The Canadian government collects records about Canadian history, culture, and people. Many such records are at the National Archives of Canada in Ottawa, formerly called the Public Archives of Canada. Their collection includes census, military records, immigration lists, land records, and some church records. A helpful overview of the collection is in:
St-Louis-Harrison, Lorraine, and Mary Munk. Tracing Your Ancestors in Canada.12th ed. Ottawa: National Archives of Canada, 1997. (FHL book 971 D27k 1997; computer number 804791.)
Many National Archive records are available on microfilm from the Family History Library or public or university libraries in the United States. These libraries may request interlibrary loans of up to three rolls of film at a time from:
National Archives of Canada
395 Wellington Street
Ottawa, ON K1A 0N3
Canada
Telephone: 613-996-7458
Fax: 613-995-6274
The following guides list microfilms available by interlibrary loan to public libraries:
Hillman, Thomas A. Catalogue of Census Returns on Microfilm, 1666–1891. Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada, 1987. (FHL book 971 X23ht; computer number 449615.) See the “Census” section of this outline for a description of this catalog.
Ships’ Passenger Lists and Border Entry Lists in PAC, RG 76, Records of the Immigration Branch. Ottawa: Federal Archives Division, Public Archives of Canada, 1986. (FHL book 971 W23p; computer number 436288.) See the “Emigration and Immigration” section of this outline for a description of this book.
Campeau, Marielle, and Patricia Birkett. Checklist of Parish Registers, 1986. Ottawa: Manuscript Division, National Archives of Canada, 1987. (FHL book 971 K23p 1987; computer number 489776.) See the “Church Records” of this outline for a description of this book.
This next guide describes church records and a few vital records at the National Archives, including microforms and noncirculating manuscripts:
Coderre, John E., and Paul A. Lavoie. Guide to Birth, Marriage and Death Records at the National Archives of Canada. Ottawa: Ottawa Branch, Ontario Genealogical Society, 1987. (FHL book 971 K23c 1987; computer number 489977.) The 1977 edition is on microfilm at the Family History Library under the title Parish Registers Held at the Public Archives of Canada (FHL film 1036008 item 6; computer number 214442.)
National Library of Canada
The National Library is not the same as the National Archives, although it has the same street address. It has a helpful collection of published genealogies, manuscripts, histories, directories, maps, and newspapers. It also has periodicals from genealogical and historical societies across Canada. Write for information about their holdings and services:
National Library of Canada
395 Wellington Street
Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4
Canada
Telephone: 613-995-9481
Fax: 613-943-1112
A list of basic Canadian genealogical sources at the National Library of Canada is:
Bond, Mary E. Reference Sources for Canadian Genealogy. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1995. (Not available at Family History Library.)
Some of the basic sources listed in this book are discussed in:
Bond, Mary E. “Reference Sources for Canadian Genealogy at the National Library of Canada,” Anglo-Celtic Roots. Winter 1996/1997, 1–3. (FHL book 971.384 D25a; computer number 664016.) This periodical is published by the British Isles Family History Society of Greater Ottawa.
Provincial Archives
Each province has its own archives that are separate from those of the national government. These repositories have many records valuable for genealogical research in their particular area.
In eastern Canada, provincial archives have:
- Some birth, marriage, and death records.
- Some census records.
- Many land records.
- Some probate records.
- Some church records.
In western Canada, provincial archives have:
- Many land records.
- Some probate records.
- Specialized documents about the history of their area.
You may contact each provincial archive for information about its services. The Provincial Archives of New Brunswick and the Archives of Ontario lend microfilms to public and university libraries in North America participating in the interlibrary loan service. The other archives do not, with a few exceptions for certain record types (such as newspapers). None of the archives have sufficient staff to research records for you, but they may be able to furnish names of researchers you can hire. For more information, see the research outline for each province.
