlooked. Consider looking at other records and in other places to find a missing family member.
  • Search each source thoroughly. The information you need to find a person or trace the family further may be a minor detail of the record you are searching. Note the occupation of your ancestor and the names of witnesses, godparents, neighbors, relatives, guardians, and others. Also, note the places they are from.
  • Search a broad time period. Dates obtained from some sources may not be accurate. Look several years before and after the date you think an event, such as a birth, occurred.
  • Look for indexes. Many records have indexes. However, many indexes are incomplete. They may include only the name of the specific person the record is about. They may not include parents, witnesses, and other incidental persons. Also, be aware that the original records may have been misinterpreted or names may have been omitted during indexing.
  • Search for prior residence. Information about previous residences is crucial to continued successful research.
  • Watch for spelling variationsLook this term up in the glossary.. Look for the many ways a name could have been spelled. Spelling was not standardized when most early records were made. You may find a name spelled differently than it is today, as well as several different spelling variations in the original records.

Record Your Searches and Findings. Copy the information you find and keep detailed notes about each record you search. These notes should include the author, title, location, call numbers, description, and results of your search. Most researchers use a research log for this purpose.


Step 5. Use the Information

Evaluate the Information You Find. Carefully evaluate whether the information you find is complete and accurate. Ask yourself these questions:

Share Your Information with Others. Your family's history can become a source of enjoyment and education for yourself and your family. See the “Genealogy” section of this outline for information about Ancestral File. You are invited to contribute information or corrections to Ancestral File. For more information, see Contributing to Ancestral File. You may want to compile your findings into a family history. You can then share copies of your history with family members, the Family History Library, and other archives.

If you are a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsLook this term up in the glossary., be sure to submit information about your deceased family members so you can provide temple ordinancesLook this term up in the glossary. for them. Your ward family history consultant or a staff member at the library can assist you.

Return to top of page

Next Document

©1998, 2006 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. No part of this document may be reprinted, posted on-line, or reproduced in any form for any purpose without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. FamilySearch is a trademark of Intellectual Reserve, Inc.
[FamilySearchTM: Research Guidance
Version of Data: 4/3/2006]