Two archives not mentioned in provincial research outlines are:
Archives of the Northwest Territories
c/o Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre
P.O. Box 1320
Yellowknife, NW X1A 2L9
Canada
Telephone: 867-873-7698
Yukon Archives
P.O. Box 2703
Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6
Canada
Telephone: 867-667-5321
Municipal Government Offices
Municipal offices in Canada, comparable to county courthouses and town halls in the United States, cannot legally provide copies of their vital records. Names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the municipal governments are in:
Canadian Almanac and Directory. Toronto: Canadian Almanac and Directory Publishing Co., annual. (FHL book 971 E4ca; computer number 160632.)
Canadian Sourcebook. Don Mills, Ont.: Southam Inc., annual. (FHL book 971 B5c; computer number 819162.) Editions before 1998 were called:
Corpus Almanac & Canadian Sourcebook. Don Mills, Ont.: Corpus Information Services, annual. (FHL book 971 B5c; computer number 490918.)
For a description of municipal records for genealogical research, see:
Walsh, Mark. “Municipal Archives and Genealogy,” In the Footsteps of the Habitants, ed. Debra Butler Honor, 67–75. Toronto: The Ontario Genealogical Society, 1986. (FHL book 971.3 D2o; computer number 456597.)
Other Archives and Libraries
Some records are also available in major libraries and special archives in Canada and in the United States. Contact these libraries and archives to ask about their collections, hours, services, and fees.
Many marriage indexes, church records, and vital records for French Canadians in North America are at the Salle Gagnon of the city library of Montreal. That address is:
Collection Gagnon
Bibliothèque de la Ville de Montréal
1210 rue Sherbrooke est
Montreal, QC H2L 1L9
Canada
Telephone: 514-872-5923
Fax: 514-872-1626
The Centre d’études acadiennes holds records of French Acadians and their descendants located anywhere in the world. You can visit:
Centre d’études acadiennes
Université de Moncton
Moncton, NB E1A 3E9
Canada
Telephone: 506-858-4085
Local histories and materials on the provinces of Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Manitoba are at:
Prairie History Room
Regina Public Library
P.O. Box 2311
Regina, SK S4P 3Z5
Canada
Telephone: 306-777-6011
Fax: 306-352-5550
For collections specific to a province, see the research outline for that province.
Some libraries in the United States also have good Canadian collections. These include:
New England Historic Genealogical Society
101 Newbury Street
Boston, MA 02116-3087
USA
Telephone: 617-536-5740
Fax: 617-536-7307
The State Historical Society of Wisconsin
Library Division
816 State Street
Madison, WI 53706
USA
Telephone: 608-264-6534
Fax: 608-264-6520
Allen County Public Library
900 Webster Street
P. O. Box 2270
Fort Wayne, IN 46801-2270
USA
Telephone: 219-421-1200
Fax: 219-422-9688
Burton Historical Collection
Detroit Public Library
5201 Woodward Avenue
Detroit, MI 48202-4093
USA
Telephone: 313-833-1480
Fax: 313-833-5039
A brief overview of the Burton Historical Collection is in:
Dalligan, Alice. “Sources for Canadian Genealogy in the Burton Historical Collection,” in In the Footsteps of the Habitants, ed. Debra Butler Honor, 61–65. Toronto: The Ontario Genealogical Society, 1986. (FHL book 971.3 D2o; computer number 456597.)
In Canada and the United States, many historical and genealogical societies have valuable collections of Canadian records. See the “Societies” section of this outline.
In Britain and France, many archives and libraries have information on Canadians. Records in France about early French Canadian and Acadian families are listed in:
Bernard, Gildas. Guide des recherches sur l’histoire des familles (Guide to Research in Family History). Paris: Archives Nationales, 1981. (FHL book 944 D27b; computer number 158146.)
Inventories, Registers, Catalogs
A few archives have catalogs or guides that describe their records and how to use them. If possible, study these guides before you visit an archive so that you can use your time more effectively.
For names and addresses of provincial, church, and other archives and for brief descriptions of their collections and services, see:
Directory of Canadian Archives. 5th ed. Ottawa: Association of Canadian Archivists, 1990. (FHL book 971 J54d 1990; computer number 640308.)
The Official Directory of Canadian Museums and Related Institutions, 1987–1988. Ottawa: Canadian Museums Association, 1987. (FHL book 971 J54dc; computer number 489683.)
For more detailed descriptions of some archive collections, see Genealogist’s Handbook for Atlantic Canada Research, by Terrence M. Punch, in the “For Further Reading” section of this outline.
For a list of some 26,000 collections of significant records at national, provincial, and local archives of Canada, see:
Gordon, Robert S., and E. Grace Maurice, eds. Union List of Manuscripts in Canadian Repositories (ULM). 2 vols., rev. Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada, 1975. (FHL book 971 A3cp 1975; film 1036731 items 1 and 2; computer number 188352.) The Family History Library has some of the supplements to this book that have been published since 1975.
A few Canadian and United States libraries with Canadian genealogical collections are named in:
Filby, P. William. Directory of American Libraries with Genealogy or Local History Collections. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources Inc., 1988. (FHL book 973 A3fi; computer number 463835.) Pages 257 to 284 list Canadian libraries.
The following handbooks describe the collections of many local libraries in Canada. For more information about these books, see the “For Further Reading” section of this outline.
Baxter, Angus. In Search of Your Canadian Roots. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1994. (FHL book Ref 971 D27ba 1994; computer number 735447.)
Barclay-Lapointe, Elizabeth. Sourcing Canada.: Genealogy Addresses. 1997 ed. Buckingham, Que.: Buckingham Press, 1997. (FHL book 971 D24b; computer number 811871.)
Addresses of major archives and libraries in Canada are in:
Canadian Almanac and Directory. Toronto: Canadian Almanac and Directory Publishing Co., annual. (FHL book 971 E4ca; computer number 160632.)
Canadian Sourcebook. Don Mills, Ont.: Southam Inc., annual. (FHL book 971 B5c; computer number 819162.) Editions before 1998 were called:
Corpus Almanac & Canadian Sourcebook. Don Mills, Ont.: Corpus Information Services, annual. (FHL book 971 B5c; computer number 490918.)
Addresses of most Canadian libraries are in:
Franco, Guida, ed. Directory of Libraries in Canada. Toronto: Micromedia Limited, 1996. (Not available at Famiily History Library.)
Public, academic, government, and special libraries in Canada are also listed in:
American Library Directory. New Providence, N.J.: R. R. Bowker Co., annual. (FHL book 973 J45a; computer number 32239.)
The Family History Library has a few published inventories, guides, and directories to libraries. See the catalog under:
CANADA - ARCHIVES AND LIBRARIES
CANADA, [PROVINCE] - ARCHIVES AND LIBRARIES
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Computer Networks and Bulletin Boards
Computers with modems can be useful tools for obtaining information from selected archives and libraries. In a way, computer networks themselves serve as a library. The Internet, certain computer bulletin boards
, and commercial on-line services
help family history researchers:
- Locate other researchers.
- Post queries.
- end and receive e-mail.
- Search large databases.
- Search computer libraries.
- Join in computer chat and lecture sessions.
You can find computerized research tips and information about ancestors from Canada in many sources at local, provincial, national, and international levels. The list of sources is growing rapidly. Most information is available at no cost.
The web site of the National Archives of Canada contains the index to the 1871 census of Ontario and the index to the Canadian Expeditionary Force service records from World War I. The Internet address for the National Archives of Canada is:
http://www.archives.ca
The National Library of Canada has its own web site, which provides access to the online catalog. The web site also links to a list of 2,300 Canadian newspapers in microform. The public libraries can borrow most of these microfilms through interlibrary loan. The Internet address for the National Library of Canada is:
http://www.nlc-bnc.ca
Addresses on the Internet change frequently. As of September 1997, the following sites were important gateways linking you to many more network and bulletin board sites:
- Canada GenWeb
http://www.rootsweb.com/~canwgw/cngenwebe.html
A cooperative effort by many volunteers to list genealogical databases, libraries, bulletin boards, and other resources available on the Internet for each province.
- Canadian Genealogy Resources
http://genealogy.about.com/hobbies/genealogy/msubcanada.htm
Lists county, provincial, and national sources; personal pages; and publications.
- Roots-L
http://www.rootsweb.com/roots-l/usa/
A useful list of sites and resources. Includes a large, regularly updated research coordination list.
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